• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2001

PAP-I cDNA was synthesized from total RNA of Phytolacca americana leaves by RT-PCR, and then subcloned to recombinant vector pBluescript II SK-. Using PCR with primers designed in our laboratory, we could get the 9 deletion mutant PAP-I cDNA fragments. The first of the fragments was deleted by 66bp from immature N-terminal and then the rest were deleted by 90bp sequentially. Sequentially deletion mutant PAP-I cDNAs were inserted to pAc55M, on down-stream of gall promoter. Recombinant pAc55M was transformed to yeast cells, psy1 and the cells were spreaded on SC_urn-/glucose plate media. Colonies on SC_ura-/glucose plate were streaked on the same position of SC_ura-/glucose and SC_ura-/galactose plate, and we selected colonies growing on both plates, which carry non-cytotoxic deleted mutant PAP-I cDNA. We selected 4 deletion mutant PAP-I cDNAs which have not cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1999

Pokeweed antiviral protein II (PAP-II) encoding cDNA was synthesized by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from Phytolacca american a leaf. The PAP-II cDNA fragment of 974bp was subcloned to pBluescript II SK- SmaI site and the inserted PAP-II cDNA fragment was sequenced by dideoxy sequencing method. The number of nucleotides of PAP-II cDNA coding region containing start and stop codon was 933bp. To develop a virus-resistant tobacco plant, PAP-II cDNA fragment was inserted to pKGT101B and the insertion of PAP-II cDNA fragment was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis and colony PCR.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1976

Steroid and terpenoid constituents of 3 species of genus Phytolacca have been examined by TLC. All contained ${\alpha}$-spinasterol, its glucoside and acylated glucoside, jaligonic acid and its methylester, esculentic acid and its methylester, and 10 phytolaccosides. Jaligonic acid was the major free triterpenoid and phytolaccoside E was the major saponin in all plants. Bayogenin, oleanolic acid, spergulagenic acid, acinosolic acid, hederogenin, and their derivatives contained in other Phytolacca spp. were not found in these plants.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.391-405
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• 1995

Cockroach survey on the relative density from 7 different habitats including hotel-ins, tea-rooms restaurants, hospitals, apartments, and resident hoses were conducted in 3 District(Ku) areas in Suwon city during the period of February through October, 1994. of a total of 3.039 trap sets, Cockroaches were collected from 1,435 traps, comprised of a 47.22% positive trap-rate. Chinese restaurants were shown to be the highest positive trap-rate of 72.67% of the total while the other habitats such as Korean restaurants, apartments, resident hoses, tea-rooms, hotel-inns, and hospitals were 60.67%, 58.61%, 52.22%, 38.67%, 24.88%, and 17.54%, respectively. Blattella germanica was shown to be the highest population density of 55.01 individuals/trap/week comprised of 97.36% of the total during survey period whereas the other 3 species, Periplaneta japonica, P. americana, and P. fuliginosa constituted in lesser extent of 2.35%, 0.14%, respectively. Of a total of 7 different cockroach breeding habitats, higher population density per trap/week was from restaurants with averages of 20.56 and 8.31 cockroaches from Chinese and Koran restaurants, respectively. An intermediate extent of density was observed from apartments, tea rooms and resident houses with 5.33, 3.79 and 3.53 individuals, respectively. Lower relative densities of cockroaches were observed from hospitals and hotel-inns with averages of 0.18 and 1.00 individuals per trap/week, respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.44 no.1 s.137
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• pp.73-79
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• 2006

We evaluated the efficacy of health education in reducing indoor arthropod allergens in Seoul. The mite control measures comprised the use of mite-proof mattress and pillow coverings, regular washing of potentially infested materials, maintenance of a low humidity, removal of carpets, and frequent vacuum cleaning. Cockroach control measures included trapping, application of insecticides, and protecting food. Of 201 homes enrolled in October 1999, 63 volunteers were included in a 2-year follow-up survey between April 2000 and January 2002. Before intervention, the density of mites/g of dust varied greatly; 27.1/g in children's bedding, 20/g in adult bedding, 7.2/g on the floors of children's bedrooms, 6.8/g in sofas, 5.9/g on the floors of adult's bedrooms, 3.9/g on living room floors, 3.7/g in carpets, and 1.9 mites/g on kitchen floors. The predominant mite species and house percentages infested were; Dermatophagoides farinae $93\%$, D. pteronyssinus $9\%$, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae $8\%$. Comparing 1999 and 2001 infestations, before and after 25 mo of education, mite abundance was reduced by $98\%$, from 23.7 to 0.57 mites/g of dust. In 1999, cockroaches were detected in $62\%$ homes: $36\%$ Blattella germanica and $35\%$ Periplaneta spp., including $9\%$ double infestations of B. germanica and P. americana. Following intervention, cockroach infestation rates decreased to $22\%$ of houses in 2000 and $23\%$ in 2001. We conclude that continuous and repetitive health education resulted in the effective control of domestic arthropods.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.328-332
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• 1997

The ripe fruit of Hass avocado contains one of the highest elvels of cytochrome P-450 protein found in the plant kingdom. To determine whether wounded roots of avocado contain P-450 protein, the roots of avocado were wounded by slicing, and then allowed to incubate in sealed plastic bags, in 0.4M mannitol, and in the solution to make protoplast preparation containing cellulysin and macerase during the specified times. The microsomal proteins were extracted from the samples, separated by SDS-PAGE, and then subjected to Western blot analysis using polyclonal antibodies which are generated against the CYP71A1 protein. wounded roots in sealed bags produced CYP71A1 within 6 hours after cutting, and those in 0.4M mannitol did not produce CYP71A1 even after 72 hours, but those in the protoplast preparation by cellulysin and macerase induced and produced CYP71A was induced in only 24 hours. These results indicate that CYP 71A1 plays a role for wound healing for root tissue o avocado, and would-inducible P-450 protein was not detected in the mannitol solution by preventing a synthesis of ethylene in a liquid state, but the softening of tissues by cellulysin and macerase to make protoplast preparation was involved in an activation of CYP 71A1 even in the liquid state.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2000

An antiviral protein (CAP30) with ribosome-inactivating activity was purified from the leaves of Chenopodium album L. through ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography using S-Sepharose, Blue-Sepharose, FPLC Suprose12 HR, and FPLC Mono-S. The molecular wight of CAP30 was estimated to be 30kD. CAP30 was thermostable, maintaing its activity even after incubation at $70^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and was stable in the pH range of 6 to 9. In a cell-free in vitro translation system using rabbit reticulocyte lysate, protein synthesis was inhibited by the addition of CAP30 with an $IC_{50}$ of 2.26pM. The comparison of N-terminal amino acid sequences of this protein with known ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) revealed that it had some sequence homology with PAP-S and PAP-R from pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)and dodecandrin from P. dodecandra, but had no sequence homology with RIPs from other plants belonging to different orders. The mosaic symptoms on tobacco leaves caused by cucumber mosaic virus infection was completely inhibited by 100 ng/ml of the pure CAP30 protein.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Natural dyeing has traditionally been used in many countries around the world, and as natural dyes are diversified, the diversity of dyeing patterns is also expanding. This study tried to establish standardization by providing numerical values that could provide quantified information to the Internet of Things by more accurately analyzing the color changes of dyes and mordants for the four natural dyes. The addition of copper acetate, iron II sulfate and potassium dichromate to the dye extracted from Juglans regia Linn changed the original color of brown to other colors of purple, khaki and dark brown, respectively. Except for potassium dichromate added to Sophora japonica L. or Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht, the concentration of other mordants was reduced, but the color difference of the dyed silk was very large. However, although there is a difference in degree, copper acetate and iron sulfate induced color changes of 35% and 15%, respectively. In summary, it was confirmed that the highest color change was induced when 15 grams of copper acetate was added to J. regia Linn, S. japonica L. and P. amurense Ruprecht and 150 grams of iron to Phytolacca americana. The results of this study suggested that the accurate color change by various mordants can be utilized as important information that enables more accurate color induction by dyes and mordants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2003

Seed germination rate and seedling growth were measured on 6 different species(Phytolacca americana, Eupatorium rugosum, Rumex acetocella, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cassia mimosoides var. nomame, Setaria viridis) treated with leaf extract of E. rugosum. Total phenolic compound and heavy metal were analyzed on leaf and soil with and without E. rugosum. The growth of P. americana seedlings were stimulated by 10% and 25% of E. rugosum water extract treatment. The content of total phenolic compounds in soil was lower than that of leaf extract, and 25% was confirmed as threshold concentration in natural systems because the total phenolic compounds were not significantly different between the control soils and the soil treated with 10%, and 25% extract. Total phenolic compound concentrations of the leaf extracts were highest (1.66 mg/l) with E. rugosum grown under the Quercus forest canopy and lowest (1.09 mg/l) for the plant grown in the mixed forest edge. Leaf extracts of plants selected in different sampling sites (Forest interior, Forest edge, under Pinus Canopy and Quercus Canopy) were significant, while soil extracts were not. Seed germination of R. acetocella and S. viridis were significantly inhibited at over 50% concentrations of E. rugosum, but C. mimosoides var. nomame was not affected at any concentration. The radicle and shoot growth of the native species group were reduced two times more than those of the exotic species group by the treatment of extracts. Especially, the seed germination percentage and dry weight of E. rugosum were greater than those of the control group by treatments with extracts of 10% and 25%. Analysis of aqueous extracts from E. rugosum by HPLC identified 6 phenolic compounds: caffeic acid (460.9 mg/l), benzoic acid (109.7 mg/l), protocatechuic acid (7.3 mg/l), ρ-hydroquinone (6.0 mg/l), cinnamic acid (2.7 mg/l) and hydroquinone (0.23 mg/l). The seed germination of P. americana was also inhibited dramatically by protocatechuic acid and cinnamic acid even though the content of caffeic acid (460.9 mg/l) was the highest among analyzed phenolic compounds. The heavy metal content of soil without A. altissima was higher than that of soil with E. rugosum. Particularly, Al, Fe and Mn was considerably high and most of the heavy metal were accumulated in leaves where a high level of total phenolic compounds was found.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1268-1278
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• 2017

This study examined the characteristics of Sulgidduk with different amounts of apios powder (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%). The moisture content of Sulgidduk significantly increased with the addition of apios powder. Also, the pH values of Sulgidduk significantly decreased with the addition of apios powder. The addition of apios powder in the Sulgidduk decreased the lightness (L) in Hunter's color value, but increased the redness (a) and yellowness (b). By increasing the quantity of apios powder, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of Sulgidduk decreased and its springiness increased. The addition of apios powder in the Sulgidduk increased the total polyphenol content and DPPH-radical-scavenging activity. In the sensory evaluation, the addition of 20, 30% apios powder had the best score in taste and overall preference. This study suggests that apios powder is an excellent ingredient for improving the sensory preference and functionality of Sulgidduk. The study also shows that it was the addition of 30% apios powder can be used to make functional Sulgidduk.