• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2000

당뇨쥐에서 운동부하가 골격근과 간의 항산화효소 활성도에 미치는 영향과 산소유리기에 의한 조직손상 여부블 관찰한 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. Strcptozotocin으로 유도한 당뇨군의 혈당농도(mg/dL)는 $344{\pm}14.8$로서 대조군의 $117{\pm}2.7$보다 높았으며(p<0.001) 운동부하에 의해서 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 혈장 인슐린 농도(${\mu}U/mL$)는 당뇨군에서 $8.5{\pm}0.5$로서 대조군의 $20.6{\pm}1.4$보다 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.001) 운동부하후에는 운동부하전과 비교하여 차이가 없었다. 당뇨군에서 실제 운동부하의 정도를 평가하기 위해서 측정한 운동부하후 골격 끈파 간의 당원농도(mg/100 g wet wt.)는 각각 $1.0{\pm}0.1$과 $7.7{\pm}0.8$로서 운동부하전과 비교시 모두 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.001, p<0.01). 당뇨군의 골격근과 간의 항산화효소 즉 superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathionc pcroxidase(GPX) 및 catalase(CAT)의 활성도는 운동부하에 의해서 각기 다른 반응을 보였다. 골격근의 SOD 활성도(unit/mg protein)는 대조군에서 $6.3{\pm}0.2$였으며 당뇨군에서는 $5.8{\pm}0.2$로서 대조군과의 사이에 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었으나 운동부하후에는 $5.0{\pm}0.1$로서 대조군과 운동부하전 당뇨군보다 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.001, p<0.01). GPX 활성도(nmol/min/mg protein)는 당뇨군에서 운동부하전후에 각각 $2.3{\pm}0.2$와 $1.8{\pm}0.1$로서 대조군의 $1.6{\pm}0.0$보다 다같이 높았으나(p<0.05, p<0.05) 운동부하에 의해서 영향을 받지 않았다. CAT 활성도(pmol/min/mg protein)는 당뇨군에서 $7.6{\pm}0.7$로서 대조군의 $6.3{\pm}0.7$과 비교하여 차이가 없었으나 훈동부하후에는 $4.6{\pm}0.3$으로서 대조군보다 감소하였으며(p<0.05) 당뇨군의 운동부하전보다도 감소하였다(p<0.01). 당뇨군의 MDA 농도는 대조군과 비교하여 차이가 없었으며 당뇨군에서 운동부하에 의한 영향도 받지 않았다. 간의 SOD 활성도는 대조군에서 $11.3{\pm}0.2$였으며 운동부하전 당뇨군에서는 $9.6{\pm}0.3$으로서 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 당뇨군에서 운동부하전후 측정한 SOD 활성모는 대조군과 비교하여 다같이 감소하였으나(p<0.01, p<0.001), 운동부하에 의한 영향은 없었다. 당뇨군외 GPX와 CAT의 활성도는 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이가 없었으며 당뇨군에서 운동 부하에 의한 변화도 없었다. 운동부하전 당뇨군의 MDA 농도(nmol/g wet wt.)는 $38.5{\pm}1.3$으로서 대조군의 $24.8{\pm}0.9$에 비해서 유의하게 증가하였으며(p<0.001) 운동부하에 의해서는 대조군보다는 높았으나(p<0.001) 운동부하전과 비교하여서는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 당뇨쥐에서 골격근은 운동부하로 인한 산화 스트레스에 대한 적응과정을 통해서 손상이 없었으나, 간 조직은 당뇨병 자체로 인한 산소유리기의 발생으로 손상의 위험이 있었으나 운동부하에 의한 더 이상의 손상은 없었다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

목 적: 왼편 유방암 환자의 경우 오른편 유방암 환자보다 심장과 폐 등 정상장기에 불필요한 선량이 일부 조사됨에 따라 부작용이 우려되고 있다. 이를 줄이기 위해 DIBH기법을 시행하고 있다. Conventional Radiation Therapy, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy의 치료계획 방법에 따라 쇄골상 림프절과 내유 림프절을 포함한 왼편 유방암의 경우 주변 장기의 선량 값을 비교 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 왼편 유방암 환자 중 쇄골상 림프절과 내유 림프절을 포함한 환자 8명을 대상으로 Free Breathing과 Deep inspiration breath-hold 기법을 적용하여 각각 CT-Simulation을 시행한다. 획득한 영상을 기반으로 체표윤곽을 그려 95 %$D_{max}$<110 %이 되도록 Conventional Radiation Therapy, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy방법으로 계획하였다. Conventional Radiation Therapy는 쇄골상 림프절에 1문조사, 유방 부분에 접선 2문조사로 Field in Field 기법을 사용하였다. Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy는 7개의 조사면으로 구성하였다. Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy은 회전반경을 $290^{\circ}{\sim}179^{\circ}$으로 한 2 ARC를 이용하여 계획을 수행하였다. Eclipse의 선량체적용적을 참고하여 주변 정상 장기 선량을 분석하였다. 결 과: Deep inspiration breath-hold기법을 적용함으로 심장과 흉벽 사이의 간격은 평균 $1.6{\pm}0.6cm$ 증가하였다. 폐의 평균 선량은 $19.2{\pm}1.0Gy$로 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy에서 가장 작은 값이 나타났다. 심장의 $V_{30}(%)$은 $2.0{\pm}1.9$로 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy에서 가장 작은 값이었다. 좌전하행 관상동맥에서는 평균 선량이 $25.4{\pm}5.4Gy$로 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy에서 가장 작은 값으로 나타났다. 반대편 유방의 최대선량 값은 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy일 때 $29.7{\pm}4.3Gy$로 가장 작은 값으로 나타났다. 결 론: 주변 정상장기 선량의 값을 비교해 보았을 때, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy와 Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy은 치료에 적용할 수 있는 값으로 나타났다. 이 중 Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy가 적합한 치료계획 방법으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.647-656
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength and marginal microleakage of composite to enamel and dentin according to different treatment methods when the applied bonding agent was contaminated by artificial saliva. For the shear bond strength test, the buccal and occlusal surfaces of one hundred twenty molar teeth were ground to expose enamel(n=60) and dentin surfaces(n=60). The specimens were randomly assigned into control and 5 experimental groups with 10 samples in each group. In control group, a bonding system(Scotchbond$^{TM}$ Multi-Purpose plus) and a composite resin(Z-100$^{TM}$) was bonded on the specimens according to manufacture's directions. Experimental groups were subdivided into 5 groups. After polymerization of an adhesive, they were contaminated with at artificial saliva on enamel and dentin surfaces: Experimental group 1 ; artificial saliva was dried with compressed air. Experimental group 2 ; artificial saliva was rinsed with air-water spray and dried. Experimental group 3 ; artificial saliva was rinsed, dried and applied an adhesive. Experimental group 4 ; artificial saliva was rinsed, dried, and then etched using phosphoric acid followed by an adhesive. Experimental group 5, artificial saliva was rinsed, dried, and then etched with phosphoric acid followed by consecutive application of both a primer and an adhesive. Composite resin(Z-100$^{TM}$) was bonded on saliva-treated enamel and dentin surfaces. The shear bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine(AGS-1000 4D, Shimaduzu Co. Japan) with a crosshead speed of 5mm/minute under 50kg load cell. Failure modes of fracture sites were examined under stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. For the marginal microleakage test, Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of sixty molars. The specimens were divided into control and experimental groups. Cavities in experimental group were contaminated with artificial saliva and those surfaces in each experimental groups received the same treatments as for the shear test. Cavities were filled with Z-100. Specimens were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours and embedded in transparent acrylic resin and sectioned buccolingually with diamond wheel saw. Four sections were obtained from the one specimen. Marginal microleakages of enamel and dentin were scored under streomicroscope and averaged from four sections. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher's LSD. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The shear bond strength to enamel showed lower value in experimental group 1(13.20${\pm}$2.94MPa) and experimental group 2(13.20${\pm}$2.94MPa) than in control(20.03${\pm}$4.47MPa), experimental group 4(20.96${\pm}$4.25MPa) and experimental group 5(21.25${\pm}$4.48MPa) (p<0.05). 2. The shear bond strength to dentin showed lower value in experimental group 1(9.35${\pm}$4.11MPa) and experimental group 2(9.83${\pm}$4.11MPa) than in control group(17.86${\pm}$4.03MPa), experimental group 4(15.04${\pm}$3.22MPa) and experimental group 5(14.33${\pm}$3.00MPa) (p<0.05). 3. Both on enamel and dentin surfaces, experimental group 1 and 2 showed many adhesive failures, but control and experimental group 3, 4 and 5 showed mixed and cohesive failures. 4. Enamel marginal microleakage was the highest in experimental group 1 and there was a significant difference in comparison with other groups (p<0.05). 5. Dentin marginal microleakages of experimental group 1 and 2 were higher than those of other groups (p<0.05). This result suggests that treatment methods, re-etching with 35% phosphoric acid followed by re-application of adhesive or repeating all adhesive procedures, will produce good effect on both shear bond strength and microleakage of composite to enamel and dentin if the polymerized bonding agent was contaminated by saliva.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.505-517
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to provide a drinking water quality on the basis of physicochemical properties. In this study, the 25 samples of supply waters of the Taejon area were sampled twice (February and August in 1999). Hydrochemistry of the supply water belongs to the $Ca^{2＋}$-${HCO_3}^{-1}$ type, whereas the supply water was characterized by the relatively significant enrichment of ${Ca}^{2+}$, ${Na}^{2+}$, ${K}^{2+}$, ${Cl}^{2+}$ ions and heavy metals compared to the original water from the Daecheong lake. Generally, the supply water has a mean values for $10.7^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 6.86 of pH, -12 mV of Eh, 88 ${\mu}S$/cm of EC and 70.379 mg/l of TDS in February, whereas the waters of the same sites in August are a slightly high temperature ($26.1^{\circ}C$), TDS (78.069 mg/l) and extremely high EC (442 ${\mu}S$/cm) value. These values are similar with physicochemical properties of the original lake water depending on the seasonal differences. Results of speciation calculation indicate that potentially toxic ions might exist mainly in the forms of free metal (${Cu}^{2+}$ or ${Zn}^{2+}$) and a small amount of ${CO_3}^{2-}$and ${OH}^{-}$in the supply water. The water seemed to be in equilibrium with kaolinite field of the normal stability diagrams for the natural water. Based on enrichment parameter of the supply water normalized by original lake water composition, the average value of those parameter can be calculated with nearly 1.00, but the those values for Cu＋Zn possible source of decrepit pipe lines are 126.75 in February and 115.63 in August samples. The parameter values varied with sampling sites, however, do not exceed by chemistry of drinking water standard. Solid compounds remained on the membrane filter papers after filtration are adhered to pale yellow or yellowish brown colored dissolved solids and precipitates, which are coated by 0.02 to 0.35 mm thick per 500 ml with colloidal particles of about 1 to 2${\mu}m$ size. The particles are mainly Fe-Cu-Zn compounds and partly detected to Mn and Pb.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2015

본 연구는 대봉감을 이용한 다양한 가공제품 개발을 목적으로 김치 유산균을 활용하여 발효음료 제조기술을 확립하고, 감의 이용성을 확대하고자 실시하였다. 대봉감과 정제수의 1:3 희석액에 당원으로 쌀엿을 첨가하고, 저온살균한 후 L. buchneri BK-1 유산균으로 발효를 진행하였을 때 총산 생성능이 0.75%로 높고, 유산균 생균수가 $1.9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ 수준으로 많았다. 쌀엿 첨가량이 많을수록 총산도는 증가하였는데, 신맛이 너무 강하지 않은 $10^{\circ}Brix$ 수준으로 쌀엿을 첨가하는 것이 기호도 향상에 좋은 것으로 조사되었다. 유산균 종류별 발효 결과, L. buchneri BK-1와 P. inopinatus BK-3 두 유산균을 이용하여 발효를 진행함으로써 총산 생성이 0.80~0.83%로 우수하고 유산균 수가 $2.7{\times}10^8{\sim}5.1{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ 수준으로 많은 음료를 제조할 수 있었다. L. buchneri BK-1 유산균을 이용하여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 발효 시 적정 발효기간은 음료의 신맛이 너무 강하지 않은 총산도 0.60% 미만인 약 4~5일이었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Adhesives in dentistry playa major role in the success of restorative treatments. In the treatment of all ceramic restoration it is needed to find the adequate bond strength between enamel and dentin. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin cement bonded to extracted human uncut enamel, cut enamel, and dentin in vitro. Material and methods. Ten freshly extracted anterior teeth without any previous restorative treatments were chosen. The extracted teeth were embedded in PMMA cold acrylic in the shape of a cylinder, 25 mm in diameter by 25 mm in height. The bonding system used was as follow: Uni-Etch (32% phosphoric acid), One-Step adhesive, Duolink resin cement. The specimens were acid etched and rinsed with water. Two layers of One-Step adhesive were coated with a disposable brush on the uncut enamel. VIP curing light at $500mV/cm^2$ was used to cure the adhesive. For cut enamel shear bond test, the specimen used for uncut enamel was further reduced approximately $0.3{\sim}0.5mm$ using a laminate preparation diamond bur (0.3 mm in depth). The specimens were subsequently treated with 320-grit SiC paper followed by 600-grit SiC paper and cleaned with distilled water. The bonding procedure on the cut enamel was same as uncut enamel bonding procedure. For dentin bonding test, the specimen used for cut enamel was further reduced approximately $0.5mm{\sim}1.0mm$ using a laminate preparation diamond bur (0.5 mm in depth of diamond cutting). The amount of reduction was evaluated with the silicone mold. The specimens were subsequently treated with 320-grit SiC paper followed by 600-grit silicon carbon paper and cleaned in distilled water. The bonding procedure on the dentin was same as uncut enamel bonding procedure. All samples were mounted and secured on the Ultradent shear bond test sample holder, and Ultradent restricted shear bond testing device was used with Universal Instron machine until fracture. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed comparing the result at P<0.05. Multiple comparison (Tukey) was used to compare each groups. Result. The result showed that the mean value in shear bond strength of resin cement bonded to uncut enamel, cut enamel and dentin were 27.04 Mpa, 30.25 Mpa and 26.39 Mpa with respect. Conclusion. Within the limitation of this study, the mean value of the shear bond strength of cut enamel was higher than those of uncut enamel or dentin. However there existed no statistical differences between three different human dentition substrates due to increased adhesive characteristics.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acid etching on the surface appearance and fracture toughness of five glass ionomer cements. Five kinds of commercially available glass ionomer cements including chemical curing filling type, chemical curing lining type, chemical curing metal reinforced type, light curing tilling type and light curing lining type were used for this study. The specimens for SEM study were fabricated by treating each glass ionomer cement with either visible light curing or self curing after being inserted into a rubber mold (diameter 4mm, depth 1mm). Some of the specimens were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 0, 15, 30, 60, go seconds, at 5 minutes, 1 hour and 1 day after mixing of powder and liquid. Unetched ones comprised the control group and the others were the experimental groups. The surface texture was examined by using scanning electron microscope at 20 kV. (S-2300, Hitachi Co., Japan). The specimens for fracture toughness were fabricated by curing of each glass ionomer cement previously inserted into a metal mold for the single edge notch specimen according to the ASTME399. They were subjected to a three-point bend test after etching for 0, 30, 60, and 90 seconds at 5 minutes-, 1 hour-and 1 day-lapse after the fabrication of the specimens. The plane strain fracture toughness ($K_{IC}$) was determined by three-point bend test which was conducted with cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min using Instron universal testing machine (Model No. 1122) following seven days storage of the etched specimens under $37^{\circ}C$, 100% humidity condition. Following conclusions were drawn. 1. In unetched control group, crack was present, but the surface was generally smooth. 2. Deterioration of the surface appearance such as serious dissolving of gel matrix and loss of glass particles occured as the etching time was increased beyond 15 s following Immediate etching of chemical curing type of glass ionomer cements. 3. Etching after 1 h, and 1 d reduced surface damage, 15 s, and 30s etch gave rough surface appearance without loss of glass particle of chemical curing type of glass ionomer cements. 4. Light curing type glass ionomer cement was etched by acid, but there was no difference in surface appearances according to various waiting periods. 5. It was found that the value of plane stram fracture toughness of glass ionomer cements was highest in the light curing filling type as $1.79\;MNm^{-1.5}$ followed by the light curing lining type, chemical curing metal reinforced type, chemical curing filling type and chemical curing lining type. 6. The value of plane stram fracture toughness of the chemical curing lining type glass ionomer cement etched after 5 minutes was lower than those of the cement etched after 1 hour or day or unetched (P < 0.05). 7. Light curing glass ionomer cement showed Irregular fractured surface and chemical curing cement showed smooth fractured surface.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with HCl on blood biochemical profiles in growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age, 88.54${\pm}$3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three groups in a completely randomized design on the basis of their body weight. Animals in all the three groups were fed on concentrate mixture. In addition, they were offered wheat straw, ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level) and HCI treated ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level and HCl added to trap 30% of the NH3 evolved) in groups I, II and III, respectively for a period of 180 days, as per Kearl (1982) for body weight gain of 500 g/d. In all diets, concentrate:roughage ratio was fixed at 50:50 and were made isonitrogenous by adjusting CP levels of conc. mixtures. Blood was collected from jugular vein of each buffalo calf at the beginning and subsequently at two months interval of experimental feeding. Due to urea-ammoniation, the CP content of wheat straw increased from 2.90 to 6.96% and addition of HCl along with urea further increased the CP content to 10.09%. In all the three groups, the mean values of plasma glucose (mg %) and serum globulin (g %), showed a decreasing trend, while the mean value of serum TP (g %), serum A:G ratio, serum urea (mg %), serum creatinine (mg %), serum ALP (KA units), SGOT (units/ml.), SGPT (units/ml), serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ (ng/ml) showed an increasing trend with the advancement of feeding period. The cumulative period mean values of serum TP (6.15 to 6.20 g %), serum albumin (3.07 to 3.18, g %), serum globulin (2.98 to 3.09, g %), serum A:G ratio (1.03 to 1.10), serum ALP (23.15 to 23.63, KA units), serum T$_3$ (1.20 to 1.23 ng/ml) and serum T$_4$ (21.33 to 21.88 ng/ml) were comparable among the groups. The cumulative period mean plasma glucose (mg %) in group III (57.28) was similar to groups I (55.31) and II (59.41), however, the cumulative period mean plasma glucose in group II was significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum urea (mg %) in group III (47.34) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than group I (38.38) and II (42.24), which were statistically alike. However, the cumulative period mean serum creatinine values (mg %) in groups II (1.43) and III (1.52) were similar and were significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I (1.24). The cumulative period mean SGOT (units/ml) in groups I, II and III was 91.71, 96.04 and 96.64, respectively. Similarly the cumulative period mean SGPT (units/ml) was 19.00, 19.93 and 20.01 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The cumulative period mean values of SGOT (p<0.05) and SGPT (p<0.001) in groups II and III were similar and were significantly higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ values in groups I (1.21 and 21.81), II (1.23 and 21.42) and III (1.20 and 21.33) were comparable. From the present study it may be concluded that feeding of AWS treated with and without HCI to growing male buffalo calves for 180 days had no significant adverse effect on blood biochemical profile.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.225-238
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• 1989

동양배(신고(新高))에서 protease를 추출(抽出), 정제(精製)하여 그의 특성(特性)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 배의 protease는 배의 과육(果肉)-정량(定量)과 5mM의 cysteine, 40mM 2-mercaptoethanol 및 2mM의 EDTA를 함유(含有)하는 0.1M-sodium phosphate buffer(pH6.5)0.7배량(倍量)(v/w)을 homogenizer에 넣고 10,000rpm으로 5분간(分間) 추출(抽出)하는 것이 효과적(效果的)이었다. 2. 상기(上記) 방법(方法)에 의(依)해서 파쇄(破碎)한 것을 cheese cloth로 여과(濾過)하여 10,000g로 20분간(分間) 원심분리(遠心分離)하여 얻어지는 상징액(上澄液) 조효소액(粗酵素液)으로 하여 유안(硫安) 분획(分劃), Sephadex G-100 filtration 및 DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography를 거쳐 전기영동상(電氣泳動上)으로 단일(單一)한 효소단백질(酵素蛋白質)을 얻었다. 3. 정제효소(精製酵素)의 비활성(比活性)은 10.78배(倍) 증가(增加)하였고, 활성수율(活性收率)은 722%에 달(達)하였다. 4. 정제효소(精製酵素)의 분자량(分子量)은 SDS전기영동법(電氣泳動法)에 의(依)하여 측정(測定)하였을 때 51,000이었으며, Km값은 $54.5mg/m{\ell}$이었다. 5. 본(本) 효소(酵素)의 작용(作用) 최적(最適) pH는 6.0이었고, pH5.5~6.5에서 안정(安定)하였으며, 작용(作用) 최적(最適) 온도는 $50^{\circ}C$이고, $50^{\circ}C$ 이하(以下)에서 안정(安定)하였다. 6. 본(本) 효소(酵素)는 casein을 가장 잘 분해(分解)하였고 hemoglobin 분해력(分解力)은 casein분해력(分解力)의 55%에 달(達)하였으며, elastin분해력(分解力)은 극(極)히 미약(微弱)하였다. 7. 본(本) 효소(酵素)는 p-chloromercuribenzoic acid에 의(依)해서는 강(强)한 저해(沮害)를 받았고, $HgCl_2$, $MnSO_4$에 의(依)해서도 저해(沮害)를 받았으나 cysteine등(等)의 각종(各種) 환원제(還元劑), EDTA, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride 및 N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone에 의(依)해서는 저해(沮害)를 받지 않았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.665-676
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• 2003

본 연구는 서울지역의 PM$_{2.5}$의 화학적 조성을 조사하기 위하여 2000년 10월 1일부터 200l년 9월 26일까지 계절별(봄, 여름, 가을 겨울)로 PM$_{2.5}$ dichotomous air sampler를 이용하여 포집한 후, ICP-MS를 이용하여 검출한계 이상인 13가지의 중금속 성분(Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Si, V, Zn)과 IC를 이용하여 5가지의 수용성 이온성분($Na^{+}$, NH$_4$$^{+}$, Cl￣, NO$_3$$^{-}$ , SO$_4$$^2$￣)을 측정/분석하였다. 분석결과에 얻어진 PM$_{2.5}$의 농도와 화학적 성분의 농도를 계절별로 비교하였으며, 중금속 성분의 정성적인 발생원의 기여도를 파악하기 위하여 주성분 분석을 실시하였다.1) 조사기간 중 PM$_{2.5}$의 계절별 농도는 겨울(33.91 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) > 봄(28.79 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) > 가을(18.62 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) >여름(14.92 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥) 순으로 조사되어 주로 겨울철에 대기중 PM$_{2.5}$의 농도가 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. PM$_{10}$에 대한 PM$_{2.5}$의 기여도는 33.7~83.5 %로 나타났으며, PM$_{2.5}$PM$_{10}$의 평균비는 0.54로 조사되었고, 회귀분석에서 PM$_{10}$=4.20PM$_{2.5}$+.9.91, $R^2$=0.73 (p < 0.05)의 회귀관계식을 나타나 PM$_{2.5}$로 PM$_{10}$을 73% 수준에서 설명할 수 있었으며 통계적으로 유의한 값을 보였다. 2) PM$_{2.5}$의 중금속 성분은 Si > Fe > Al> Zn >Ca>Ba>V>Pb>As>Cu>Cr>Cd 순으로 높은 농도를 보였다. 중금속 성분의PM$_{2.5}$PM$_{10}$의 비는 인위적인 발생원에서 기인하는 Cd, Cr, Pb, V, Zn과 같은 중금속 성분의 비율이 높은 조사되었고, 자연적인 발생원에서 기인하는 Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, Si와 같은 중금속 성분의 비율이 낮게 조사되었다 특히 Al, Ca, Fe의 비율이 봄철에 높아 중국에서 발생한 황사의 영향을 받은 것으로 사료된다. 3) PM$_{2.5}$ 중 이온 성분의 농도는 NO$_3$￣ > SO$_4$$^2$￣ > Cl￣ > NH$_4$$^{+}$ 순으로 조사되었으며, PM$_{2.5}$PM$_{10}$의 비를 조사한 결과, NO$_3$￣,SO$_4$$^2$￣, Cl￣의 비율이 높아 PM$_{10}$에 포함되어 있는 PM$_{2.5}$가 산성오염물질에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 조사되었다 4) PM$_{2.5}$의 정성적인 발생원을 추정하기 위해 중금속 성분에 대한 주성분 분석의 결과 3개의 주성분으로 나누어 졌으며, 주요 발생원은 자연발생원인 토양성분과 석유연료 연소에서 배출되는 성분으로 추정되어 이 발생원이 중금속 성분 농도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되며, PM$_{2.5}$의 화학적 성분은 지역여건과 기상조건, 계절변동에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 연구결과에서 PM$_{10}$에 비해 인체에 유해한 화학적 성분(중금속, 이온 성분)이 포함되어 있는 PM$_{2.5}$에 대한 철저한 관리 및 규제 설정이 요구되며, 측정지점의 특성상 자동차 배기가스와 금속제련 및 가공에 의한 영향을 주로 받는 것으로 추정되었다 또한 지역여건과 기상조건에 영향을 많이 받는 PM$_{2.5}$에 대한 지속적인 연구와 자료축적이 요구되고 발생원에 대한 정량적인 기여도를 평가하기 위한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.기 위한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.