• 제목/요약/키워드: P.W.M.

검색결과 2,848건 처리시간 0.039초

Electrical characteristics of an optically controlled N-channel Si-MOSFET for possible application to OEICs on Si substrate

  • 백강현;임석진;임광만;김동명
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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    • pp.351-354
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    • 1998
  • In this paper, electrical characteristics of an n-channel Si MOSFET with L$_{s}$=0.6.mu.m under optical illumination are charaterized on wafer. Energetic photons with .gamma.=830nm, hv=1.494eV, P$_{opt}$=300mW are injected near the drain junction, the most photoresponsive region in the device, via optical fiber. We observed significantly increased drain current and transconductance, which is considered to be useful for the implementation of OEICs on silicon substrate, under optical control with P$_{opt}$=300mW. Optical power-dependent physical mechanisms responsible for the variation of electrical characteristics under optical input are also reported.d.d.d.

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피부에서 분리한 Staphylococcus aureus JJ-11이 생산하는 collagenase의 정제 및 특성 (Purification and Characterization of Collagenase Produced by Staphylococcus aureus JJ-11 Isolated from the Human Skin)

  • 이진경;김해남;강호영;전홍기
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.245-252
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    • 2006
  • 피부 트러블을 가진 남,여 40명의 피부에서 분리한 collagenase를 생산하는 균주를 분리, 동정한 결과 Staphylococcus aureus로 판명되었으며 이를 S. aureus JJ-11이라 명명하였다. S. aurells JJ-11 균주의 collagenase의 최적 생산 조건은 1.5%(w/v) gelatin, 1%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.4% (w/v) $K_2HPO_4$, 0.005%(w/v) $NiSO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$를 함유한 배지 (pH 7.0)에서 $37^{\circ}C$, 200 rpm으로 18시간 동안 배양하는 것이다. 분리 균주가 생산하는 collagenase를 정제하기 위해서 amberlite IRA-900과 sephacryl S-300 HR columns를 이용하였고, 6.66-folds로 정제되었다. S. allreus JJ-11 균주가 생산하는 collagenase를 정제한 결과 분자량은 약 62 kDa이었으며, pH 7.0과 $37^{\circ}C$에서 각각 최대의 활성을 가졌고, pH와 온도에 대한 안정성은 pH 4.0-8.0, $40^{\circ}C$까지 100%의 활성이 있었다. 금속이온에 대해서는 $Fe^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ba^{2+}$ 존재 하에서는 5 mM 농도에서도 활성을 유지하였다. $Sr^{2+},\;Hg^{2+}$에서는 30% 이상이 저해를 받는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 EDTA와 O-phenanthroline에 의해 65% 이상이 저해되는 일 반적인 collagenase의 특정인 metalloproteinase의 특정을 보였으며, 그리고, 여러 가지 기절에 대해 효소활성을 비교한 결과, insoluble collagen (type I)에 대해 효소 활성이 가장 높았다.

Induction and Inhibition of CYP1A Gene Expression and Steroidogenesis in Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Exposed to Tributyltin and Benzo[a]pyrene

  • Jung Jee-Hyun;Yim Un-Hyuk;Jeon Joong-Kyun;Lee Ji-Seon;Kim Dae-Jung;Han Chang-Hee;Shim Won-Joon
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.64-69
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    • 2006
  • Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A) gene expression in the liver and sex steroid levels in plasma were investigated in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to tributyltin (TBT) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). We constructed a cDNA library and cloned a 230-base sequence encoding partial CYP1A DNA. The CYP1A gene expression level was estimated using northern blotting. Hepatic CYP1A mRNA levels in fish injected with BaP at 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) increased for 48 h after injection. However, fish injected with both BaP and TBT at 10 mg/kg b.w. showed no significant changes in CYP1A mRNA level after 48 h. Plasma concentrations of testosterone and $17{\beta}$-estradiol were not significantly different in males and females injected with BaP and TBT. We suggest that TBT-induced suppression of BaP bioactivity should be interpreted with caution in biomonitoring field studies.

ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GUINEA GRASS (Panicum maximum, Jacq.) AS AFFECTED BY GROWTH STAGE

  • Ibrahim, M.N.M.;Premaratne, S.;Perera, H.G.D.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.123-128
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    • 1989
  • An experiment was conducted to study the effect of frequency of defoliation on the ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of Guineaecotype 'A' (Panicum maximum Jacq) grass. Guinea grass harvested at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12-week cutting intervals was chopped (2 cm) and ensiled alone or with the addition of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) meal (w/w-fresh weight basis), for periods of 6, 7 or 8 weeks in 2-litre laboratory silos. Dry matter, water soluble carbohydrates, lactic acid, pH, ash, nitrogen and digestibility in vitro were measured in representative samples of preensiled and ensiled material. Dry matter content of silages prepared from herbage harvested at 2 and 3 weeks intervals was lower (P<0.05) compared to longer defoliation intervals. The pH of silage prepared from herbage over 8 weeks old were higher (P<0.05) than those harvested below 8 weeks. The water soluble carbohydrate content of silage prepared from 3-weekly defoliated herbage was higher (P<0.05) than those prepared from longer periods. Lengthened growth period decreased (P<0.001) the crude protein content of the ensiled material, whereas the addition of coconut meal resulted in marginal increases. In vitro organic matter digestibility of the silages decreased (P<0.05) with the increase in forage maturity.

Ag 코팅한 W-Ag 전기접점/Cu 모재간의 브레이징 접합 특성 (Brazing Adhesion Properties of Ag Coated W-Ag Electric Contact on the Cu Substrate)

  • 강현구;강윤성;이재성
    • 한국분말재료학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.18-24
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    • 2006
  • The brazing adhesion properties of Ag coated W-Ag electric contact on the Cu substrate have been investigated in therms of microstructure, phase equilibrium and adhesion strength. Precoating of Ag layer ($3{\mu}m$ in thickness) on the $W-40\%Ag$ contact material was done by electro-plating method. Subsequently the brazing treatment was conducted by inserting BCuP-5 filler metal (Ag-Cu-P alloy) layer between Ag coated W-Ag and Cu substrate and annealing at $710^{\circ}C$ in $H_2$ atmosphere. The optimum brazing temperature of $710^{\circ}C$ was semi-empirically calculated on the basis of the Cu atomic diffusion profile in Ag layer of commercial electric contact produced by the same brazing process. As a mechanical test of the electric contact after brazing treatment the adhesion strength between the electric contact and Cu substrate was measured using Instron. The microstructure and phase equilibrium study revealed that the sound interlayer structure was formed by relatively low brazing treatment at $710^{\circ}C$. Thin Ag electro-plated layer precoated on the electric contact ($3{\mu}m$ in thickness) is thought to be enough for high adhesion strength arid sound microstructure in interface layer.

난백분말과 유제품을 이용한 요구르트의 제조 (The Preparation of Yogurt from Egg White Powder and Milk Products)

  • 고영태
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.546-554
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구에서는 난백분말 3% (w/v)와 포도당 2% (w/v)에 4종의 유제품 4% (w/v)를 각각 첨가하여 기질을 만들고 젖산균(Lactobacillus)으로 발효하여 호상의 요구르트를 만든 후, 첨가된 유제품이 젖산균의 생육과 산생성 및 요구르트의 품질(관능성, 휘발성 향기 성분)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. L. acidophilus로 24시간 발효된 시료의 경우, 산도는 우유 시료(대조군)에 비하여 유제품 첨가 시료가 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05), 유제품 첨가 시료 가운데는 카제인 시료의 산도가 가장 낮았다. 생균수는 우유 시료가 $2.0{\times}10^{9}/mL$인데 비하여 유제품 첨가 시료는 $5.0{\times}10^{8}{\sim}8.0{\times}10^{8}/mL$으로 현저하게 낮았다. L. acidophilus로 16.5시간 발효시켜 만든 호상요구르트의 관능성을 보면, 전반적인 기호도는 우유요구르트(표준시료)보다 유제품 첨가 시료가 저조하였으나 카제인 시료의 경우는 표준시료와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며(p<0.05), 유제품 첨가 시료 중에서는 유청 시료의 관능성이 가장 저조하였다. 본 실험에서 사용된 L. acidophilus (KCTC 2182)는 시료에 따라서 다소 차이가 있으나 발효 과정에 acetone, ethanol, diacetyl, acetoin을 생성하였다.

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Core-Collapse Supernovae in Spiral Galaxy M74 and the Hubble Constant

  • Jang, In Sung;Lee, Myung Gyoon
    • 천문학회보
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.68.1-68.1
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    • 2014
  • M74 is a nearby face-on spiral galaxy that hosts three core-collapse supernovae (SNe) : SN Ic 2002ap, SN II-P 2003gd, and SN II-P 2013ej. Therefore it is an ideal target to investigate the properties of the core-collapse SNe and to improve the calibration of Type II-P SNe as a standardizable candle. However, its distance is not well known. We present a new distance estimate to M74 based on the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB). From the photometry of archival F555W and F814W images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope, we derive the TRGB to be at $ITRGB=26.13{\pm}0.02$ and the distance modulus to be $30.04{\pm}0.04$ (random) ${\pm}0.12$ (systematic) (corresponding to a linear distance, $10.19{\pm}0.14{\pm}0.56Mpc$). With this result, we calibrate the standardized candle method of SNe II-P. From the absolute magnitude of SN 2003gd corrected for its expansion velocity and reddening, we derive the value of the Hubble constant, $H0=72{\pm}6{\pm}7km\;s-1\;Mpc-1$. It is in agreement with the uncertainty with the recent estimates based on the luminosity calibration of Type Ia SNe.

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Salmonella typhi KNIH100으로부터 aroD 유전자의 클로닝과 염기서열 분석 (Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of the aroD Gene from Salmonella typhi KNIHI100)

  • 길영식;전형규;신희정;김영창
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.187-191
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    • 2000
  • 장티푸스는 Salmonella typhi 에 의해 유발되는 장감염성 질환으로 사람과 동물에 공통되는 질병이다. 본 연구에서는 기 보고된Salmonella typhi KNH100의 염색체 DNA로부 터 방향족 아미노산의 생합성에 관여하는 효소인 3-dehydroquinate hydratase(3- dehydroquinate)를 암호화하는 aroD 유전자를 포함하는 약 3.2 kb의 Sal I 절편을 pSAL62 이라 명명하였다. 클로닝된 재조합 plasmid인 pSAL61에는 ATG 개시코돈과 TGA 종결코돈 을 포함하는 759 염기로 구성된 aroD 유전자가 위치하고 있었다. 또한 S. typhi Ty2, Shigella dysenteriae, 그리고 Escherichia coli 등 다른 장내 세균의 aroD 유전자와 상동성을 비교하여 본 결과 각각 90%, 72.7% 그리고 73%의 상동성을 나타내었다.

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