• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2011

Photoelectrochemical performances of ZnO electrodes are enhanced by coupling with cobalt-based catalyst (CoPi) in phosphate electrolyte (pH 7). For this study, hexagonal pillar-shaped ZnO nanorods are grown on ZnO electrodes through a chemical bath deposition, onto which CoPi is deposited with different photodeposition times (10-30 min). A scanning electron microscopic study indicates that CoPi deposition does not induce any change of ZnO morphology and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis shows that inorganic phosphate ions (Pi) exist on ZnO surface. Bare ZnO electrodes generate the current of ca. $0.36mA/cm^2$ at a bias potential of 0.5 V vs. SCE, whereas ZnO/CoPi (deposited for 10 min) has ca. 50%-enhanced current ($0.54mW/cm^2$) under irradiation of AM 1.5G-light ($400mW/cm^2$). The excess loading of CoPi on ZnO results in decrease of photocurrents as compared to bare ZnO likely due to limited electrolyte access to ZnO and/or CoPi-mediated recombination of photogenerated charge carriers. The primary role of CoPi is speculated to trap the photogenerated holes and thereby oxidize water into molecular oxygen via an intervalency cycle among Co(II), Co(III), and Co(IV).

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to give basic data about a way of connection to individual centers and vitalization of visiting nursing program on Busan. Method: The research is done with survey for eight hospitals. sixteen public heath centers, forty-six social welfare centers to be practised visiting nursing program on Busan for actual condition of that. Results: 1. The average nursing career is below 5-10 years. But visiting nursing career is below 3 years(70%) in hospital. public, public heath center, and heath center. 2. Hospitals coverage of visiting nursing service is city as a whole. Whereas public heath center and social welfare center covered some local area. 3. Client of visiting nursing service possess in order of alone lived elderly, person in uncomplete movement, a disabled person, and a chronic disease person. 4. The main service in visiting is patient assessment, basic nursing activity, and treatment nursing activity with medication care, B.P check, dressing, bedsore care, catheter care and exchange, fluid therapy. Particularly, the hospital runs parallel to basic care and treat care in 100%. The social service center has 65.0% in a patient assessment and basic nursing activity. 5. The concern about services connecting with other center is very high. Conclusion: Actual conditions of visiting nursing program on Busan, which is presented in this study. The results of this study will become the pillar of visiting nursing program planning and application.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1999

Fly ash를 이용(利用)한 zeolite성(性) 물질(物質)의 열수합성(熱水合成)에 있어서 반응재료(反應材料)의 초기구성성분(初期構成成分) 비율(比率)과 여러가지 반응조건(反應條件)이 반응생성물(反應生成物)의 CEC및 결정화도(結晶化度)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 최적반응조건(最適反應條件)을 조사(調査)하였다. $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ 비율(比率)이 2.55이상(以上)에서는 Na-P1 zeolite가 생성(生成)되었으나, 2.25이하(以下)에서는 hydroxy sodalite가 생성(生成)되었다. 3N-NaOH, $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ 비율(比率) 2.55, $Na_2O/Al_2O_3$ 비율(比率) 2.0, $103^{\circ}C$에서 12시간(時間) 처리(處理)한 반응생성물(反應生成物)의 CEC 가 $285cmol^+kg^{-1}$으로 다른 반응조건(反應條件)의 생성물(生成物)보다 높았으며, 결정화도(結晶化度)는 2N-NaOH, $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ 비율(比率) 2.55 $Na_2O/Al_2O_3$ 비율(比率) 2.0, $103^{\circ}C$에서 12시간(時間) 처리(處理)한 반응생성물(反應生成物)이 45.1%로서 가장 높게 나타났다. 반응생성물(反應生成物)의 $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ 비율(比率)은 fly ash 보다 낮았으며, ignition loss는 결품격자(結品格子) 내(內)의 흡착수(吸着水)에 의해 4.0%로 증가(增加)하였다. 반응생성물(反應生成物)의 XRD peak와 전자현미경사진(電子顯微鏡寫眞)으로 관찰(觀察)한 결과(結果) Na-P1 zeolite의 특징(特徵)을 나타내었다. Fly ash를 이용(利用)한 Na-P1 zeolite의 최적(最適) 열수합성조건(熱水合成條件)은 NaOH 농도(濃度) 2~3N, $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$, 2.55, $Na_2O/Al_2O_3$ 비율(比率) 1.5~2.0, 반응온도(反應溫度) $80{\sim}103^{\circ}C$, 반응시간(反應時間)은 12시간(時間) 이상(以上)으로 판단(判斷)된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2006

Bio-MEMS를 기반으로 microfilter와 백금 전극이 내재되어 있는 microbiochip을 제작하였다. 우리는 이 chip으로 microbead에 indirect ELISA 방법으로 항원-항체를 반응시키고 전기 신호 검출 방법을 이용하여 반응 여부를 판단하였다. 이 때 신호 증폭을 위해 silver enhancer를 사용하였다. Chip 상에서 항원-항체 반응 조건을 최적화하기 위해 pH, temperature, flow time, flow rate, silver enhancer time을 결정하였다. 이렇게 최적화된 조건을 바탕으로 짧은 시간 안에 소량의 시료로 immunoassay를 성공적으로 수행할 수 있었다. 전기 신호 검출 방식을 사용함으로써 biosensor 장비의 소형화와 다중 시료 측정과 자동화를 biosensor에서 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.431-432
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• 2012

In the era of 20 nm scaled semiconductor volume manufacturing, Microelectronics Manufacturing Engineering Education is presented in this paper. The purpose of microelectronic engineering education is to educate engineers to work in the semiconductor industry; it is therefore should be considered even before than technology development. Three Microelectronics Manufacturing Engineering related courses are introduced, and how undergraduate students acquired hands-on experience on Microelectronics fabrication and manufacturing. Conventionally employed wire bonding was recognized as not only an additional parasitic source in high-frequency mobile applications due to the increased inductance caused from the wiring loop, but also a huddle for minimizing IC packaging footprint. To alleviate the concerns, chip bumping technologies such as flip chip bumping and pillar bumping have been suggested as promising chip assembly methods to provide high-density interconnects and lower signal propagation delay [1,2]. Aluminum as metal interconnecting material over the decades in integrated circuits (ICs) manufacturing has been rapidly replaced with copper in majority IC products. A single copper metal layer with various test patterns of lines and vias and $400{\mu}m$ by $400{\mu}m$ interconnected pads are formed. Mask M1 allows metal interconnection patterns on 4" wafers with AZ1512 positive tone photoresist, and Cu/TiN/Ti layers are wet etched in two steps. We employed WPR, a thick patternable negative photoresist, manufactured by JSR Corp., which is specifically developed as dielectric material for multi- chip packaging (MCP) and package-on-package (PoP). Spin-coating at 1,000 rpm, i-line UV exposure, and 1 hour curing at $110^{\circ}C$ allows about $25{\mu}m$ thick passivation layer before performing wafer level soldering. Conventional Si3N4 passivation between Cu and WPR layer using plasma CVD can be an optional. To practice the board level flip chip assembly, individual students draw their own fan-outs of 40 rectangle pads using Eagle CAD, a free PCB artwork EDA. Individuals then transfer the test circuitry on a blank CCFL board followed by Cu etching and solder mask processes. Negative dry film resist (DFR), Accimage$^{(R)}$, manufactured by Kolon Industries, Inc., was used for solder resist for ball grid array (BGA). We demonstrated how Microelectronics Manufacturing Engineering education has been performed by presenting brief intermediate by-product from undergraduate and graduate students. Microelectronics Manufacturing Engineering, once again, is to educating engineers to actively work in the area of semiconductor manufacturing. Through one semester senior level hands-on laboratory course, participating students will have clearer understanding on microelectronics manufacturing and realized the importance of manufacturing yield in practice.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1990

저자들은 1980년 1월부터 1980년 12월까지 원자력병원 치료방사선과에서 방사선 치료를 받은 66명의 구강인두 편평상피 종양 환자들을 대상으로 한 후향적 분석을 통하여 다음과 같이 결과를 얻었다. 구강인두 종양의 원발 부위별 환자분포를 보면 편도부위 종양이 42예로 가장 많았고 연구개 종양이 12예, 구강저 종양이 9예 그리고 측인두 및 후인두벽 종양이 3예순이었다. 구강인두 부위에 침범한 병소들을 총체적으로 분석한 경우 원발병소의 병기에 따른 국소관해율은 T1과 T2 그리고 T3와 T4 병기에서 각각 80%와 77% 그리고 73%와 40%였고 전체적으로 70%의 국소관해율를 보였다. 국소관해율은 원발병소의 병기가 낮을수록, 또한 원발부위로 볼때 연구개부위 종양에서, 그리고 분화도상에 미분화된 세포를 가진 경우에 가장 높았다. 국소적 임파선의 병기에 따른 국소임파관해율은 N1과 N2 그리고 N3 병기에서 각각 96%와 63% 그리고 40%였으며 전체적으로 70%의 국소임파관해율를 보였다. 원발병소의 병기에 따른 5년 생존율은 T1과 T2에서 73%, T3와 T4에서 46%였다(p<0.05). 또한, 편도부위에 생긴 종양의 경우 5년 생존율은 주위조직으로의 침범이 없는 군이 있는 군보다 통계적인 유의차로 높았다(p<0.01). 결론적으로 볼때 방사선 요법이 해부학적 형태 유지 및 기능적인 보존측면에서 구강인두 종양에 대한 일차적인 치료방법으로서 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.