• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.309-316
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• 2002

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of combination chemotherapy using ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Materials and methods: Thirty-three patients with inoperable NSCLC(stage IIIb+IV) who had measurable diseases, and had not been treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, were enrolled in this study(from March 1995 to December 1996). The patients received ifosfamide($1500mg/m^2/day$, a full drop with Mesna on days 1-5), Cisplatin ($80mg/m^2/day$ infusion with a hydration on day 2), and Etoposide ($100mg/m^2/day$ infusion for 2 hours on days 1-3). The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Results: Ten patients showed a partial responses (30.3%). The overall survival time of the responders was longer than that of the non-responders (median 55 vs 22 weeks, p=0.01). The toxicities of this treatment were tolerable. Grade 3 or 4 leukopenia was observed in 21%. There was 1 death related to febrile neutropenia. The non-hematologic toxicity was mild. The relative dose intensity given to the patients was 0.86 ifosfamide, 0.87 cisplatin, and 0.89 etoposide, showing an average dose intensity of 0.87. Conclusions: A combination regimen of ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide is effective and tolerable for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1982

This study was conducted to determine the interrelationship between the weight of various visceral organs and the live weight of Korean native cattle with particular regard to female ones. One hundred and eighty-five of 2 to 6 years and one hundred and fifty-six Korean native cow of over 7 years of age were examined at the Busan slaughter house during the lest quarter of 1979. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The average live weight of 72 years old cows examined was 297.09kg, while these weight of visceral organs such as liver, lung, heart, left kidney, right kidney and spleen being 4301.09, 2165.22, 1355.43, 346.74, 350 and 991.30g, respectively. The length, width and thickness of the spleen were 49.0, 12.92 and 2.95cm, respectively. 2. The average live weight of 3 years old cows examined was 306.56kg, while these weight of visceral organs such as liver, lung, heart, left kidney, right kidney and spleen being 4099.07, 2144.44, 1383.33, 326.85, 325.93 and 964.82g, respectively. The length, width and thickness of the spleen were 43.3, 12.37 and 2.80cm, respectively. 3. The average live weight of 4 years old cows examined was 314.67kg, while these weight of visceral organs such as liver, lung, heart, left kidney, right kidney and spleen being 4186.67, 2292.50, 1392.50, 346.67, 343.33 and 932.50g, respectively. The length, width and thickness of the spleen were 47.01, 12.55 and 3.08cm, respectively. 4. The average live weight of 5 years old cows examined was 328.90kg, while these weight of visceral organs such as liver, lung, hearts left kidney, right kidney and spleen being 4465.32, 2394.35, 1493.55, 370.16, 335.97 and 997.58g, respectively, The length, width and thickness of the spleen were 49.17, 12.76 and 3.16cm, respectively. 5. The average live weight of 6 years old cows examined was 334.97kg, while these weight of visceral organs such as liver, lung, heart, left kidney, right kidney and spleen being 4585.29, 2552.79, 1555.89, 364.70, 373.24 and 985.29g, respectively. The length, width and thickness of the spleen were 48.27, 12.66 and 2.78cm, respectively. 6. The average live weight of 156 cows (over 7 years of age) examined was 344.91kg, while these weight of visceral organs such as liver, lung, heart, left kidney, right kidney and spleen being 4730.77, 2651.44, 1554.39, 407.37, 409.42 and 1101.06g, respectively. The length, width and thickness of the spleen were 51.04, 13.21 and 3.08cm, respectively. 7. Total average live weight of 341 cows (from 2 to 6 and over 7 years of age) examined was 332.44kg, while these weight of visceral organs being 4550.95, 2497.13, 1500.76, 380.18, 382.27 and 1047.98g, respectively. The length, width and thickness of the spleen were 52.01, 12.96 and 3.02cm, respectively. 8. The correlation coefficients between the live weight of 341 cows and their visceral organs were found to be highly significant (P<0.01), except fort for the length of spleen

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1998

Concerned to the lyfe cycle of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, the experimental infection and development of the parasites were studied in the several freshwater cultured fishes. Opitimum conditions for the propagation of the parasite by serial passage with the rainbow trout fry was observed. Visiable white spots were examined in the body surface, fins and gills of the healthy fries, and a stable infection has been maintained for 2 months in the experimental system (Temperature: $18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ DO: 7-7.5 ppm; pH: $7{\pm}0.2$). Induction conditions for artificial infection of the parasite by interms of the host fishes, stages of the parasites, and rearing temperature regimes was investigated. Rainbow trout fries showed a positive infection which was resulted from exposure of theront at $18^{\circ}C$. The rainbow trout fries induced white spots on the body surface at 3-7 days exposure to the theronts at $18^{\circ}C$. It was found that exposure of the rainbow trout fries exposed to 1,000 theronts per fish (10 theront/ml) for 45-60 minutes at $18^{\circ}C$ would consistently produce infection. Perfect infection (100%) was induced when the fries were exposed to 1,500 theront per fish (15 theront/ml) under laboratory condition. Development of I. multifiliis in the rainbow trout was observed for 7 days postexposure (PE). The parasite increased in average diameter from $54{\mu}m$ on the 1st day PE to $426{\mu}m$ on the 7th day PE. In the initial infestation period, the parasites were found on the gill epithelium, and on the 3rd day PE they invaded into the basal part of the gill filament adjacent to the major blood vessels, particularly the afferent vessels. Morphological change of buccal apparatus were observed on the 2nd day PE. Contractile vacuoles were more prominent on the 4th day PE, and they had notable changes on the 7th day PE.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.56-60
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• 2009

Purpose: The various studies and efforts to develop program are in progress in the field of nuclear medicine for the purpose of reducing scan time. The Oncoflash is one of the programs used in whole body bone scan which allows to maintain the image quality while to reduce scan time. When Those applications are used in clinical setting, both the image quality and reduction of scan time should be considered, therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the criteria for proper scan speed. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were the patients who underwent whole body bone scan at the departments of nuclear medicine in the Asan Medical Center located in Seoul from 1st to 10th, July, 2008. The whole body bone images obtained in the scan speed of 30cm/min were classified by the total counts into under 800 K, and over 800 K, 900 K, 1,000 K, 1,500 K, and 2,000 K. The image quality were assessed qualitatively and the percentages of those of 1,000K and under of total counts were calculated. The FWHM before and after applying the Oncoflash were analyzed using images obtained in $^{99m}Tc$ Flood and 4-Quadrant bar phantom in order to compare the resolution according to the amount of total counts by the application of the Oncoflash. Considering the counts of the whole body bone scan, the dosed 2~5 mCi were used. 152 patients underwent the measurement in which the counts of Patient Postioning Monitor (PPM) were measured with including head and the parts of chest which the starting point of whole body bone scan from 7th to 26th, August, 2008. The correlations with total counts obtained in the scan speed of 30cm/min among them were analyzed (The exclusion criteria were after over six hours of applying isotopes or low amount of doses). Results: The percentage of the whole body bone image which has the geometric average of total counts of under 1,000K among them obtained in the scan speed of 30cm/min were 17.6%(n=58) of 329 patients. The qualitative analysis of the image groups according to the whole body counts showed that the images of under 1,000K were assessed to have coarse particles and increased noises. The analysis on the FWHM of the images before and after applying the Oncoflash showed that, in the case of PPM counts of under 3.6 K, FWHM values after applying the Oncoflash were higher than that before applying the Oncoflash, whereas, in the case of that of over 3.6 K, the FWHM after applying the Oncoflash were not higher than that before applying the Oncoflash. The average of total counts at 2.5~3.0 K, 3.1~3.5 K, 3.6~4.0 k, 4.1~4.5 K, 4.6~5.0 K, 5.1~6.0 K, 6.1~7.0 K, and 7.1 K over (in PPM) were $965{\pm}173\;K$, $1084{\pm}154\;K$, $1242{\pm}186\;K$, $1359{\pm}170\;K$, $1405{\pm}184\;K$, $1640{\pm}376\;K$, $1,771{\pm}324\;K$, and $1,972{\pm}385\;K$, respectively and the correlations between the counts in PPM and the total counts of image obtained in the scan speed of 30 cm/min demonstrated strong correlation (r=.775, p<.01). Conclusions: In the case of PPM coefficient over 3.6 K, the image quality obtained in the scan speed of 30cm/min and after applying the Oncoflash was similar to that obtained in the scan speed of 15 cm/min. In the case of total counts over 1,000 K, it is expected to reduce scan time without any damage on the image quality. In the case of total counts under 1,000 K, however, the image quality were decreased even though the Oncoflash is applied, so it is recommended to perform the re-image in the scan speed of 15 cm/min.