• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1254-1262
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• 1998

This study has done to investigate the relationship between the icreased lipid oncentration caused by smoking and plama levels of vitamin A and vitamin E, antiodative enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation , in 52 male smokers and 32 non-smokers, Dietary vitamin A and vitamin E intake was imilar in both smokers and non-smokers. Absolute plasma concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E were not significantly different between two groups, whereas vitamin E/cholesterol ration in plasma was low or in smokers than in that of non-smokers(p<0.05). It was considered that this lowered effect was due to the elevated plasma lipid concentration rather than oxidant stress derived from smoking, in view of the fact that smokers had higher cholesterol (15.2%) adn LDL-C(26.6%) levels than non-smokers. In non-smokers, plasma thiobarbiturin acid reactive substances(TBARS) conrrelated positively with total cholesterol(r=0.63466, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=0.57166, p<0.01) , and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio(r=0.45926, p<0.05) . Activities of glutathione perosidase(GSH-Px) , superoside dismutase(SOD), and catalse made no difference in both groups. However, it was observed in non-smokers that GSH-Px activity had negative correlations with total cholesterol(r=-0.67293, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=-0.62878, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (r=-0.58824, p<0.01), indicating that there was a dependent relationship between lipid perosidation and plasma lipid level. The smokers also showed negative correlations for GSH-Px activity with total cholesterol (r=-0.29946, p<0.05) and LDL-c level (r=0.45914, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-c ratio(r=-0.35438, p<0.05). It seemed that the lipid that the lipid level elevated by sustaines smoking resulted in reducing vitamin E/cholesterol ratio and proportion of antioxidant to oxidant load, and then GSH-Px activity, with insufficient removal of free radicals(TBARS 2.43$\pm$0.51 and 1.81$\pm$0.15nmol/ml in smokers and non-smokers, respectively). These findings suggest that higher plasma lipid levels may play a more important role in perturbing the antioxidant defense system including vitamin E status and GSH-Px activity, at least in circumstances that increase lipid concentration . In addition, in exposure to free radicals like those in cigarette smoke. In those cases the ratio of vitamin E/lipid in plasma can be a more indicator of vitamin E status than plasma levels of vitamin E alone.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.387-388
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• 2006

The influence of porosity (P) on Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio $(\upsilon)$ of sintered steels produced from four types of steel powders was investigated. The values of E and $(\upsilon)$ depend mainly on the value of P, and those were a little affected by alloying elements. The relationships between E, $(\upsilon)$, and P were described as following equations: $E\;=\;E_0{\cdot}(1\;-\;k_E{\cdot}P)^2$ and $\upsilon\;=\;({\upsilon}_0\;-\;\upsilon_{sub}){\cdot}(1\;-\;k_{\upsilon}{\cdot}P)2+\upsilon_{sub}$, where subscript 0 means P = 0, and $k_E,\;k_{\upsilon}$ and ${\upsilon}_{sub}$ are empirical constants. These approximate equations showed good agreement with empirical results.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1035-1041
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• 2012

본 연구는 기업규모, 장부가치/시장가치 비율, 순이익/주가 비율, 현금흐름/주가 비율, 레버리지 등 기본적 변수를 사용하여 주식수익률에 유의적인 변수를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 횡단면 자료와 시계열 자료를 결합한 패널자료(panel data)를 이용하여 패널자료분석방법으로 연구모형을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 일반적으로 패널자료를 사용하면 Hsiao[13]가 지적한 바와 같이 표본의 크기를 확대시켜 자유도를 증가시키고 이론적으로 설명변수간 다중공선성(muti-collinearity) 문제를 완화할 수 있다. 실증분석결과에 의하면 기업규모(SIZ), 장부가치/시장가치 비율(B/M), 순이익/주가 비율(E/P), 현금흐름/주가 비율(C/P) 등이 주식수익률의 횡단면적 차이를 설명할 수 있는 유의적인 변수라 할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6455-6461
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• 2012

Objective: E-cadherin has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many types of carcinoma. However, some studies recently suggested that the role and expression of E-cadherin might be more complex and diverse. In the present study, we evaluated the prognostic value of E-cadherin expression with reference to levels in membranes and cytoplasm, and the membrane/cytoplasm ratio, in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) after curative hepatectomy. Methods: The expression of E-cadherin was assessed by immunohistochemistry in HCC tissue microarrays from 125 patients, and its prognostic values and other clinicopathlogical data were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were followed for a median period of 43.7 months (range 1 to 126 months). Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated that a high membrane/cytoplasm (M/C) ratio of E-cadherin expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P =0.001) and shorter time to recurrence (TTR) (P=0.038), as well as tumor size, intrahepatic metastasis, and TNM stage. In contrast, neither membrane nor cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin was related with OS and TTR. Furthermore, multivariate analysis confirmed the M/C ratio to be an independent predictor of OS (P=0.031). ${\chi}^2$ tests additionally showed that the M/C ratio of E-cadherin expression was related with early stage recurrence (P=0.012), rather than later stage recurrence. Conclusion: The M/C ratio of E-cadherin expression is a strong predictor of postoperative survival and is associated with early stage recurrence in patients with HCC.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.868-876
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• 2014

This study was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary protein to energy (P/E) ratio in juvenile river puffer. Nine experimental diets were formulated with three energy levels and three protein levels at each energy levels. Three energy levels of 3000, 3750 and 4500 kcal diets were included at 45, 50 and 55% crude protein (CP) levels, respectively (45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000, 50P3750, 50P4500, 55P3000, 55P3750 and 55P4500). Fish averaging $3.43{\pm}0.02$ g randomly were fed the experimental diets in triplicate groups for 8 weeks. Weight gain of fish fed the 50P4500 diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000 and 50P3750 diets (P<0.05), but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 50P4500, 55P3750 and 55P4500 diets. Feed efficiency of fish fed the 50P4500 diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000 and 50P3750 diets (P<0.05), but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 50P4500, 55P3000, 55P3750 and 55P4500 diets. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the 45P3000 and 45P3750 diets was higher than that of fish fed 50P4500 and 55P4500, but there was not significantly different from that of fish fed the 45P3000, 45P3750, 45P4500, 50P3000, 50P3750, 55P3000 and 55P3750 diets. Based on weight gain, feed efficiency and specific growth rate, diets containing energy levels 4500 kcal/kg diet had an optimum P/E ratio of approximately 111 mg protein/kcal (50% crude protein) in juvenile river puffer.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.683-694
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• 2011

기후변화에 따른 지역적 영향인 기온 상승과 강수량 변화로 인한 수자원 변화 특성을 파악하기 위하여 기상청(KMA)으로부터 전국 59개 관측지점에 대해서 1973년부터 2009년까지 강수량 및 기온자료를 이용하여 산정한 강수효율자료와 국가수자원관리종합시스템(WAMIS)으로부터 1966년부터 2007년까지 PRMS 모의 유출량 자료를 수집, 분석하였다. 분석결과, 전반적으로 강수효율의 거동은 강수량의 변화 특성을 따르나 지역적으로 강수량이 증가함에도 불구하고 기온 상승에 따라 강수효율이 감소하는 거동을 보였으며, 이는 유출량의 변화 특성과 유사하였다. 또한 유출량의 평균대비 변화율은 강수량 변화보다 상당히 크게 나타나, 기후변화의 영향에 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 강수량이 증가하는 5월~9월을 제외한 전체 기간에 대하여 강수효율은 강수량보다 더 유의한 감소 경향을 나타내고 있어 해당기간의 가용 수자원량이 줄어들 것으로 판단되며, 이러한 특성은 봄, 가을 및 겨울철 수자원 관리에 반영되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of P/S ratio of fatty acid and antioxidant (vitamin E, selenium) supplements on the serum lipid levels and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity in rats. Female 16-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 6 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. While the peroxidizability index (PI) levels of fatty acids in the experimental diets were fixed at 81.22, the levels of P/S ratio of fatty acids were formulated at 0.38, 1.00, 4.81 (LP, MP, HP). These diets were supplemented with vitamin E (1,000 mg/kg diet) and selenium (2.5 mg/kg diet) (LP-S, MP-S, HP-S). This study showed that the serum concentrations of total-cholesterol and HDL-C increased with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p <0.05). Antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered the concentrations of triglyceride (TG) and VLDL-C of serum (p<0.05). Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in the liver tended to decrease with the increasing of the P/S ratio in the diet (p<0.001), but antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver was not significantly different. In addition, antioxidant supplementation significantly lowered TBARS level in the liver (p<0.05), but had no effect on antioxidant enzyme activity except for glutathione reductase (p<0.05). In conclusion, it is necessary to consider the properties of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants supplementation for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2002

In this study, the results of a series of consolidation test for undisturbed Ariake clay in Japan were analyzed by three methods, e-log p (e: void ratio, p: consolidation pressure), log e-log p and n-log p (n: porosity). Moreover, the characteristics of each analysis method were studied. For undisturbed Ariake clay, the log o-Log p and the n-log p relationships can be found as two groups of straight lines of different gradients, but both the elastic consolidation and plastic consolidation regions of e-log p relationship are expressed as a curve. In this paper, the porosity of consolidation yield n$\_$y/, consolidation yield stress p$\_$y/, and the gradient of the plastic consolidation region C$\_$p/ were represented by the log e-log p method, and n$\_$c/, P$\_$cn/ and C$\_$cn/ were represented by the n-log p method. The meaning and the relationships of each value were studied, and the interrelationships among compression indices i.e. C$\_$cn/, C$\_$p/ and C$\_$c/ are obtained from each analysis method as a function of initial porosity n$\_$0/.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.706-716
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of age and dietary linolenic acid content and the linolenic acid/linoleic acid (LAN/LA) ratio on the brain lipid composition and membrane-bound enzyme, acetylcholinesterase(AchE) activities. AchE was selected as a test case for the relationship between cell lipid composition and cell membrane function. The male rats were fed diets with 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 of LNA/LA ratio within 8% LNA(H-LNA) or 4% LNA(L-LAN) of total fatty acid content for different feeding period(1, 4, 12 month). The fats used s source were sesame oil, perilla oil, soybean oil and beef tallow. The AchE activity of brain crude synaptosomal fraction was reduced with advancing age, showing 20-30% reduction in 12M compared with 1 M, and the P/C ratio was reduced in old rats. In 1 and 4 monthed rats, AchE activites was higher in H-LAN-0.2 and L-LNA-0.2 and 0.4 group. In accordance with rising of AchE activities was higher in H-LNA-0.2 and L-LNA-0.2 and 0.4 group. In accordance with rising of AchE activities, the PC/PE ratio increasedin those groups. Paricularly in L-LNA, the PC/PE ratio increased as the AchE activites for decline of membrane fluidity with increasing cholesterol and decreasing P/C ratio when rats were old. Also, AchE activity increaed with increasing PC/PE ratio which depended on the dietary LNA/LA ratio within each LNA content. Therefore, it is concluded that the lipid composition of cell membrane influenced the AchE activiteis, which was mediated by aging and the modification of dietary LNA/LA ratio.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.173-177
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• 1986

P.E. film으로 피복한 포장에서 숫검은밤나방 유충에 의한 담배 피해주율이 낮은 원인을 구명하기 위한 시험에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 피해주율은 무피복구(n)에 비해 P.E. film 피복구(m)에서 63% 감소하였다. 2. 피복한 휴(畦) 내의 일종 최고 토양온도(5cm 깊이)는 무피복구에 비해 조사기간중 평균 $5{\sim}7^{\circ}C$ 높았으며 6월 중순에는 $50^{\circ}C$까지 이르렀다. 3. 유충의 회수율, 토양내 잠복깊이 및 발육 정도 등에서 P.E. film 피복구와 무피복구간에 차이가 없었다. 4. m/n치와 5가지 변형된 피복방법의 결과에 비추어 P. E. film 자체에 의해 숫검은 밤나방유충의 이동 흑은 먹이탐색활동이 방해를 받는 것으로 생각되었다. 5. 숫검은밤나방유충의 사망율은 7월 하순과 8월하순 사이에 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.