• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1974

A practical method applicable to the synthesis of aromatic dihydrazines was proposed by reducing tetrazonium salt in strong mineral acid media. By diazotizing p-phenylenediamine with sodium nitrite in a medium of concentrated hydrochloric acid or 45 % perchloric acid at $-5 {\sim} -10{\circ}C$ and reducing the tetrazonium salt with stannous chloride, p-phenylenedihydrazine (PPDH) was separated in the form of hydrochloride as colorless fine needles. Since PPDH was subject to oxidation and unstable, the free base could not be isolated. PPDH${\cdot}$2HCl was decomposed at $^180{\circ}C$ without showing sharp melting point. It behaved largely as aromatic monohydrazines, and reacted immediately with aldehydes and ketones in acetate buffer, giving generally yellow to brownish condensation products, dihydrazones. This suggests that PPDH will react with dicarbonyl compounds producing high molecular polymers or cyclization products.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.321-327
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• 1985

Cultivation conditions for the production of extracellular alkaline protease by a nonpiamentation Serratia sp. and purification of the enzyme were studied. The maximum enzyme level was obtained at the beginning of stationary phase when the organism was cultured on brain heart infusion medium at $25^{\circ}C$ under aeration (gyratory shaking, 180 cycles/min). The enzyme was purified about 100 fold with 16.5％ yield by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography (1st and 2nd). The purified enzyme moved as a single symmetrical peak in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The enzyme demonstrated its maximum activity at pH 8.5-9.0 and 4$0^{\circ}C$ when vitamin-free casein was used as a substrate.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.701-710
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• 1993

The pine needles, Pinus densiflow Sieb. et Zucc., which is a feed for goats showing a low incidence rate of cancer were evaluated to confirm the potent anticancer effects, with or without several conventional anticancer drugs. The pine needles collected from Mt. Buk-Han located near Seoul were extracted with 95% methanol and methand and concentrated. From the methanol extract, SOM-A, was extracted dichlormethane and SOM-B was extracted with ethyl acetate. SOM-C was extracted with distilled water. These extracts were tested for their antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Among them, SOM-A and SOM-C exhibited potent antitumor activities described as belows. 1. The cytotoxic effects of SOM-A and SOM-C were examined against in vitro cultured murine and humman tumor cells. SOM-A showed strong cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines and SOM-C showed strong cytotoxicity against murine tumor cell lines tested. 2. The antitumor effects of SOM-A and SOM-C were examined against P388 and L1210 of mouse ascitic tumors. The highest mean survival time(MST) ration was 151%(P388) for SOM-C(90mg/kg). 3. To compare the antitumor effects of SOM-A, SOM-B, and SOM-C against solid tumors, S-180 and Ehrlich carcinoma were implanted subcutaneously to mice on Day O. The drugs were given intraperitoneally to mice once a day on Days 1-20, and the tumor weights were measured on Day 21. SOM-A showed inhibition of tumor growth more than 50% in the experiment on S-180 and Ehrlich, and SOM-C also markedly inhibited tumor growth. However, SOM-B had no effect. 4. SOM-C combined with ${\alpha}$-interferon and SOM-C combined with Mitomycin-C enhanced the antitumor activities against murine ascitic tumors P388 leukemia.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examine the radiolabeling and biodistribution of $^{188}Re(V)$-DMSA as a therapeutic cancer radiopharmaceutical. We made a DMSA kit($NaHCO_3$ 1.5 mg, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid 1.0 mg, L(+)-ascorbic acid 0.7 mg, $SnCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ 0.34 mg, pH 2.9) for labeling with $^{188}Re$. In this kit, $^{188}ReO_4{^-}$ 5 mCi/2 ml added and boiled at $100^{\circ}C$ for 3 hr in water bath. The final pH adjusted to 7.5 with 7% $NaHCO_3$ solution. We checked the labelling efficacy with TLC-SG(n-butanol : acetic acid : $H_2O$ = 3 : 2 : 3) and examined the stability both in room temperature and in serum at $37^{\circ}C$. Biodistribution(1, 3, 13, 24, 48 hr) of $^{188}Re(V)$-DMSA compound was evaluated in Sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing mice. Each labeling efficiency and stability at room temperature for 48 hours was over 98% and 95%, respectively. The stability in serum were 82%(6 hr) and 85%(48 hr). Tumor uptake of $^{188}Re(V)$-DMSA in Sarcoma 180-bearing mice were $0.66{\pm}0.15%$(1 hr), $0.51{\pm}0.10%$(3 hr), $0.19{\pm}0.05%$(24 hr) and $0.13{\pm}0.02%$(48 hr). These result are consistent with those of $^{99m}Tc(V)$-DMSA which were reported previously. In conclusion, $^{188}Re(V)$-DMSA may be a useful therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for treating some cancers and metastatic bone lesion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the influence of organizational justice and commitment on OCB(organizational citizenship behavior) of hospital nurses. Method: The subjects were 352 nurses who have been working in seven university hospitals. The data were collected by structured questionnaire from Feb. 12 to Mar. 5 of 2006. The data were analyzed by SPSS Win version 12.0, including descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean score of OCB was 3.53, distributive justice was 2.74, procedural justice was 2.73, and organizational commitment was 3.28. The OCB had statistically significant differences according to age(F=8.39, p<.000), tenure duration(F=6.53, p<.000), position(F=7.65, p<.000), marital status(t=5.82, p<.000), and religion(t=3.78, p<.000). The OCB was positively correlated with distributive justice(r=.147, p=.006), procedural justice(r=.180, p=.001), and transactional commitment(r=.115, p=.032). The procedural justice(10.6%) and transactional commitment(14.3%) explained 24.9% of the variance for OCB. Conclusion: The findings showed that organizational justice and commitment were important factors for enhancing OCB in nursing organization. Therefore, the nurse manager must establish the strategies to improve the organizational justice and commitment perception of the nurses in order to promote the OCB.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.931-939
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the enolization reaction and the antioxidant activity of caramelization products (CPs) obtained by caramelization browning of glucose and fructose solutions prepared at a pH ranging from 7.0 to 12.0 at varying temperatures ($80-180^{\circ}C$). The degradation of sugars rapidly increased at a high alkaline pH (10.0-12.0), and fructose degraded more rapidly than glucose (p<0.05). As the pH increased, the degree of sugar enolization was higher in fructose than in glucose. Browning and the formation of intermediate degradation products increased with the increase in heating temperatures. The browning development was dependent upon the type of sugar, and it was generally higher at alkaline pH than at neutral pH. The reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the CPs increased with the increase in browning and formation of large amounts of intermediates. Therefore, the CPs with pronounced antioxidant activity can be prepared by heating fructose or glucose solutions that have a very alkaline pH to high temperatures.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2005

Nano-sized iron was synthesized using borohydride reduction of $Fe^{3+}$ in aqueous solution. A wide range of synthesis conditions including varying concentrations of reagents, reagent feeding rate, and solution pH was applied in an aqueous system under anaerobic condition. The reactivity of nano-sized iron from each synthesis was evaluated by reacting the iron with TCE in batch systems. Evidence obtained from this study suggest the reactivity of iron is strongly dependent on the synthesis solution pH. The iron reactivity increased as solution pH decreased. More rapid TCE reduction was observed for iron samples synthesized from higher initial $Fe^{3+}$ concentration, which resulted in lower solution pH during the synthesis reaction. Faster feeding of $BH_4^-$ solution to the $Fe^{3+}$ solution resulted in lower synthesis solution pH and the resultant iron samples gave higher TCE reduction rate. Lowering the pH of the solution after completion of the synthesis reaction significantly increased reactivity of iron. It is presumed that the increase in the reactivity of iron synthesized at lower pH is due to less precipitation of iron (hydr)oxides or less surface passivation of iron.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• 제25권4호통권99호
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• pp.348-355
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• 1994

An antitumor component, F-D-P, was purified from the hot water extract of the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata by precipitation with ethanol, dialysis, and passage through a column of DEAE-cellulose ion exchange. F-D-P inhibited the growth of Sarcoma 180 in mice showing the tumor inhibition ratio of 88.3% in doses of 20 mg/kg for ten days. Chemical analysis of F-D-P showed that it was composed of polysaccharide(65.3%) and protein(6.5%0, and that the monosaccharides consisting of the polysaccharide was glucose(89.1%) and mannose(10.9%). The immunomodulatory activities of F-D-P were explored by determining its effect on the proliferation of the whole and subpopulations of lymphocytes, and on the generation of natural killer(NK) cell activity in vitro. F-D-P was mitogenic to total lymphocytes and B cells, but not to purified T cells, even in the presence of accessory cells. F-D-P did not increase NK cell activity when added to cultures of resting lymphocytes. From these results, it is clear that F-D-P modulates primarily the humoral immune responeses.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the health promotion behavior(HPB) of the labor workers at the cement manufacturing company based on the Health Promotion Model by Pender(1996). Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from 180 blue workers at the 2 cement factories under the permission of data collection and cooperation with managers in the factories. For data analysis, Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, Multiple regression with SPSS/PC + 10.0 version were used. The results were as follows: 1. The average scores for the HPB, consisted of 6 subdimensions was 2.74. The highest mean score was 2.88 in 'Exercise' and the lowest on was 2.58 'Responsibility of health'. 2. The score of the HPB was statistically different according to educational level(p<.00l), perceived health status(p<.00l) and satisfaction of working environment(p<.05). 3. HPB was positively related to age(p<.05), perceived health status(p<.00l), job satisfaction(p<.05), and satisfaction of working environment(p<.05), while it showed negative correlation with educational level(p<.01). 4. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, factors affecting HPB were perceived health status and education level explained 20.3% of variance. From this research findings, we need to different approach in develop health promotion program of Cement manufacturing company workers and focusing on improvement to job satisfaction and satisfaction of working environment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.457-465
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• 1989

Guar gum, a storage polysaccharide galactomannan was administered to 11 patients with type-II diabetes mellitus for 7 days and 3 weeks. They took 5 grams of guar gum 30 mins before each of three meals daily. The dinner 2-h postprandial values of their blood glucose were significantly lowered (P<0.05) after their guar treatment for 7 days compared with before taking guar gum. The 2-h postprandial values of blood glucose were significantly lowered(P<0.05) after 3 weeks of gual treatment compared with before taking guar gum. In an oral glucose tolerance test, their blood glucose values were significantly lowered at 120 mins(P<0.02) and 180 mins(P<0.05) after guar treatment. Total-lipid(P<0.01) and triglycerides(P<0.02) of their blood were significantly decreased and HDL-cholesterol(P<0.02) was significantly increased after guar treatment. HbA1C was significantly reduced (P<0.05) from 11.3% to 10.1% The body weight, total-cholesterol and insulin activity of the patients after guar treatment were not significantly changed and the satiety ratings of the patients with guar treatment was not significantly changed and the satiety ratings of the patients with guar treatment was not significantly changed, however, the subjects that answered from 'Want to eat but can wait' to 'No desire to eat' were 81.1%. It is concluded that guar gum improves their carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Korean type-II diabetic subjects with high fiber diets.