• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2000년도 Proceedings of 2000 KSAM International Symposium and Spring Meeting
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• pp.208-213
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• 2000

Penicillium fellutanum produces a phosphorylated, choline-containing extracellular peptido-polysaccharide, peptidophosphogalactomannan (pPxGM) (8). The $\^$13/C-methyl labeled pPxGM ([methyl-$\^$13/C]pPxGM) was prepared from the cultures supplemented with L-[methyl-$\^$13/C]methionine or [2-$\^$13/C]glycine and was used as a probe to monitor the fate of phosphocholine in this polymer. Addition of purified [methyl-$\^$l3/C]pPxGM to growing cultures in low phosphate medium resulted in the disappearance of [methyl-$\^$13/C]phosphocholine and -N,N'-dimethyl-phosphoethanolamine from the added [methyl-$\^$13/C]pPxGM. Two $\^$l3/C-methyl-enriched cytoplasmic solutes, choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine, were found in mycelial extracts, suggesting that phosphocholine-containing extracellular pPxGM of P.fellutanum is a precursor of intracellular choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine and thus of phosphatydilcholine (l0). $\^$13/C-Methyl-labeled cells grown in 3 M NaCl-containing medium showed 2.6- and 22-fold more accumulation of $\^$13/C-methyl labeled choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine, respectively, originated from the extracellular [$\^$13/C-methyl]pPxGM than those grown without added NaCl. The results suggest that, in addition to glycerol and erythritol, glycine betaine and choline-O-sulfate and thus choline are also osmoprotectants and hence that pPxGM is involved in osmotolerance of this fungus (11). Taken collectively, the $\^$l3/C- and $\^$31/P-NMR analyses of cytosolic solute pools and structural modulation of extracellular pPxGM corresponding to environmental stimuli in P. fellutanum, provided evidence that pPxGM is involved in cellular choline metabolism, osmotolerance, and recycling of metabolites.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 1975

This study is to investigate the content of crude protein intruded in the sericin of cocoon shell and pupa by treatment of buffer solution (pH 1 to pH 13) 20 ml per 1 gram for 30 and 60 minutes at 30$^{\circ}C$, 60$^{\circ}C$ and 100${\pm}$2$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The quantity of total crude protein obtained from cocoon shell and pupa by treatment during 30 minutes at 30$^{\circ}C$ was dissolved as the largest quantity of 11.874 mg/g at pH 1 and l5.93mg/g at pH 13, but dissolved the smallest quantity 1.75g/g at pH 5 as known. and tile quantity of crude protein treated for 60 minutes is 13.437mg/g at pH 1 and 22.50mg/g at pH 13. Also, the smallest quantity is 2. 813mg/g at pH 5 as known. 2. By the treatment during 30 minutes at 60$^{\circ}C$, the dissolved largest quantity was 13.12mg/g at pH 1 and 21.875 mg/g at pH 13, but the smallest quantity is 2.375mg/g at pH 5 as known After treatment for 60 minutes at 60$^{\circ}C$, the dissolved largest quantity was 17.500 mg/g at pH 1 and 31.56mg/g at pH 13, bu the smallest quantity is 3.849 mg/g at pH 5. 3. The dissolved crude protein from the cocoon shell and pupa by treatment for 30 minutes at 100${\pm}$2$^{\circ}C$ was the largest quantity of 147.000mg/g at pH 1 and 398. 125mg/g at pH 13, but the smallest quantity is 75.00mg/g at pH 5 as known. After treatment for 60 minutes at 100${\pm}$2$^{\circ}C$, the largest quantity was 253.76 mg/g at pH 1 and 460.625mg/g at pH 13, but the smallest quantity is 139.375mg/g at pH 5 as known. 4. The dissolved crude protein from the cocoon shell and pupa was not different in quantity by treatment at 30$^{\circ}C$ or 60$^{\circ}C$. But dissolved crude protein was large quantity from cocoon shell more than pupa, as known. 5. The treatment of cocoon shell and pupa during 60 minutes at 100${\pm}$20$^{\circ}C$ was increased to the dissolved largest quantity of crude protein of 19.20％ at pH 1 and 22. 18％ at pH 13 from the cocoon shell and 6. 12％ at pH, an d 23.87％ at pH 13 from the pupa. But dissolved crude protein was increased to the larger quantity from pupa more than cocoon shell.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.268-272
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• 2006

목 적 : Helicobacter pylori 재감염률은 내시경적 생검만이 가능했던 시대에는 $^{13}C$-요소 호기 검사의 출현 이후에 비해 높게 보고되었다. 소아는 일반적으로 침습적인 내시경적 생검을 시행하기 용이치 않다. 본 연구는 $^{13}C$-요소 호기 검사와 내시경적 생검에 의한 재감염률을 비교하고, 그 차이에 영향을 미치는 인자를 찾고자 하였다. 방 법 : H. pylori 감염으로 치료받고 박멸이 확인된 소아들을 대상으로 하였다. 박멸 확인 후 18개월이 경과한 시점에 재감염을 확인하기 위하여 내시경적 생검(n=34명, 평균 연령 $11.5{\pm}3.7$세) 혹은 $^{13}C$-요소 호기 검사를(n=38명, 평균 연령 $10.0{\pm}3.6$세) 시행하였다. 첫 진단 시 내시경적 생검으로 위전정부 및 체부에서 세 절편을 채취하여 urease 검사, Giemsa 염색 및 Warthin-Starry 염색이 모두 양성으로 나오거나 생검 조직에서 H. pylori균이 배양된 경우 감염된 것으로 판정하였고, 박멸 치료 1-3개월 후 모든 검사상 음성인 경우 박멸된 것으로 판정하였다. $^{13}C$-요소 호기 검사는 최소 4시간 금식 후 75 mg의 $^{13}C$-요소를 주스에 섞어 마시도록 하는데, 복용 전 및 30분 후 Helikit(Isodiagnostika, Alberta, Canada)를 이용하여 숨을 불어넣도록 하고 delta $^{13}C$ per mil이 4.00 이상일 때를 양성으로 판독하였다. 결 과 : 내시경적 생검을 시행하였을 때 재감염률은 35.3%(12/34)였다. 내시경적 생검을 받은 모두가 당시 복부 증상이 있어 $^{13}C$-요소 호기 검사를 시행한 경우에 비해 복부 증상이 있는 경우가 유의하게 많았다(P=0.000). $^{13}C$-요소 호기 검사를 시행하였을 때 재감염률은 13.2%(5/38)였다. 추적 관찰 시 복부 증상이 있는 경우 재감염률이 유의하게 높았으며(P=0.008), 성별(P=0.694), 연령별(P=0.827). 궤양과 비궤양 간(P=0.730), 치료 방법 간에는(P=0.087) 재감염률에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 한국 소아에서 H. pylori 박멸 후 18개월이 경과하였을 때 비침습적인 $^{13}C$-요소 호기 검사를 이용한 재감염률은 13.2%이다. 내시경적 생검은 정확하나 침습적이어서 특히 무증상인 소아의 경우 이를 기피할 확률이 높아, 순응도에 따라 많은 영향을 받는다. 소아에서 재감염률 조사를 평가할 때에는 비침습적이면서 간편한 방법인가를 고려하여야 할 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권3호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2010

잣나무 목질부의 전질소 함량, 질소 및 탄소 동위원소비와 생장량과의 관계를 구명하고자 목편을 채취, 목질부의 질소 함량, 질소 및 탄소 동위원소비를 측정하여 목편의 연륜 폭과의 관계를 분석하였다. 목편의 연륜 폭과 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 및 전질소 함량과는 각각 p=0.003, p=0.024로 유의적 정의 상관관계가 있었고, 전질소 함량과 ${\delta}^{13}C$값과도 정의 상관관계(p=0.038)가 있어 목질부의 $^{13}C$량이 높고 또한 전질소 함량이 높을수록 잣나무 생장량도 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 목질부의 ${\delta}^{15}N$값과 C/N율이 낮을수록 연륜 폭이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 잣나무 가계간의 비교에서 생장이 우수한 가계일수록 그 목질부의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값이 큰 것으로 나타나 잣나무의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값이 상대적으로 높으면 생장도 우수한 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 결과로 잣나무 목질부내의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값 및 전질소 함량은 생장량과 밀접한 관계가 있는 인자로 추정된다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2007

The fixing behaviors of anthraquinone disperse dyes containing dimethylamino substituent, such as C. I. Disperse Violet 26(D.V.26) and C. I. Disperse Blue 14(D.V.14), or containing diamino substituent, such as C. I. Disperse Blue 73(D.B.73), and monochlorotriazinyl azo reactive dyes, such as C. I. Reactive Orange 13(R.O.13), C. I. Reactive Red 3(R.R.3). C. I. Reactive Yellow 2(R.Y.2) on polyester/cotton blend(P/C) fabrics were examined for the one-step printing of P/C fabrics. The high temperature steaming of $175^{\circ}C$ is the most satisfactory fixing method for P/C one-step printing with above disperse and reactive dyes among the four different fixing methods: $175^{\circ}C$ steaming, $102^{\circ}C$ steaming${\rightarrow}175^{\circ}C$ steaming, $190^{\circ}C$ thermosol, $102^{\circ}C$ steaming${\rightarrow}190^{\circ}C$ thermosol. $190^{\circ}C$ thermosol is unfit to fix R.R.3 and R.Y.2 whose heat stability is poor. It was found that D.V.26 and D.B.14 containing dimethylamino substituent are unstable for heat and alkali, but D.B.73 is stable for them to print P/C blend fabrics with R.O.13 which is also stable for heat. Therefore we found that D.B.73, R.O.13 and a pair of D.B.73 and R.O.13 were very suitable for one-step printing of P/C blend fabrics.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1995

X-ray 회절법을 이용하여 P-toluenesulfonanilide, C13H13NO2S의 결정 및 분자구조를 규명하였다. Methanol 용액으로부터 얻은 무색 단결정은 단사정계, 공간군은 P21/c이며, a=8.777(1)Å, b=9.784(2)Å, c=15.139(2)Å, β=99.00(1)°, Z=4, V=1284.0(6)Å3, Dc=1.28g/cm3, λ(Mo-Kα)=0.71069Å, μ=2.3cm-1, F(000)=520, Temperature : 293±3K, 직접법으로 개략적인 분자모델을 설정하고 3.0σ이상인 711개의 독립 회절반점에 대하여 완전행렬 최소자승법으로 정밀화하여 최종신뢰도값 R=0.038인 최종적인 분자모형을 구하였다. 두 벤젠고리의 이면각이 68.4°이며 분자들은 c축 방향 2회선 나선형으로 이상적으로 충진되어 있으며 분자간은 van der Walls 결합력으로 이루어져있다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2019

It is known that ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ (carbon-13 isotope of dissolved inorganic carbonate (DIC) ions) of water increases when dissolved $CO_2$ degases. However, ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ could decrease when the pH of water is lower than 5.5 at the early stage of degassing. Laboratory experiments were performed to observe the changes of ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ as $CO_2$ degassed from three different artificial $CO_2$-rich waters (ACWs) in which the initial pH was 4.9, 5.4, and 6.4, respectively. The pH, alkalinity and ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ were measured until 240 hours after degassing began and those data were compared with kinetic isotope fractionation calculations. Furthermore, same experiment was conducted with the natural $CO_2$-rich water (pH 4.9) from Daepyeong, Sejong City. As a result of experiments, we could observe the decrease of DIC and increase of pH as the degassing progressed. ACW with an initial pH of 6.4, ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ kept increasing but, in cases where the initial pH was lower than 5.5, ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ decreased until 6 hours. After 6 hours ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ increased within all cases because the $CO_2$ degassing caused pH increase and subsequently the ratio of $HCO_3{^-}$ in solution. In the early stage of $CO_2$ degassing, the laboratory measurements were well matched with the calculations, but after about 48 hours, the experiment results were deviated from the calculations, probably due to the equilibrium interaction with the atmosphere and precipitation of carbonates. The result of this study may be not applicable to all natural environments because the pressure and $CO_2$ concentration in headspace of reaction vessels was not maintained constant as well as the temperature. Nevertheless, this study provides fundamental knowledge on the ${\delta}^{13}C_{DIC}$ evolution during $CO_2$ degassing, and therefore it can be utilized in the studies about carbonated water with low pH and the monitoring of geologic carbon sequestration.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.171-179
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• 1981

옥수수 뿌리로부터 분리한 13,000g pellet과 13,000~80,000g pellet 내에 있는 membrane-bound ATPases의 특성을 구명하였다. 13,000g pellet과 13,000~80,000g pellet의 membrane-bound ATPases의 최적 pH는 5와 9였다. Discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation에 의한 13,000g pellet의 분획중 Fraction C는 pH 5에서, Fraction D, E 및 F는 pH 5에서보다 pH 9에서 더높은 활성을 나타냈다. 13,000~80,000g pellet의 분획에서 보면, Fraction A, C는 pH 9보다 pH 5에서, Fraction B, D, E 및 F는 pH 5보다 pH 9에서 더 높은 활성을 가겠다. pH 5와 pH 9에서 membrane-bound ATPases의 기질포화 농도는 3~5 mM이며 ATP에 대한 Km 값은 모두 0.25 mM이였다. Vmax 값은 8.0~55.6 $\mu$M Pi/mg membrane protein/hr의 범위에 있었다. Membrane-bound ATPase의 활성은 $K^+$ 이온에 의해 증가되었다.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.141-144
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• 2001

Na[Ga(N₃)₄]와 PPh₃의 반응으로부터 이온성 화합물 [Ph₃P(OH)]/sup +/[N₃]/sup -/ (1)이 분리되었다. 화합물1의 구조가 분광학적 방법(¹H-NMR, /sup 13/C{¹H-NMR, IR) 및 X-ray 회절법으로 규명되었다. 화합물1의 결정학 자료 : 사방정계 공간군 P2₁2₁2₁, a = 10.491(4)Å, b=11.603(5)Å, c=13.149(5)Å, Z=4, R(wR₂)=0.0547(0.0978).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1517-1524
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• 2007

The [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model was compared with the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method to determine whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and degradation (WBPD) in sheep fed at two levels. The animals were fed either 103 (M-diet) or 151 (H-diet) kcal $ME/kg^{0.75}/day$ once daily in a crossover design for 21 days each. The isotope dilutions were simultaneously conducted as a primed-continuous infusion of [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine, [$^2H_2$]tyrosine and [1-$^{13}C$]leucine on each dietary treatment. The WBPS and WBPD calculated from the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model were lower (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively) than those calculated from the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. The WBPS tended to be higher (p = 0.08) and WBPD was numerically higher (p = 0.33) for H-diet than M-diet in the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model, whereas the WBPS was numerically higher (p = 0.37) for H-diet and WBPS remained similar (p = 0.79) between diets in the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. However, the absolute values and the directions of WBPS as well as WBPD from M-diet to H-diet were comparable between the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model and [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. Moreover, the values vary depending on the use of the respective amino acid contents in the carcass protein when calculating WBPS and WBPD. Therefore, it is concluded that the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model could be used as an alternative to the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method for the determination of WBPS and WBPD in sheep.