• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.109-112
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• 2014

H.264/AVC is an international video coding standard that is established in cooperation with ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG, which shows improved code and efficiency than the previous video standards. Motion estimation using various macroblock from 44 to 1616 among the compression techniques of H.264/AVC contributes much to high compression efficiency. Generally, in the case of small motion vector or low complexity about P slice is decided $P16{\times}16$ mode encoding method. But according to circumstances, macroblock is decided $P16{\times}16$ mode despite large motion vector. If the motion vector variance is more than threshold and final select mode is $P16{\times}16$ mode, it is switched to $P8{\times}8$ mode, so this paper shows that the storage capacity is reduced. The results of experiment show that the proposed algorithm increases the compression efficiency of the H.264/AVC algorithm to 0.4%, even reducing the time and without increasing complexity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1552-1559
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• 2011

Real time PCR was used in this study to determine the effect of triticale dried distillers grains with solubles (TDDGS) as a replacement for grain or barley silage in finishing diets on the presence of six classical ruminal bacterial species (Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, Selenomonas ruminantium, Streptococcus bovis, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella ruminicola and Fibrobacter succinogenes) within the rumen contents of feedlot cattle. This study was divided into a step-wise adaptation experiment (112 days) that examined the effects of adaptation to diets containing increasing levels of TDDGS up to 30% (n = 4), a short-term experiment comparing animals (n = 16) fed control, 20%, 25% or 30% TDDGS diets over 28 days, and a rapid transition experiment (56 days) where animals (n = 4) were rapidly switched from a diet containing 30% TDDGS to a barley-based diet with no TDDGS. It was found that feeding TDDGS as replacement for barley grain (control vs. 20% TDDGS) decreased 16S rRNA copy numbers of starch-fermenting S. ruminantium and S. bovis (p<0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively), but did not alter 16S rRNA copy numbers of the other rumen bacteria. Furthermore, feeding TDDGS as a replacement barley silage (20% vs. 25% and 30% TDDGS) increased 16S rRNA copy numbers of S. ruminantium, M. elsdenii and F. succinogenes (p<0.001; p = 0.03 and p<0.001, respectively), but decreased (p<0.001) the 16S rRNA copy number of P. ruminicola. Upon removal of 30% TDDGS and return to the control diet, 16S rRNA copy numbers of S. ruminantium, M. elsdenii and F. succinogenes decreased (p = 0.01; p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), but S. dextrinosolvens and S. bovis increased (p = 0.04 and p = 0.009, respectively). The results suggest that replacement of TDDGS for grain reduces 16S rRNA copy numbers of starch-fermenting bacteria, whereas substitution for barley silage increases 16S rRNA copy numbers of bacteria involved in fibre digestion and the metabolism of lactic acid. This outcome supports the contention that the fibre in TDDGS is highly fermentable.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1089-1093
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• 1995

The p-xylyl radical has been produced in a jet from the precursor p-xylene with a corona excited supersonic expansion. Rotationally cooled vibronic emission spectra in the transition of 12A2→12B2 of the p-xylyl radical have been recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The spectra were analyzed on the basis of the known vibrational frequencies and the bandshapes given by the rotational selection rules.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the core muscle strength enhancement of the elderly on 8 weeks training using the core exercise equipment for the elderly on the ability to control the whole-body center of mass in posture stabilization. Method: 16 females (10 exercise group, 6 control group) participated in this study. Exercise group took part in the core strength training program for 8 weeks with total of 16 repetitions (2 repetitions per week) using a training device. External perturbation during standing as pulling force applied at the pelvic level in the anterior direction was provided to the subject. In a UCM model, the controller selects within the space of elemental variables a subspace (a manifold, UCM) corresponding to a value of a performance variable that needs to be stabilized. In the present study, we were interested in how movements of the individual segment center of mass (elemental variables) affect the whole-body center of mass (the performance variable) during balance control. Results: At the variance of task-irrelevant space, there was significant $test^*$ group interactions ($F_{1,16}=7.482$, p<.05). However, there were no significant main effect of the test ($F_{1,16}=.899$, p>.05) and group ($F_{1,16}=1.039$, p>.05). At the variance of task-relevant space, there was significant $test^*$ group interactions ($F_{1,16}=7.382$, p<.05). However, there were no significant main effect of the test ($F_{1,16}=.754$, p>.05) and group ($F_{1,16}=1.106$, p>.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the 8 weeks training through the core training equipment for the elderly showed a significant decrease in the $Vcm_{TIR}$ and $Vcm_{TR}$. This result indicates that the core strength training affects the trunk stiffness control strategy to maintain balance in the standing position by minimizing total variability of individual segment CMs.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 P2P 환경에서 허위 데이터를 감축할 수 있는 FDR(False Data Reduction) 정책을 제안한다. 이 정책의 특징은 사용자가허위 데이터를 인지하게 되면 그 파일을 다운로드중인 다른 피어 들에게 그 데이터 삭제를 요청한다. 또한 허위 데이터를 다운로드 중인 피어 들에게 이를 통보함으로써 허위 데이터를 다운로드하지 않도록 하고, P2P환경에 퍼지지 않도록 허위 데이터를 삭제한다. 또한 이러한 모든 과정은 어떠한 검색 서버도 요구되지 않고 오직 피어들 간에 정보 교환으로 이루어지기 때문에 검색 서버가 필요하지 않은 순수 P2P모델에 적용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 시뮬레이션을 통하여 FDR 정책이 네트워크 트래픽을 줄이는데 효과적임을 보인다. 임으로써 유효 데이터의 평균전송시간을 단축할 수 있음을 보인다. 그 결과 허위 데이터 비율에 따른 유효 데이터의 평균전송시간을 9.78~16.84% 단축함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7077-7084
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• 2015

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy among males in India. While tobacco and alcohol are main aetiological factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) presence has surprisingly increased in head and neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in the past two decade but its frequency in OSCCS is still uncertain. We aim to explore the frequency of HPV and its major genotypes in North Indian patients and their association with clinicopathological and histopathological features and p16 expression pattern. Materials and Methods: The study group comprised 250 histologically proven cases of OSCC. HPV was detected by real time PCR in tumor biopsy specimens and confirmed by conventional PCR with PGMY09/PGMY11 primers. Genotyping for high-risk types 16/18 was conducted by type specific PCR. p16 expression was assessed by immunohistochemsitry. Results: HPV presence was confirmed in 23/250 (9.2%) OSCC cases, of which 30.4% had HPV 16 infection, 17.4%were positive for HPV 18 and 26.1% had co-infections. HPV presence was significantly associated with male gender (p=0.02) and habit of pan masala chewing (p=0.01). HPV positive cases also had a history of tobacco consumption in 91.3% cases. p16 over expression was observed in 39.1% of HPV positive cases but this was not significantly different from negative cases (p=0.54). Conclusions: The frequency of HPV in OSCC is low in North-India and majority of cases are associated with a tobacco habit. It appears that tobacco shows a confounding effect in HPV positive cases and use of p16 protein as a reliable marker to assess the potential etiological role of HPV in OSCC in our population is not suggested.

• 약학회지
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• 제12권3_4호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1968

Silica gel column chromatography of the ether extract of the root of Angelica Koreana $M_{AXIMOWICZ}$ (Umbelliferae) gave five kinds of crystalline products of coumarin. The following kinds of furocoumarins were identified by UV, IR, NMR spectra and physico-chemical tests. iso-imperatorin m.p. 108-$109^{\circ}$ $C_{16}H_{14}O_{4}$ oxypeucedanin m.p. 142-$143^{\circ}$ $C_{16}H_{14}O_{5}$ prangolarine m.p. 104-$105^{\circ}$ $C_{16}H_{14}O_{5}$ imperatorin m.p. 100-$101^{\circ}$ $C_{16}H_{14}O_{4}$ These analyses also showed that white needles m.p. 129-$130^{\circ}$ were likely to be a furocoumarin. Besides, the methanol extract of the root was found to contain sucrose.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.71-73
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• 1995

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1244-1246
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• 1995

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1993

밭토양(土壤)에서 비료(肥料)의 장기(長期) 연용(連用)이 대맥(大麥)의 생육(生育) 및 수량(收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코자 미사질(微砂質) 식양토(埴壤土)인 우평통(牛坪統)에 무비(無肥), P.K, N.K, N.P 및 N.P.K구(區)를 처리(處理)하여 1975~1990년(年)까지 16년간(年間)의 년차간(年次間) 수량변화(收量變化), 16년차(年次) 수확기(收穫期) 식물체(植物體) 부위별(部位別) 양분흡수량(養分吸收量) 및 토양성질(土壤性質) 변화(變化)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 삼요소(三要素) 대조구(對照區)에 비(比)하여 각요소(各要素) 결제구(缺除區)의 수량감수정도(收量減收程度)는 P.K$P_2O_5$와 $K_2O$ 흡수량(吸收量)이 전처리중(全處理中) 가장 적었고 특(特)히 N와 $K_2O$의 흡수이용률(吸收利用率)은 부(負)의 수치(數値)를 보였다. 4. 시험후(試驗後) 토양분석결과(土壤分析結果) N.K 처리구(處理區)에서 토양(土壤) pH가 매우 낮았고, 또한 토양중(土壤中) $P_2O_5$, Ca, Mg 함량(含量)은 매우 적었으며, 16년간(年間) 평균토양중(平均土壤中) 인산(燐酸) 및 고토함량(苦土含量)과 대맥수량(大麥收量)과는 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였으나, 16년차(年次) 시험(試驗) 후(後) 토양중(土壤中) $NO_3-N$ 함량(含量)은 매우많은 반면(反面) 식물체(植物體) 질소(窒素) 및 기타(其他) 성분(成分) 흡수량(吸收量)은 매우 적었다.