Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.08.2015.0162

Antifungal Effect of Chitosan as Ca2+ Channel Blocker  

Lee, Choon Geun (Department of Life Science, College of BioNano, Gachon University)
Koo, Ja Choon (Division of Science Education and Institute of Fusion Science, Chonbuk National University)
Park, Jae Kweon (Department of Life Science, College of BioNano, Gachon University)
Publication Information
The Plant Pathology Journal / v.32, no.3, 2016 , pp. 242-250 More about this Journal
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate antifungal activity of a range of different molecular weight (MW) chitosan against Penicillium italicum. Our results demonstrate that the antifungal activity was dependent both the MW and concentration of the chitosan. Among a series of chitosan derived from the hydrolysis of high MW chitosan, the fractions containing various sizes of chitosan ranging from 3 to 15 glucosamine units named as chitooligomers-F2 (CO-F2) was found to show the highest antifungal activity against P. italicum. Furthermore, the effect of CO-F2 toward this fungus was significantly reduced in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$, whereas its effect was recovered by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, suggesting that the CO-F2 acts via disruption of $Ca^{2+}$ gradient required for survival of the fungus. Our results suggest that CO-F2 may serve as potential compounds to develop alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of the postharvest diseases.
Keywords
antifungal activity; $Ca^{2+}$ channel; chitosan; molecular weight; Penicillium italicum;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Badawy, M. E., Rabea, E. I., Steurbaut, W., Rogge, T. M., Stevens, C. V., Smagghe, G. and Hofte, M. 2005. Fungicidal activity of some O-acyl chitosan derivatives against grey mould Botrytis cinerea and rice leaf blast Pyricularia grisea. Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci. 70:215-218.
2 Bencina, M., Legisa, M. and Read, N. D. 2005. Cross-talk between cAMP and calcium signalling in Aspergillus niger. Mol. Microbiol. 56:268-281.   DOI
3 Bhaskara Reddy, M. V., Arul, J., Angers, P. and Couture, L. 1999. Chitosan treatment of wheat seeds induces resistance to Fusarium graminearum and improves seed quality. J. Agric. Food Chem. 47:1208-1216.   DOI
4 Brand, A., Lee, K., Veses, V. and Gow, N. A. 2009. Calcium homeostasis is required for contact-dependent helical and sinusoidal tip growth in Candida albicans hyphae. Mol. Microbiol. 71:1155-1164.   DOI
5 Brand, A., Shanks, S., Duncan, V. M., Yang, M., Mackenzie, K. and Gow, N. A. 2007. Hyphal orientation of Candida albicans is regulated by a calcium-dependent mechanism. Curr. Biol. 17:347-352.
6 Chafer, M., Sanchez-Gonzalez, L., Gonzalez-Martinez, C. and Chiralt, A. 2012. Fungal decay and shelf life of oranges coated with chitosan and bergamot, thyme, and tea tree essential oils. J. Food Sci. 77:E182-E187.   DOI
7 Cohen, E. 1993. Chitin synthesis and degradation as targets for pesticide action. Arch. Insect. Biochem. Physiol. 22:245-261.   DOI
8 Fisichella, M., Dabboue, H., Bhattacharyya, S., Saboungi, M. L., Salvetat, J. P., Hevor, T. and Guerin, M. 2009. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles enhance MTT formazan exocytosis in HeLa cells and astrocytes. Toxicol. In Vitro 23:697-703.   DOI
9 Hadwiger, L. A. 2013. Multiple effects of chitosan on plant systems:solid science or hype. Plant Sci. 208:42-49.   DOI
10 Jackson, S. L. and Heath, I. B. 1993. Roles of calcium ions in hyphal tip growth. Microbiol. Rev. 57:367-382.
11 Kaya, M., Akata, I., Baran, T. and Mentes, A. 2015a. Physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan produced from medicinal fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola). Food Biophys. 10:162-168.   DOI
12 Kaya, M., Mujtaba, M., Bulut, E., Akyuz, B., Zelencova, L. and Sofi, K. 2015b. Fluctuation in physicochemical properties of chitins extracted from different body parts of honeybee. Carbohydr. Polym. 132:9-16.   DOI
13 Kendra, D. F. and Hadwiger, L. A. 1984. Characterization of the smallest chitosan oligomer that is maximally antifungal to Fusarium solani and elicits pisatin formation in Pisum sativum. Exp. Mycol. 8:276-281.   DOI
14 Koo, J. C., Lee, S. Y., Chun, H. J., Cheong, Y. H., Choi, J. S., Kawabata, S., Miyagi, M., Tsunasawa, S., Ha, K. S., Bae, D. W., Han, C. D., Lee, B. L. and Cho, M. J. 1998. Two hevein homologs isolated from the seed of Pharbitis nil L. exhibit potent antifungal activity. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1382:80-90.   DOI
15 LaFayette, S. L., Collins, C., Zaas, A. K., Schell, W. A., Betancourt-Quiroz, M., Gunatilaka, A. A., Perfect, J. R. and Cowen, L. E. 2010. PKC signaling regulates drug resistance of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans via circuitry comprised of Mkc1, calcineurin, and Hsp90. PLoS Pathog. 6:e1001069.   DOI
16 Lahlali, R., Serrhini, M. N. and Jijakli, M. H. 2005. Development of a biological control method against postharvest diseases of citrus fruits. Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci. 70:47-58.
17 Mazur, S. and Waksmundzka, A. 2001. Effect of some compounds on the decay of strawberry fruits caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Meded. Rijksuniv. Gent. Fak. Landbouwkd. Toegep. Biol. Wet. 66:227-231.
18 Levin, D. E., Fields, F. O., Kunisawa, R., Bishop, J. M. and Thorner, J. 1990. A candidate protein kinase C gene, PKC1, is required for the S. cerevisiae cell cycle. Cell 62:213-224.   DOI
19 Levina, N. N., Lew, R. R., Hyde, G. J. and Heath, I. B. 1995. The roles of $Ca^{2+}$ and plasma membrane ion channels in hyphal tip growth of Neurospora crassa. J. Cell Sci. 108:3405-3417.
20 Lu, L., Liu, Y., Yang, J., Azat, R., Yu, T. and Zheng, X. 2014. Quaternary chitosan oligomers enhance resistance and biocontrol efficacy of Rhodosporidium paludigenum to green mold in satsuma orange. Carbohydr. Polym. 113:174-181.   DOI
21 Miller, A. J., Vogg, G. and Sanders, D. 1990. Cytosolic calcium homeostasis in fungi: roles of plasma membrane transport and intracellular sequestration of calcium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87:9348-9352.   DOI
22 Munoz, Z. and Moret, A. 2010. Sensitivity of Botrytis cinerea to chitosan and acibenzolar-S-methyl. Pest. Manag. Sci. 66:974-979.   DOI
23 Ngamwongsatit, P., Banada, P. P., Panbangred, W. and Bhunia, A. K. 2008. WST-1-based cell cytotoxicity assay as a substitute for MTT-based assay for rapid detection of toxigenic Bacillus species using CHO cell line. J. Microbiol. Methods 73:211-215.   DOI
24 Olicon-Hernandez, D. R., Hernandez-Lauzardo, A. N., Pardo, J. P., Pena, A., Velazquez-del Valle, M. G. and Guerra-Sanchez, G. 2015. Influence of chitosan and its derivatives on cell development and physiology of Ustilago maydis. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 79:654-660.   DOI
25 Robles-Martinez, L., Guerra-Sanchez, M. G., Hernandez-Lauzardo, A. N., Pardo, J. P. and Velazquez-del Valle, M. G. 2014. Effects of chitosan and oligochitosan on development and mitochondrial function of Rhizopus stolonifer. J. Basic. Microbiol. 54 Suppl 1:S42-S49.   DOI
26 Ortelli, D., Edder, P. and Corvi, C. 2005. Pesticide residues survey in citrus fruits. Food Addit. Contam. 22:423-428.   DOI
27 Palma-Guerrero, J., Lopez-Jimenez, J. A., Perez-Berna, A. J., Huang, I. C., Jansson, H. B., Salinas, J., Villalain, J., Read, N. D. and Lopez-Llorca, L. V. 2010. Membrane fluidity determines sensitivity of filamentous fungi to chitosan. Mol. Microbiol. 75:1021-1032.   DOI
28 Rabea, E. I., El Badawy, M., Rogge, T. M., Stevens, C. V., Steurbaut, W., Hofte, M. and Smagghe, G. 2006. Enhancement of fungicidal and insecticidal activity by reductive alkylation of chitosan. Pest. Manag. Sci. 62:890-897.   DOI
29 Silverman-Gavrila, L. B. and Lew, R. R. 2001. Regulation of the tip-high [$Ca^{2+}$] gradient in growing hyphae of the fungus Neurospora crassa. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 80:379-390.   DOI
30 Sun, X., Wang, J., Feng, D., Ma, Z. and Li, H. 2011. PdCYP51B, a new putative sterol $14{\alpha}$-demethylase gene of Penicillium digitatum involved in resistance to imazalil and other fungicides inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 91:1107-1119.   DOI
31 Tayel, A. A., Moussa, S., el-Tras, W. F., Knittel, D., Opwis, K. and Schollmeyer, E. 2010. Anticandidal action of fungal chitosan against Candida albicans. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 47:454-457.   DOI
32 Tayel, A. A., Moussa, S. H., Salem, M. F., Mazrou, K. E. and El-Tras, W. F. 2016. Control of citrus molds using bioactive coatings incorporated with fungal chitosan/plant extracts composite. J. Sci. Food Agric. 96:1306-1312.   DOI
33 Yoshioka, N., Akiyama, Y. and Teranishi, K. 2004. Rapid simultaneous determination of o-phenylphenol, diphenyl, thiabendazole, imazalil and its major metabolite in citrus fruits by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure photoionization. J. Chromatogr. A 1022:145-150.   DOI
34 Tsyhankova, V. A., Andrusevych, I. V., Biliavs'ka, L. O., Kozyryts'ka, V. I., Iutyns'ka, H. O., Halkin, A. P., Halahan, T. O. and Boltovs'ka, O. V. 2012. Growth stimulating, fungicidal and nematicidal properties of new microbial substances and their impact on si/miRNA synthesis in plant cells. Mikrobiol. Z. 74:36-45.
35 Vitalini, S., Ruggiero, A., Rapparini, F., Neri, L., Tonni, M. and Iriti, M. 2014. The application of chitosan and benzothiadiazole in vineyard (Vitis vinifera L. cv Groppello Gentile) changes the aromatic profile and sensory attributes of wine. Food Chem. 162:192-205.   DOI
36 Wojdyla, A. T. 2004. Chitosan (biochikol 020 PC) in the control of some ornamental foliage diseases. Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci. 69:705-715.
37 Younes, I., Sellimi, S., Rinaudo, M., Jellouli, K. and Nasri, M. 2014. Influence of acetylation degree and molecular weight of homogeneous chitosans on antibacterial and antifungal activities. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 185:57-63.   DOI
38 Zahid, N., Ali, A., Manickam, S., Siddiqui, Y. and Maqbool, M. 2012. Potential of chitosan-loaded nanoemulsions to control different Colletotrichum spp. and maintain quality of tropical fruits during cold storage. J. Appl. Microbiol. 113:925-939.   DOI
39 Zhang, H., Li, R. and Liu, W. 2011. Effects of chitin and its derivative chitosan on postharvest decay of fruits: a review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 12:917-934.   DOI
40 Al-Samarrai, G., Singh, H. and Syarhabil, M. 2012. Evaluating eco-friendly botanicals (natural plant extracts) as alternatives to synthetic fungicides. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 19:673-676.
41 Badawy, M. E., Rabea, E. I., Steurbaut, W., Rogge, T. M., Stevens, C. V., Smagghe, G. and Hofte, M. 2004. Insecticidal and fungicidal activity of new N,O-acyl Chitosan derivatives. Commun. Agric. Appl. Biol. Sci. 69:793-797.