• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.141-154
• /
• 2022

Purpose: C57BL/6 mice, which are among the most common backgrounds for genetically engineered mice, are resistant to the induction of periodontitis by oral infection with periodontal pathogens. This study aimed to develop a periodontitis model in C57BL/6 mice using coaggregation between human pathogens and the mouse oral commensal Streptococcus danieliae (Sd). Methods: The abilities of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 (Pg33277), P. gingivalis ATCC 49417 (Pg49417), P. gingivalis KUMC-P4 (PgP4), Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 (Fnn), and F. nucleatum subsp. animalis KCOM 1280 (Fna) to coaggregate with Sd were tested by a sedimentation assay. The Sd-noncoaggregating Pg33277 and 2 Sd-coaggregating strains, PgP4 and Fna, were chosen for animal experiments. Eighty C57BL/6 mice received oral gavage with Sd once and subsequently received vehicle alone (sham), Fna, Pg33277, PgP4, or Fna+PgP4 6 times at 2-day intervals. Mice were evaluated at 5 or 8 weeks after the first gavage of human strains. Results: Fnn, Fna, and PgP4 efficiently coaggregated with Sd, but Pg33277 and Pg49417 did not. Alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the PgP4 group at both time points (weeks 5 and 8) and in all experimental groups at week 8 compared with the sham group. The PgP4 group presented greater alveolar bone loss than the other experimental groups at both time points. A higher degree of alveolar bone loss accompanied higher bacterial loads in the oral cavity, the invasion of not only PgP4 but also Sd and Fna, and the serum antibody responses to these bacteria. Conclusions: Periodontitis was successfully induced in C57BL/6 mice by oral infection with a P. gingivalis strain that persists in the oral cavity through coaggregation with a mouse oral commensal bacterium. This new model will be useful for studying the role of human oral bacteria-host interactions in periodontitis using genetically engineered mice.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.206-219
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of local application of thymoquinone (TQ) on bone healing in experimental bone defects infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG). Methods: Forty-two female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. A bone defect was created on the right tibia of all animals. The PG, PG/collagen membrane (COL) and PG/TQ/COL groups were infected with PG. In the COL and PG/COL groups, the defects were covered with a COL; in the TQ/COL and PG/TQ/COL groups, the defects were covered with a TQ-containing COL. After 28 days, all animals were sacrificed. Quantitative measurements of new bone formation and osteoblast lining, as well as semiquantitative measurements of capillary density and tissue response, were analyzed. Furthermore, the presence of bacterial infections in defect areas was evaluated. Results: The new bone formation, osteoblast number, and capillary density were significantly higher in the TQ groups than in the control groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, and P<0.01, respectively). In a comparison between the TQ/COL group, with a TQ-containing COL (TQ/COL), and the PG-infected TQ-containing COL (PG/TQ/COL) group, the newly formed bone and capillary density were higher in the TQ/COL group (P<0.01). When the control group was compared to the PG, PG/COL, and PG/TQ/COL groups in terms of tissue response, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001, P=0.02, and P=0.041, respectively). The intensity of the inflammatory cell reaction was higher in the PG, PG/COL, and PG/TQ/COL groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the local application of a TQ-containing COL positively affected bone healing even if the bone defects were infected. The results suggest that TQ increased angiogenesis and showed promise for accelerating bone defect healing. Further research is warranted to support these findings and reach more definitive conclusions.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 2019

Serratia marcescens 2354(ATCC 25419) 균주로부터 추출한 붉은 색소는 prodigiosin (PG)이었고, 이를 methanol에 녹여 자외선 및 가시광선 흡수 스펙트라를 측정한 결과 537 nm의 최대흡수파장 (${\lambda}_{max}$)을 갖는 산성용액에서의 전형적인 PG의 흡수 스펙트라이었다. 또한 methanol 용액에서 PG의 농도를 $1.0{\times}10-5M$에서 $9.0{\times}10-5M$로 증가시키면, 537 nm의 흡수강도는 증가하고 467 nm의 흡수강도는 감소하였으며, 500 nm에서 isosbestic point가 관측되었다. 이러한 현상은 537 nm와 467 nm가 각각 산과 염기용액에서의 PG 흡수대이고, 500 nm의 isosbestic point 등을 고려하면 가역적 산-염기 평형반응에 의한 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 한편 pH, 4.75의 acetic acid 완충용액에서 PG의 농도를 $6.0{\times}10^{-4}M$에서 $1.0{\times}10^{-4}M$로 감소시키면 500 nm에서 ${\lambda}_{max}$를 가지는 새로운 흡수대가 나타난다. 이 흡수대는 pH 4.75의 수용액에서만 나타나는 것으로 같은 pH의 순수한 methanol 용액에서는 나타나지 않는다. 이는 PG 분자가 $H_2O$에 의해 ${\alpha}$-이성질체에서 ${\beta}$-이성질체로의 전환에 기인하는 것이다. 즉 PG의 색변화는 용액의 농도 및 용매의 특성에 의해서도 일어날 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.52-58
• /
• 1996

This study was carried out 19 investigate the characteristics of pectinesterase (PE), polygalacturonase (PG), lipoxygenase(LOX) and peroxidase (POD) in hot pepper to know the effect of hot pepper on food quality during food processing and storage. The results were as follows : 1. The optimum pH of PE was pH 7.5 and the activity of PE below pH 5.5 was revealed scarcely, The concentration of NaCl and $CaCl_2$ that showed the highest activity of PE were 0.2M and 0.05M, respectively. 2. The optimum pH of PG was pH 6.0 and the activity of PG in acidity was higher than that in alkalinity. The activity of PG was maximum at 0.3M NaCl and 0.2mM $CaCl_2$. Above the concentration of 0.5M NaCl and 0.5M $CaCl_2$, the activity of PG was lower than that of PG not adding these salts 3. The optimum pH of LOX was pH 7.0 and pH 8.5. 4. The optimum pH of POD was pH 6.0 and the activity of POD was higher in weak acidity and neutrality than in alkalinity. POD activity was slightly decreased by the increase of NaCl and $CaCl_2$ concentration.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.677-691
• /
• 1994

To evaluate the validity of serum pepsinogen levels as a screening tool for gastric cancer and adenoma, immunoradiometric assays of serum pepsinogen I level (PG I), II level (PG II) and esphagogastroduodenal endoscopies were done in 757 health examinees. Serum PG I level was higher in subjects with active duodenal ulcer (n=45, $75.2{\pm}34.3{\mu}g/l(mean{\pm}standard\;deviation)$, p<0.01) and gastroduodenal ulcers (n=8, $75.6{\pm}19.8{\mu}g/l$, p<0.05), and was lower in those with gastric adenoma(n=4, $37.7{\pm}37.2{\mu}g/l$, p<0.2) than those with normal, mild gastritis findings or ulcer scars (n=378, $56.6{\pm}24.9{\mu}g/l$. Serum PG II level was higher in subjects with active duodenal ulcer($17.2{\pm}13.8{\mu}g/l$, p<0.2), active gastro-duodenal ulcers ($18.3{\pm}7.4{\mu}g/l$, p<0.2) and gastric carcinoma (n=3, $23.8{\pm}10.9{\mu}g/l$, p<0.05) than those with normal, mild gastritis findings or ulcer scars $(14.5{\pm}7.9{\mu}g/l)$. Serum PG I/PG II ratio was higher in subjects with active duodenal ulcer($5.1{\pm}1.6$, p<0.05) and was lower in those with chronic gastritis(n=107, $4.1{\pm}1.7$, p<0.05), gastric polyp(n=19, $3.9{\pm}1.4$, p<0.2), gastric adenoma(n=4, $2.1{\pm}1.9$, p<0.01) and gastric carcinoma(n=3, $2.7{\pm}1.2$, p<0.1) than those with normal, mild gastritis findings or ulcer scars ($4.5{\pm}1.7$). Serum PG II level increased with age until 6th decade, whereas serum PG I/PG II ratio decreased with age in 378 subjects with normal, mild gastritis findings or ulcer scars. The screening criteria of serum PG I<$70{\mu}g/l$ and PG I/PG II ratio<3.0 for detecting gastric cancer and adenoma gave a positive rate of 15.7%, sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 84.7%.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.300-304
• /
• 2008

14년생 인삼의 뿌리로부터 cDNA library를 제작한 후 무작위로 뽑은 EST clone 중에서 cysteine proteinase(CP) 유전자에 높은 상동성을 나타내는 clone 6개를 선발하였고 이를 바탕으로 PgCysP1을 제작하였다. 인삼의 CP 유전자는 전장의 길이가 1,398bp로 366개의 아미노산을 코딩하는 1,101bp의 ORF를 가지고 있다. PgCysP1의 아미노산 서열과 이차구조를 분석한 결과, 기존에 보고된 식물들과 높은 상동성을 나타내었으며 PgCysP1는 papain family에 속하는 것으로 확인되었다. RT-PCR 분석결과, 인삼의 PgCysP1는 NaCl, 저온, wound, salicylic acid에 대해 그 발현 양상이 상동성을 나타내는 다른식물의 CP 유전자 발현과 유사한 양성을 보였고, 이에 PgCysP1은 CP gene으로 사료되며, 앞으로 인삼 식물체의 환경 스트레스에 대한 내성 연구가 요구된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.54-59
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we present evidence that the Korean red ginseng extract shows the immunomodulatory activities during postoperative chemotherapy after curative surgery in patients with advanced colon cancer. We measured the circulating interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8)and interleukin-10 (IL-10) as a immune modulator to evaluate the effect of Korean red ginseng. The mean preoperative value of IL-2 was similar in the non-RG group and the RG group (5.72 pg/ml versus 6.87 pg/ml, p>0.05). The mean value of IL-2 was compared with IL-2 from healthy control group, there was no significant difference (14.89 pg/ml versus 14.22 pg/ml, p>0.05). The mean preoperative value of IL-8 was higher in the non-RG group comparing with the RG group (30.92 pg/ml versus 36.25 pg/ml, p < 0.05). At postoperative 3 month, the mean values of IL-8 from non-RG and RG group down to 24.56 pg/ml and 21.46 pg/ml respectively. The IL-8 of RG group at 3 month showed no difference with that of HC group(21.46 pg/ml versus 16.31 pg/ml, p>0.05). The preoperative mean value of IL-10 of non-RG, RG and HC group was 11.56 pg/ml, 10.8 pg/ml, and 3.68 pg/ml respectively. At postoperative 3 month, the mean values of IL-10 from non-RG and RG group down to 8.45 pg/ml and 5.04 pg/ml respectively. In spite of decreasing IL-10 levels of both cancer Patients group with time, there was still significant difference with that of HC group (non-RG versus HC group, p=0.00, RC versus HC group, p=0.04). The results of this study suggest that the red ginseng extract may have some immunomodulatory properties associated with IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10 activity in patients with advanced colorectal cancer during postoperative chemotherapy. We think to need the further studies and a larger sample size to fully evaluate the antitumor effect of ginseng and need to establish this mechanism of action as well as identify the active components associated with antitumor activity and immunomodulation in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제21권6호
• /
• pp.559-569
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was to examine the reliability and validity of Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) as a nutritional measurement for stroke patients. Methods: This was a methodological study performed from May 6 to June 10, 2009 at a tertiary university hospital in Seoul. For reliability of PG-SGA, inter-rater reliability was used for statistics. For concurrent validity, BMI and biomarkers were compared between PG-SGA 0 ~ 8 and ${\geq}$ 9. In addition, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of PG-SGA compared with SGA were calculated using a contingency table. For predictive validity, hospital day, complications, and readmission within 1-month after discharge were compared between PG-SGA 0 ~ 8 and ${\geq}$ 9. Results: Correlation of PG-SGA score between two observers was 0.83, and kappa value for the agreement of severe malnutrition was 0.78(all $p_s$ < .001). The scored PG-SGA showed high sensitivity and specificity (100% and 96.7%, respectively). Severe undernourished patients (PG-SGA ${\geq}$ 9) had significantly low TLC, protein, albumin, and prealbumin (all $p_s$ < .01) compared with non-undernourished patients (PG-SGA 0 ~ 8). Also, in severe undernourished patients, complications and readmission (all $p_s$ = 0.01) were more often represented, and hospital days (p = .013) were significantly delayed. Conclusion: PG-SGA is a reliable and valid measurement to assess nutritional status for stroke patients.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between variety pregnancy related factors and postpartum BMI change. Methods: Analyzing the BMI of 125 postpartum women in oriental medical hospital of O O university from March, 2008 to May, 2008. Age, pregnancy period. type of delivery, parity, pregravida(PG) BMI, weight and BMI gain during pregnancy, gestational maximum(GMx) BMI were recorded. BMI also checked on each postpartum 7days(P7d), 14days(P14d), 90days(P90d), And we distinguished into Sasang Constitution by QSCC II. Results: The following results were obtained: 1. Age. pregnancy period were not correlated to postpartum BMI change. 2. PG BMI were lower in normal delivery group than caesarean delivery group. 3. PG BMI was lower in primipara group than multipara group. Weight and BMI gain during pregnancy. P90d BMI were lower in multipara group. 4. PG, GMx, P7d, P14d, P90d BMI were significally high in Taeumin. 5. PG BMI were correlated to GMx, P7d, P14d, P90d BMI. 6. Weight and BMI gain during pregnancy were correlated to GMx BMI and P7d, P14d, P90d BMI, BMI loss. Conclusion: This results suggested that weight and BMI gain during pregnancy have the best relationship with postpartum weight change.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제14권
• /
• pp.165-172
• /
• 1973

종간, 속간의 잡종에서는 흔히 불임현상이 일어나는데 인삼의 경우도 예외가 아니어서 고려인삼(panax ginseng: P.G.)과 미국인삼(panax quinquefolium: P. Q.) 그리고 죽절인삼(Panax japonicus: P.J) 간의 교잡육종에서 P.G.${\times}$P.J.에서만 아주 희귀하게 종자를 얻을수 있고 다른 종합에서는 전혀 잡종 제이세대를 얻을 수가 없었다고 하므로 본실험에서는 P.G.${\times}$P.Q.와 P.G.${\times}$P.J.의 교잡종의 화기 및 종자형성중의 유리아미노산의 소장을 추구함으로서 불임현상과 물질대사와의 관련성의 일단을 밝히고저 한다. 1. 두 교잡종의 시료에서 검출된 유리아미노산의 Chromatogram은 서로 유사한 pattern을 나타냈으며 그들의 양친이 나타내는 pattern과 유사하나 spot의 종류나 크기 정색도는 여러 가지 점에서 특이한 변화가 있다. P.G.${\times}$P.Q.에서 19종, P.G.${\times}$P.J.에서는 21종의 spot을 검출하였는데 전자에서 Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Phenyl alanine, Proline, Hydroxy proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Lysine, Arginine, ${\beta}$-Alanine, Cysteic acid, Tryptophan, Asparagine, Glutamine, ${\gamma}$-Amino butyric acid를 확인하고 후자의 경우는 상기한 것 외에 Methionine과 한 개의 미지 spot를 얻었다. 2. Alanine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Cysteic acid와 Asparagine이 전체적으로 보아 주체를 이루고 있는 것은 P.G. P.Q. P.J에서와 같으나 Asparagine이 소포자기와 화분성숙기에 최다량으로 나타나는 것은 이들의 양친의 경우에는 보지 못했던 특이한 일이다. 3. 홍숙기에 Cysteic acid가 감소되는 것은 P.Q. P.J.의 경우와는 유사하나 P.G의 경우와는 반대되는 현상이며 P.G.${\times}$P.J.에서 Methionine이 검출된 것도 특이하다. 4. Proline은 그들의 양친의 경우와는 현저한 차이가 있었는데 소포자기에서 아주 미약한 정색을 나타낼뿐이며 이 때에 Asparagine의 spot가 가장 크고 강한 정색을 나타내었는데 이제까지의 여러 연구 결과를 종합해 보면 Proline의 양과 화분의 임성과는 아주 밀접한 관계가 있으며 이런 관계가 인삼 종자 형성에서도 나타나고 있다. 또한 Proline이 결핍될 때 Asparagine의 축적이 있다는 많은 보고도 있다. 5. 교잡종에서의 결실불능의 원인을 Proline의 과소에 의한 것으로 보며 Proline이 약의 화분퇴화와 중요한 관계를 가지고 있을 것으로 추찰된다. 6. 그밖에 여러 아미노산의 소장이 P.G. P.Q. P.J. 등의 자식계와 그들과의 잡종사이에 있어서 상당한 차이가 생기는 것은 교잡에 의한 Gene-action system의 변혁에 따른 결과라고 추찰되는 것으로 Proline의 대사 및 생리적 영향과 더불어 보다 깊은 조사가 필요한 것으로 생각된다.