• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2004

Among the annotated ORFs of Streptomyces coelicolor, SCO7697 was supposed to encode for phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase). The DNA fragment containing SCO7697 was cloned by the PCR from the chromosomal DNA of S.coelicolor A3(2)M. The cloned fragment was introduced into E. coli expres-sion vector, pET28a(+), to yield two recombinant plasmids, pET28-SP and pET28-LP, which were designed to encode different length of proteins. When the pET28-SP and pET28-LP were introduced into E. coli BL21, the transformants successfully overexpressed recombinant proteins, but the molecular weights of the expressed pro-teins were appeared bigger than those of expected in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The shift of cul-tural temperature from 37 to $30^{\circ}C$ made most of expressed protein be solubilized. The expressed protein, however, did not show any phytase activity. When the DNA fragment with its own promoter placed on the E. coli-Streptomyces vector, pWHM3, and introduced into S. lividans, the phytase activity was not detected either. These results suggest that even though the SCO7697 was annotated as a probable phytase with high probability (E value is $6e^{-89}$), the real product doest not have phytase activity.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.861-870
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• 2006

This study was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing coated vitamin C+E with cottonseed on rumen fermentation and body weight gain, blood metabolites and hormone concentrations in Hanwoo steers fed fermented feedstuff. Experiments were done with two treatment groups, T1 without any supplements and T2 supplemented with coated vitamin C+E and cottonseed. Ruminal pH was lower in T2 than in T1 at 3h after morning feeding (p<0.05), but was higher in T2 than in T1 at 6 and 9h after morning feeding (p<0.05). Ruminal ammonia concentration was higher in T2 than in T1 for 12h after morning feeding (p<0.05). Concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total-VFA were higher in T2 than in T1 at 3h after morning feeding (p<0.05), but were lower in T2 than in T1 at 9 and 12h after morning feeding (p<0.05). Average daily gain and concentrations of blood metabolites and hormones between T1 and T2 were similar. Results indicate that supplementation of coated vitamin C+E and cottonseed to fermented feedstuff affects on ruminal pH, ammonia and VFA. But it has no influences on body weight gain and concentrations of blood metabolites and hormones in Hanwoo steers.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined exercise on injury risk factors of lower extremity during landing. Ten sports talented athletes participated in this study. Sports talented athletes participated in a combined exercise (sports talented exercise, coordination) for 16 weeks. A three-dimensional motion analysis was performed using eight infrared cameras (sampling rate of 100 Hz), one force plate, and electromyography system (sampling rate of 1000 Hz) during landing. Kinetic, and kinematics analysis including average impulsive force, angle of lower extremity, vertical stiffness, onset of muscle activation were calculated by Matlab2009a software. Paired t-test was performed at alpha=.05. The average impulsive force in landing phase was not statistically significant (t=-.748, p=.474). The hip joint angle was more decreased in post test compared to pre test (E1: t=2.682, p=.025, E2: t=5.609, p=.000, E3: t=2.538, p=.032). The knee joint (E1: t=-.343, p=.739, E2: t=1.319, p=.220, E3: t=.589, p=.570) and ankle joint (E1: t=.081, p=.937, E2: t=.784, p=.453, E3: t=.392, p=.704) angle were tended to decrease after combined exercise. The vertical stiffness was tended to decrease after combined exercise (t=1.972, p=.080). Onset of quadriceps femoris (t=.698, p=.503) and medial gastocnemius (t=1.858, p=.096) were tended to be faster than biceps femoris (t=-.333, p=.747) after combined exercise. Although thses findings were not statistically significant except on a hip joint angle, risk factors of lower extremity such as joint angle, vertical stiffness and onset of quadriceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius were positively changed after the combined exercise but an additional training for improved onset of biceps femoris would be required in the future.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.191-198
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• 2005

The effects of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) on viability of IMR32 neuroblastoma cells in the presence of ATP or $NAD^+$ have been investigated. 6-AN caused marked reduction in cell viability and similar observations were also made with cells treated with 6-AN+ATP. However, cells treated with $6-AN+NAD^+$ showed cell viability similar to untreated cells. Morphologically, 6-AN and 6-AN+ATP treated cells showed loss of neurites, polyhedric shapes, shrinkage of cell bodies and formation of lysed cells, while $6-AN+NAD^+$ cells did not show any such changes. The flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that 6-AN increased cell population in $G_0/G_1$ phase and decreased cell population in Sand $G_2/M$ phase following a 72 h exposure. Western blot analysis showed that 6-AN stimulated a substantial increase in the level of the cdk inhibitor $p27^{kip1}$, but lowered the levels of cdk2, cyclin E and p-Rb. However, cdc25A and p53R2 were not significantly affected. Immunofluorscence staining of $p27^{kip1}$, cdk2, cyclin E and p-Rb revealed close correlation between the signal observed in the Western blot analysis. 6AN+ATP treated cells showed similar results obtained with 6-AN treated cells in expression of cdk2, cyclin E, p-Rb proteins and $p27^{kip1}$, $6-AN+NAD^+$ cells showed greater expression of cdk2, cyclin E and p-Rb than those in 6-AN and 6-AN+ATP treated cells. The results suggest that 6-AN induced the $G_0/G_1$ phase arrest in IMR32 neuroblastoma cell lines through the increase of $p27^{kip1}$ and the decrease of cdk2, cyclin E and p-Rb.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.115-125
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• 2002

Gram-negative septicemia, which continues to be a serious clinical problem, is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria is a pivotal pathogen of sepsis. To understand the effect of endotoxin on hematological aspect and the time course in early childhood, this study was designed with experimental septic model of young rabbits (8 week-old). Rabbits were divided into control (n=7) and endotoxin group (0.50 mg/kg of endotoxin). The endotoxin group was subdivided into six groups by the sampling times: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr-group (E-G$_{3}$, E-G$_{6}$, E-G$_{12}$, E-G$_{24}$, E-G$_{48}$ and E-G$_{72hrs}$, each n=7). The evaluation of CBC, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen concentration, coagulation factors and D-dimer were taken from the bloods. The number of leukocytes was lower in E-G$_{3}$ and E-G$_{6hrs}$ (due to pantocytopenia), whereas it was higher in E-G$_{24}$ and E-G$_{48}$ (due to neutrophilia and/or lymphophilia) than in control group (P<0.05). Platelet counts in E-G$_{3}$, E-G$_{6}$, E-G$_{12}$, E-G$_{24}$ and E-G$_{48hrs}$ were lower than those of control group (P<0.05). Normoblast counts in E-G$_{3}$, E-G$_{6}$, E-G$_{12}$, E-G$_{24}$ and E-G$_{48hrs}$ were higher than those of control group (p<0.01). APTT in E-G$_{3}$, E-G$_{6}$, E-G$_{12}$, E-G$_{24}$ and E-G$_{72hrs}$ were longer while PT in E-G$_{3}$, E-G$_{6}$, E-G$_{48}$ and E-G$_{72hrs}$ were higher than those of control group (p<0.05). Fibrinogen concentrations were lower in E-G$_{3}$, E-G$_{6}$ and E-G$_{12}$ but higher in E-G$_{48}$ and E-G$_{72hrs}$ than those of control (p<0.05). Intrinsic coagulation factors (XII, XI, IX, VIII) in all endotoxin groups were significantly lower than those of control group (p<0.05). Extrinsic coagulation factor (X, VII, V, II) were lower in E-G$_{3}$, E-G$_{6}$, E-G$_{12}$ and E-G$_{24hrs}$ whereas they were higher in E-G$_{48}$ and E-G$_{72hrs}$ than in control group (p<0.05). D-dimer concentrations in E-G$_{48}$ and E-G$_{72hrs}$ were higher than those of control group (P<0.001). We concluded that endotoxin led to extensive hematological disturbances including disseminated intravascular coagulation in the young rabbits and that this pathologic condition in the infant and childhood groups will cause the grave results.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.437-449
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• 2009

In this paper, we calculate the number of points on elliptic curves $E^{a^3}_0:y^2=x^3+a^3$ over ${\mathbb{F}}_p$ mod 24 and $E^b_0:y^2=x^3+b$ over ${\mathbb{F}}_p$ mod 6, where b is cubic non-residue in ${\mathbb{F}}^*_p$. For example, if p ${\equiv}$ 1 (mod 12) is a prime, and a and a(2t - 3) are quadratic residues modulo p with $3t^2{\equiv}1$ (mod p), then the number of points in $E^{a^3}_0:y^2=x^3+a^3$ is congruent to 0 modulo 24.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.402-413
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate Apolipoprotein E phenotypes and the relationship among lipid levels, nutrient intakes, lifestyles and risk factors between subjects with and without hyperlipidemic risk. The data were collected from 675 industrial male workers who had completed annual medical examination. Compared to the normal group, the hyperlipidemic risk group in Apo E3 and E4 had significantly higher BMI (p < 0.05) and showed significantly higher body fat (%), waist circumference and WHR in all types of Apo E (p < 0.05). In addition, the hyperlipidemic risk group had significantly higher total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and AI than the normal group in all types of Apo E (p < 0.05). Intakes of protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and niacin in Apo E3 were significantly lower in the hyperlipidemic risk group than in the normal group (p < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for other factors, Apo E2 + E4, waist and WHR were the significant risk factors associated with hyperlipidemia, but protein intakes were associated with significantly lower risks of hyperlipidemia (p < 0.05). In conclusion, genetic factor (Apo E2 or Apo E4), anthropometric index and nutrient intake seem to influence hyperlidemic risk. Further studies and efforts will be needed to evaluate the independent relationships among hyperlipidemic risk factors.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.344-348
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• 2001

This study was carried out to examine the effect of vitamin E additive supplements on the meat quality of finishing pigs. Two treatments were provided as commercial diet and commercial diet +vitamin E 200 IU. Dressing percent and carcass length were not different between treatments. Longissimus muscle color and longissimus muscle firmness were a significant differences between two treatments(P<0.05). However, longissimus muscle marbling. longissimus muscle loin area and back fat thickness were not significantly differences. Water holding capacity was increased along the level supplement of vitamin E increased(P<0.05). However. there were not differences on shear force, thawing loss, and cooking loss between treatments. L*, a*, b* and TBARS value were not different between treatments. In conclusion. longissimus muscle color and water holding capacity were affected by vitamin E supplement.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.969-978
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• 2014

The aprE2 gene with its prosequence from Bacillus subtilis CH3-5 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by using plasmid pET26b(+). After IPTG induction, active and mature AprE2 was produced when cells were grown at $20^{\circ}C$, whereas inactive and insoluble enzyme was produced in a large amount when cells were grown at $37^{\circ}C$. The insoluble fraction was resuspended with 6 M guanidine-HCl and dialyzed against 2 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.0) or 0.5 M sodium acetate (pH 7.0) buffer. Then active AprE2 was regenerated and purified by a Ni-NTA column. Purified AprE2 from the soluble fraction had a specific activity of $1,069.4{\pm}42.4U/mg$ protein, higher than that from the renatured insoluble fraction. However, more active AprE2 was obtained by renaturation of the insoluble fraction. AprE2 was most stable at pH 7 and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of AprE2 was inhibited by PMSF, but not by EDTA and metal ions. AprE2 degraded $A{\alpha}$ and $B{\beta}$ chains of fibrinogen quickly, but not the ${\gamma}$-chain. AprE2 exhibited the highest specificity for N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA. The $K_m$ and $k_{cat}/K_m$ of AprE2 was 0.56 mM and $3.10{\times}10^4S^{-1}M^{-1}$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.76-76
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• 2002

본 연구는 Se과 Vit. E 투여수준이 한우 종빈우 번식효율에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여, 한우 종빈우의 임신말기에 적정량의 Se와 Vit .E를 투여하여, 종빈우의 혈액화학치 변화 및 혈중 Vit. E 농도변화를 규명하였다. 1. 분만 1개월 전 Se 과 Vit. E 투여가 한우 종빈우의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 albumin 과 calcium 함량은 각각 투여구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 높았으며 (P＜0.05), 평균 혈중 IP 함량은 각각 Se 과 Vit. E 혼합투여구가 여타구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈다 (P＜0.05). 그러나 평균 혈중 BUN, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol 및 triglycerides 의 함량은 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 2. 분만 2개월 전 Se과 Vit. E 투여가 한우 종빈우의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 혈중 평균 albumin, BUN, cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, IP, TP, triglycerides 및 Ca 함량은 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 3. 한우 종빈우의 분만 l 개월전 Se 및 Vit. E 투여가 한우 종빈우의 혈중 Vit. E 농도에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 Vit. E 농도는 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 농도를 나타냈으나, 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다 (P＞0.05). 4. 한우 종빈우에서 분만 2 개월전 Se 및 Vit. E 투여가 혈중 Vit. E 농도에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 Vit. E 농도는 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없었으며 (P＞0.05), 처리구간 투여횟수의 증가에도 불구하고 혈중 Vit. E 농도는 커다란 차이가 없었다.atform by investigating current and future e-business services platforms involved in domestic and global international banks. Several financial interchange standards which are involved in B2B business of e-procurement, e-placement, e-payment are also investigated.. monocytogenes, E. coli 및 S. enteritidis에 대한 키토산의 최소저해농도는 각각 0.1461 mg/mL, 0.2419 mg/mL, 0.0980 mg/mL 및 0.0490 mg/mL로 측정되었다. 또한 2%(v/v) 초산 자체의 최소저해농도를 측정한 결과, B. cereus, L. mosocytogenes, E. eoli에 대해서는 control과 비교시 유의적인 항균효과는 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 S. enteritidis의 경우는 배양시간 4시간까지는 항균활성을 나타내었지만, 8시간 이후부터는 S. enteritidis의 성장이 control 보다 높아져 배양시간 20시간에서는 control 보다 약 2배 이상 균주의 성장을 촉진시켰다.차에 따른 개별화 학습을 가능하게 할 뿐만 아니라 능동적인 참여를 유도하여 학습효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.향은 패션마케팅의 정의와 적용범위를 축소시킬 수 있는 위험을 내재한 것으로 보여진다. 그런가 하면, 많이 다루어진 주제라 할지라도 개념이나 용어가 통일되지 않고 사용되며 검증되어 통용되는 측정도구의 부재로 인하여 연구결과의 축적이 미비한 상태이다. 따라서, 이에 대한 재고와 새로운 방향 모색이 필요하다고 사료된다.로 사료되며, 임신관련 cytokine에 대한 다양한