• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1985

Isolates of the different species groups of Trichoderma from the mushroom culture beds were identified according to Rifai's classification and influence of antibiotics produced by them against the oyster mushroom was examined. Trichoderma islolates were identified as Trichoderma hamatum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma koningii. Among the Trichoderma isolates, fungistatic action of Trichoderma viride was found to be most remarkable. Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus sajor-caju were the most susceptable of the edible mushrooms tested, followed by Lentinus edodes, Flammulina velutipes and Auricularia auricula. A needle-shaped crystal gained from the chloroform extract of the culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride repressed distinctively the mycelial growth of the oyster mushroom. The grade of repression of the crystal at 500ppm and 1/10 aequ­ous solution of the chloroform extract against the oyster mushroom, seemed equal to that of cycloheximide at $100{\sim}200ppm$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 1985

The studies were carried out to obtain the basic data for maximizing the protoplast yields from the mycelia of P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju. Some factors affecting the regeneration of the protoplast of both species and the productivity of their reversion were also examined. The maximum yields of protoplasts were obtained from four days cultured mycelia of both species on cellophan membrane placed on the surface of PSA or MCM media in a petri dish. The optimal concentration of lytic enzyme Novozym 234 for protoplast releasing was 5 mg per ml of 0.5 M phosphate buffer solution with 0.6 M sucrose or 0.6 M $MgSO_4$ at pH 6.0. The greatest number of protoplasts was released 3 hours after incubation of the mycelia of P. ostreatus and after 4 hours for the P. sajor-caju in the lytic enzyme solution. Among the osmotic stabilizer solutions tested 0.6 M sucrose and 0.6 M KCl showed the best regeneration rates of the protoplasts of both species. When 0.75 % agar solution was over-layed on the regeneration media immediately after inoculation of the protoplast the regeneration rates were greatly enhanced. The ampicillin added to the agar solution prevented bacteria from infection. The reverted isolates produced the sporophores and basidial spores just like their parents without any mutations when they were cultivated in a broad mouth bottle with sawdust substrates.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

Twelve URP primers were used to assess genetic characteristics of oyster mushroom including 59 Pleurotsu ostreatus cultivars, two of P. florida cultivars, one P. sajor-caju cultivars, one P. abalonus cultivar and two P. eryngii cultivars registered in Korea. Six URP primers produced PCR polymorphic bands within and between the Pleurotus species. Primer URP2F produced distinct cultivar specific PCR polymorphic bands that profiled to 15 cultivar types. PCR polymorphic bands amplified by URP2F, URP6R, URP4R and URP2R were used for UPGMA cluster analysis. Fifty nine cultivars of Pleurotus ostreatus are genetically clustered into 5 groups, showing genetic similarity over 70% among them and P. abalonus. P. eryngii and P. sajor-caju, were involved in outside groups.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 1987

Nutritional characteristics and cultural conditions for trehalose synthesis and mycelial yield of Pleurotus sajor-caju and Pleurotus ostreatus 201 in submerged culture were investigated. The results were as follows: Among the carbon sources, glucose was most excellent for trehalose synthesis and mycelial yield. The optimal concentration of glucose was 1%. Among the nitrogen sources, peptone was most excellent for trehalose synthesis and mycelial yield. The optimal concentration of peptone was 0.05%. The optimal concentration of $KH_2PO_4$ and $MgSO_47H_2O$ for trehalose synthesis and mycelial yield was 0.1%,0.04% and 0.2%,0.04-0.08%, respective­ly. The optimal temperature and pH for trehalose synthesis were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5. but optimal temperature and pH for mycelial yield were $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5. The maximum yield of trehalose was obtanined after 10 day cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.1 s.80
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• pp.20-25
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• 1997

In comparison of three Pleurotus species and their selfed and crossed isolates using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of total soluble proteins, Pleurotus ostreatus 201 showed low similarity to selfed or P. ostreatus 201 crossed ones. Pleurotus ostreatus 2042 showed low similarity to selfed or P. ostreatus 2042 crossed ones. However, P. ostreatus $2042{\times}P$. ostreatus 202, P. ostreatus $2042{\times}P$. sajor-caju, and P. ostreatus $2042{\times}P$. ostreatus 900 showed high similarity. Pleurotus ostreatus 202 showed low similarity to selfed or crossed ones. Pleurotus sajorcaju showed low similarity to selfed or crossed ones. Pleurotus ostreatus 900 showed low similarity to selfed or crossed ones. However, selfed P. ostreatus and P. $ostreatus{\times}P$. florida showed high similarity. Pleurotus florida and selfed P. florida showed high similarity, too.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1619-1626
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• 2018

Objective: This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of levels of fungal (Lentinus sajor-caju) treated oil palm fronds (FTOPF) on digestibility, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen balance in goats. Methods: Four 16 month old male crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) goats with initial body weights of $33.5{\pm}1.7kg$ were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Four levels of FTOPF were assigned for feed intake. The experimental treatments consisted of 0%, 33%, 67%, and 100% of oil palm fronds (OPF) being replaced by FTOPF. Results: The results revealed that total dry matter intake and nutrient intake were not influenced (p>0.05) by the inclusion of FTOPF. However, the efficiency values of the digestibility of the dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin on FTOPF were higher (p<0.05) in treatments with 33%, 67%, and 100% of FTOPF compared with 0% of FTOPF. FTOPF feeding did not change the rumen pH, temperature, and $NH_3-N$. However, the FTOPF levels did affect the total volatile fatty acid (VFA), molar proportion of acetate, propionate, butyrate, ratio of acetic (propionic acid and acetic) plus butyric (propionic acid), and production of $CH_4$. The totals of VFA and propionate was lower in goat fed with 0% of FTOPF than in those of the other groups (p<0.05). The amount of nitrogen retention based on g/d/animal or the percentage of nitrogen retained was the lowest the goat fed with 0% of FTOPF (p<0.05), whereas nitrogen intake, excretion, and absorption were not changed among treatments. Conclusion: Based on this study, FTOPF could be effectively used as an alternative roughage source in total mixed ration diets, constituting at least up to 100% of OPF.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 1993

Plasmid DNAs were detected from the mitochondrial fraction of four strains of whiterot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus. The size of the plasmids were 10.2 and 7.2 kb in strain NFFA 2, 10.2 kb in NFFA 4001, 11.2 kb in NFFA 4501, and 10.2 and 11.2 kb in KFCC 11635. The two strains,NFFA 2ml and NFFA 2m2, which are mutant derivatives of NFFA 2, did not contain any plasmids. The cleavage by proteinase K indicated that these plasmids have DNA ends associated with proteins. In digestion with proteinase K all the plasm ids remained resistant to lambda exonuclease which hydrolyzes DNA from 5' ends and were sensitive to exonuclease III which hydrolyzes DNA from 3' ends. This suggests that the plasmids are linear double-stranded DNA and the terminal proteins are covalently linked to 5' ends of plasm ids. In order to find relationship between these plasmids, hybridization of plasm ids by each separate plasmid DNA was done. The result indicated that the plasmids can be classified into at least 3 groups. Plasmids of group I were present in all the P ostreatus. More mitochondrial plasmids were detected in P cornucopiae. P ,florida, P pulmonarius, P sajor-caju, and P spodoleucus. The size of plasmids ranged between 7.2 kb and 14 kb. All the species except P cornucopiae contained plasmids of approximately 10 kb which hybridized with the 10.2 kb plasmid (group I) of P ostreatus NFFA 2.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2022

The biological efficiencies of promising Pleurotus spp. were evaluated. Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus tuberregium,and Pleurotus sajor-cajuwere investigated at temperatures of 22℃, 20℃, and 18℃ to determine their ability to adapt to temperatures that are likely to be found in subtropical regions. The experiment was conducted using a substrate comprising Popular sawdust 60% + cotton seed 20% + beet pulp 20% under a relative humidity of 65%. The results indicated that there were significant differences in terms of biological efficiency between the species: P. tuber regium 128.84% at 22℃, P. ostreatus 108.41% at 22℃, and P. sajor-caju is 80% at 20℃. The common temperatures at which all species showed the highest biological efficiencies were 22℃ and 20℃. Therefore, the production of the evaluated species was equal to or surpassed biological efficiencies reported in tropical environments, thereby demonstrating a potential opportunity to adapt to tropical environments without compromising quality standards.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 1996

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses and single-stranded RNA(ssRNA) viruses were detected in a strain of Pleurotus mushroom cultivated in a farm. Those fungal virsus were purified in the pH 6.0 or pH 7.2 using CsCI or Cs$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ buoyant density centrifugation. Each viral particles were not completely separated at any trials. However, mushroom bacili-form virus contains a single major nucleic acid with 0.7 Kb ssRNA, which might code for 20 Kd viral capsid protein. The dsRNAs are encapsidatred into spherical-form viruses, whereas ssRNA viral genomes are encapsidated into two different sizes of bacili-form particles. A healthy-looking mushroom also contained some spherical-form viruses with dsRNAs. Laboratory strains of Pleurotus ostreatus and a cultivated strain of P. sajor-caju did not show any viral particles. Mushrooms with specific disease symptoms. however, contained at least four different sizes of spherical-form viruses. Thus, we concluded that a bacilli-form virus case a severe disease symptoms of adnormal on mushroom development.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.258-262
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• 2022

Pleurotus species are the most consumed and cultivated mushrooms in Korea. Although oyster mushrooms (P. ostreatus) can be cultivated automatically, their storability is slightly lower than that of king oyster mushrooms (P. eryngii) and winter mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes); therefore, the export proportion of oyster mushrooms is very low. Since Korean mushrooms are highly preferred across Southeast Asian, the export of oyster mushrooms in the form of complete substrates is expected to be more promising than that of fresh mushroom. Here, 1 and 2.5 kg complete substrates of P. ostreatus 'Soltari' and P. sajor-caju 'Sambok' were prepared and stored at different temperature from 0 to 15℃ for 10 days. Thereafter, the formation of fruiting bodies was induced. Since the 2.5 kg complete substrates required 70 days of incubation, their mycelia were at an advanced age and their fruiting bodies did not grown normally. When 70%-incubated complete substrates were stored at 5-10℃, the growth was faster and more uniform and stable fruiting bodies were formed. Export test of complete substrates to Vietnam using distribution containers set at 0℃ and 15℃ revealed that the growth period was shortened by 1-2 days when the distribution containers were set at 15℃ and the yield of 'Soltari' increased by approximately 10%. In addition, even though the yield of 'Sambok' was similar between treatments at 0℃ and 15℃, the quality of fruiting bodies from 15℃-distributed complete substrates was much better than that of those from 0℃-distributed substrates.