• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 1993

Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is known as a potent carcinogen. As lipid consumption increases recently, the toxic effect of overheated lipid foods and fats ＆ oils were reported increasingly. In this study, the contents of B(a)p, other PAHs and rancidities of soybean oil were determined, and then the proper heating temperature, time and frequency were recommended, The work was carried out using soybean oil heated at $180\pm$5^{\circ}C$$, $200\pm$5^{\circ}C$$, and $300\pm$5^{\circ}C$$,for 50 hours. Acid Value(AV) and Conjugated Diene Value of samples were determined. The contents of B(a)P and other PAHs contents of all samples were masured by HPLC/UV method. The results obtained were as follows; Each content of PAHs in the fresh soybean oil was: Pyr 1.093, B(a)A 0.986, Ch 1.147, DMBA 1.082, B(e)P 0.664, Per 1.135, B(a)P 0.146, DBA 1.053, 3-MC 0.05 rg/kg. When the soybean oil was heated at $180\pm$5^{\circ}C$$, for 10, 20, 30, and 50 hours, B(a)P conterlts in heated soybean oils were 0.391, 0.692, 0.451, and 0.372 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg respectively. Acid value of them were 0.26, 0.26, 0.29, and 0.33, and conjugated diene value was 0.67, 0.76, 0.99, and 1.04, respectively. When the soybean oil was heated at $200\pm$5^{\circ}C$$,and $300\pm$5^{\circ}C$$,for 10, 20, 30, and 50 hours, B(a)P coiltents in soybean oil heated at $200\pm$5^{\circ}C$$,were 0.844, 0.512, 0.479 and 0.247 Ig/kg respectively, Acid value 0.22, 0.21, 0.23 and 0.51 and CDNV 0.39, 0.49, 3.27, and 3.89. B(a)P contents in soybean oil heated at $300\pm$5^{\circ}C$$,were 0.466, 0.706, 0.607 and 0.247$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg respectively, Acid value 0.47, 1.57, 3.90, and 6.42 and CDNV 0.65, 2.15, 3.00, and 3.88.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2004

The selective toxicity of spirodiclofen and fluacrypyrim+tetradifon to the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis and the tea red spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai was evaluated. The bean leaf discs with adult females or eggs of both species were sprayed with several concentrations of spirodiclofen or fluacrypyrim+tetradifon. Spirodiclofen and fluacrypyrim+tetradifon were much less toxic to P. persimilis than to T. kanzawai. Although the survival rate of adult females of P. persimilis tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of spirodiclofen, 92-68% of predators survived at concentrations of 22.5-180 ppm. Likewise, reproduction was reduced with increasing spirodiclofen concentration. Spirodiclofen did not affect the hatch of P. persimilis eggs. Survival of immature predators decreased with increasing spirodiclofen concentration, however, 88-20% of immature predators reached adulthood at 22.5-90 ppm. In the case of fluacrypyrim+tetradifon, the survival rate of adult females of P. persimilis tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of fluacrypyrim+tetradifon. However, 94-72% of predators remained alive at concentrations of 22.5-180 ppm. Likewise, reproduction was reduced with increasing fluacrypyrim+tetradifon concentration. Fluracypyrim+tetradifon did not affect the hatch of P. persimilis eggs. Survival of immature predators decreased with increasing fluacrypyrim+tetradifon concentration, however, 100-86% of immature predators reached adulthood at 22.5-180 ppm. Based on the results, spirodiclofen and fluacrypyrim+tetradifon appeared to be promising candidates for use in integrated mite management programs where P. persimilis is the major natural enemy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 1990

This study was devised to observe the cytotoxic activities of garlic extracts against various cancer cells, that is, murine leukemic lymphocyte(L1210 and P388) and human rectal(HRT-18) and colon cancer cells(HCT-48 and HT-29) in vitro, and murine ascitic tumor cell(S-180) in vivo. Each cell-line except S-180 was cultured in medium containing serial concentration of the garlic extract in vitro. Inhibitory effect n the growth rate of the cancer cells was stronger in extracts of petroleum ether than that of ethanol. A lipid soluble compound in the extracts of garlic was cytocidal to murine leukemic cells, human rectal and colon cancer cells in vitro. The growth rates of the cancer cells in medium containing garlic extracts were inhibited gradually to a significant degree in proportion to the increase of the extract concentration. The cytotoxic activity of garlic active fraction from TLC was about 2.3 times more potent than that of crude garlic extract, one unit of cytotoxic activity against L1210 cells being equivalent to 4.2$\mu\textrm{g}$ and 1.8$\mu\textrm{g}$ from the crude garlic and active fraction, respectively. The Rf value of the active fraction on silica-gel TLC was 0.18 in condition that petroleum ether/ethyl ether/acetic acid mixture(90:10:1, v/v/v) was used as a developing solvent. The survival times of mice inoculated with S-180 cells were extended about 1.5 to 2 times in the groups treated with garlic extract(through i.p. and oral administration) compared with their control group(no garlic extract treatment). Observations were carried out on S-180. Ethanol extracts of garlic injured markedly tumor cells within 3 hours after injection.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.199-208
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• 1992

These studies were carried out to investigate optimal physological conditions for in vitro fertilization (IVF) of mouse ova. The unfertilized ova were obtained by superovulation from ICR mice of 4 to 6 weeks old. Tyrode's 280 solution was used as basal media, and pH and osmolality of basal media were adjusted with the supplementation of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride, respectively. The optimal pH, and osmolality of culture media and the optimum period of sperm preincubation were examined in fertilization in vitro of mouse ova and the subsequent culture in vitro of embryos. The pH range of media examined was designed from 6.5 to 7.5 with 0.2 interval and the range of osmolality from 250 to 370 mOsm with 20 interval, and the period of sperm preincubation examined was 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. The ova developed to 2-cell embryosafter 26hrs. of incubation with preincubated sperm were evaluated as in vitro fertilized ones. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The percentage of in vitro fertilized ova was highest (64.7%) in media of pH 7.1 and lowest (38.0%) in pH 6.7. No significant difference in % fertilized ova was found from the media of pH 7.1 to 7.5. Compared with the result from pH 7.1 medium, the pollyspermy was increased signifciantly (p<0.05) in the media of pH over 7.5 and below 6.9;, and the % degenerated ova was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the media of pH below 6.9. 2. The percentage of in vitro fertilized ova was highest (69.4%) in media of osmolality 330 mOsm and lowest (47.9%) in osmolality 250 mOsm. No significant difference in % fertilized ova was found from the media of osmolality 310 to 350 mOsm. Compared with the result from osmolality 330 mOsm in medium, the polyspermy aws increased significantly(p<0.05) in the media of osmolality over 350 mosmol and blow 290 mOsm, and the % degenerated ova was significantly (P<0.05) increased in the media of osmolality below 290 mOsm. 3. The percentate of in vitro fertlilized ova was highest (62.7%) in media of period sperm preincubation 180 min. and lowest (40.4%) in sperm preincubation 30 minutes. No significant difference in % fertilized ova was found from the media of sperm preincubation 120 to 180 minutes. Compared with the result from sperm preincubation 180 minutes in medium, the polyspermy was low differ no significantly(P<0.05) in the media of period sperm preincubation, and the % degenerated ova was signifciantly(P<0.05) increased in the media of sperm presincubation below 60 minutes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2006

Ethanol abuse is associated with liver injury, neurotoxicity, modulation of immune responses, and increased risk for cancer, whereas moderate ethanol consumption exerts protective effects against liver injury. However, the underlying signal transduction mechanisms of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) which play an important regulatory role in various metabolism mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the effects of ethanol-induced p42/44 activity on IGF-I secretion, IGF-I receptor and IGFBP-1 secretion using radioimmunoassay and western blotting in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. The p42/44 activity, IGF-I secretion and IGF-I receptor activity significantly accelerated compared to control at 10 and 30 min after 200 mM ethanol treatment, but then it became suppressed at 180 min. In contrast, IGFBP-1 secretion was inhibited compared to control at 30 min after 200 mM ethanol treatment, but increased at 180 min. The IGF-I secretion, IGF-I receptor and p42/44 activity at 30 min after 200 mM ethanol treatment accelerated with increasing ethanol concentration but IGFBP-1 secretion inhibited (p<0.05). The increased IGF-I secretion, inhibited IGFBP-1 secretion and IGF-IR activity by ethanol-induced temporal p42/44 activity at 30 min after ethanol treatment was blocked by treatment with PD98059. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) inhibitor, 4-methylpyramazole blocked the changes of IGF-I secretion, IGFBP-1 secretion, and IGF-IR activity by ethanol-induced p42/44 activity at 30 and 180 min. Taken together, these results suggest that ethanol is involved in the modulation of IGF-I and IGFBP-1 secretion and IGF-IR activity by p42/44 activity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. In addition, changing of p42/44 activity by ethanol was caused with ADH.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.128-135
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• 1999

Among oil-degrading microorganisms isolated from oil-polluted industrial areas, one yeast strain showed high degradation activity of aliphatic hydrocarbons. From the analyses of 18S rRNA sequences, fatty acid, coenzyme Q system, G+C content of DNA, and biochemical characteristics, the strain was identified as Yarrowia lipolytica 180. Y. lipolytica 180 degraded 94% of aliphatic hydrocarbons in minimal salts medium containing 0.2% (v/v) of Arabian light crude oil within 3 days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Optimal growth conditions for temperature, pH, NaCl concentration, and crude oil concentration were 30$^{\circ}C$, pH 5-7, 1%, and 2% (v/v), respectively. Y. lipolytica 180 reduced surface tension when cultured on hydrocarbon substrates (1%, v/v), and the measured values of the surface tension were in the range of 51 to 57 dynes/cm. Both the cell free culture broth and cell debris of Y. lipolytica 180 were capable of emulsifying 2% (v/v) crude oil by itself. They were also capable of degrading crude oil (2%). The strain showed a cell surface hydrophobicity higher than 90%, which did not require hydrocarbon substrates for its induction. These results suggest that Y. lipolytica has high oil-degrading activity through its high emulsifying activity and cell hydrophobicity, and further indicate that the cell surface is responsible for the metabolism of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2003

Immunostimulating effects of lactic acid bacteria as biological response modifier is a subject of growing interest, but the knowledge of these focused on some bacteria as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In this study, we investigated the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus EROM101 on the immunostimulating and anti-cancer activity in murine model. P. pentosaceus was mainly found in Kimchi and fermented sea food and is facultatively anaerobic, catalase-netative, gram-positive cocci arranged in pairs, tetrads and clusters. The immunostimulating effects of P. pentosaceus EROM101 were evaluated using IgA production assay of Peyer's patch and proliferation assay of exudated immune cells of Balb/C mice fed P. pentosaceus EROM101 for 3 weeks. The macrophage and splenocyte proliferation were enhanced by orally administrated of P. pentosaceus EROM101. Also, IgA production in Peyer's patch increased by P. pentosaceus EROM101. Anti-cancer activity of P. pentosaceus EROM101 was appeared in Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing ICR mice. However, this bacterium lysate itself appeared to have noncytotoxic substance against Sarcoma 180 cell in vitro. These results suggested that P. pentosaceus EROM101 reinforce immune system and therefore was revealed to be anti-cancer activity in mice.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2014

The effects of pH and oxygen back-flushing were investigated in hybrid process of ceramic microfiltration and PES (polyethersulfone) beads loaded with titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) photocatalyst for advanced drinking water treatment in viewpoints of membrane fouling resistance ($R_f$), permeate flux (J), and total permeate volume ($V_T$). As increasing pH, $R_f$ decreased and J increased. Finally the maximum $V_T$ could be acquired at pH 9. Treatment efficiencies of turbidity was almost same independent of pH. Treatment efficiency of dissolved organic matters (DOM) decreased as increasing pH. As results of comparing the oxygen and nitrogen back-flushing, $R_{f,180}$ at oxygen back-flushing was the lower than that at nitrogen back-flushing, and the dimensionless final permeate flux ($J_{180}/J_0$) by initial permeate flux ($J_0$) at oxygen back-flushing was maintained the higher than that at nitrogen back-flushing except 10 and 12 min of back-flushing period (FT). Treatment efficiency of turbidity at oxygen back-flushing was a little higher than that at nitrogen back-flushing. Treatment efficiency of the DOM at nitrogen back-flushing was the higher than that at oxygen back-flushing. Also, treatment efficiency of turbidity at saturated oxygen was similar with those of oxygen and nitrogen back-flushing, but the treatment efficiency of DOM was increased significantly because OH radical could be generated by reaction between saturated oxygen and photocatalyst.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.606-614
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• 1998

In this study, biodegradation rate of Arabian light crude oil by mixed cultures of selected petroleum-degraders was determined. Their modes of hydrocarbon uptake were then observed to determine whether there are differences in biodegradation rate by the mixed cultures. By the mixed cultures of petroleum-degraders having same modes of hydrocarbon uptake, such as strain US1 and K1 (using pseudo-solubilized hydrocarbons by a biosurfactants), K2-2 and P1(using hydrocarbons by direct contact), CL 180 and IC-10 (mixed type of uptake modes), the biodegradation rates of aliphatics in the crude oil were increased more than those by their pure cultures, about 40%, 25% and 20%, respectively. Biodegradation rate of strain KH3-2 (using only water- dissolved hydrocarbons) was increased by mixed cultures with strain K1, CL180 or IC-10 possessing high emulsifying activity. However, the biodegradation rate of the crude oil was decreased about 20%-40% by the mixed cultures of petroleum-degraders having different mode of hydrocarbon uptake, such as addition of strain US1 or K1 in the cultures of K2-2 or P1. Biosurfactants produced by US1 or K1 seems to enhance the emulsification of crude oil in aqueous phase but inhibit the attachment of K2-2 or P1 to crude oil. As same phenomena, the addition to Triton X-100 into the culture of strain US1, K1, CL180, IC-10 or KH3-2 increased the biodegradation rate, but the addition in the culture of strain K2-2 or P1 decreased the biodegradation rate. The mixed culture made of CL180, IC-10 and KH3-2 degraded 61.5% of aliphatics and 69% of aromatics in 3% (v/v) of Arabian light crude oil added.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.14 no.1_2
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• pp.1-14
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• 1970

Seventeen N,N/sup I/-disubstituted thiourea derivatives were synthesized by the Hugershof reaction and reported. Antitumor activities of the synthesized compounds against ascitic Ehrlich Carcinoma and ascitic sarcoma 180 were reported. It was found that 1,1/sup I/-(p-Phenylene)-3,3/sup I/-bis (2-carboxyphenyl)-2,2/sup I/-dithiourea was considerably active against ascitic Ehrlich Carcinoma and Sarcoma 180 respectively. 1-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)-2 thiourea was active against ascitic Sarcoma 180. 1-Salicyloyl-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)-2-thiourea and 1,1/sup I/-(p-Phenylene)-3,3/sup I/-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2/sup I/-dithiourea were active against ascitic Ehrlich Carcinoma. Antitubercular activities of the synthesized compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H/sub 37/ R/sub v/ were also reported. It was found that 1-Isonicotinyl-4-cyclohexyl-3-thiosemicarbazide was considerably active at 100 .mu.g/ml. 1,1/sup I/-(p-Phenylene)-3,3/sup I/-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2/sup I/-dithiourea and 1-Salicyloyl-3-(p-ethoxyphenyl)-2-thiourea were active at 1000 .mu.g/ml respectively. Antibacterial activities of nine compounds of the synthesized compounds against S. aureus and E. Coli were reported. It was found that 1,1-(p-Phenylene)-4,4/sup I/-bis(isonicotinyl)-2,2/sup I/-dithiosemicarbazide and 1-Isonicotinyl-4-cyclohexyl-3-thiosemicarbazide were considerably active against S. aureus and E. Coli respectively. 1-(6-Methyl-2-benzothiazolyl)-3-(1-naphthyl)-2-thiourea was active against S. aureus. 1,1/sup I/-(p-Phenylene)-3,3/sup I/-bis (2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2/sup I/-dithiourea was active against E. Coli.