• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

Korea Institute of Geology Mining and Materials(KIGAM) has been operating Korean Earthquake Monitoring System(KEMS) to archive the real-time data stream and to determine event parameters (epicenter origin time and magnitude)by the automatic processing and analyst review. To do this KEMS uses the Vindel Hue's velocity model which was derived from Wonju KSRS data. Because KIGAM now receives the real-time data from many stations including Wonju KSRS Cholwon seismo-acoustic array Uljin Wolsung Youngkwang Taejon Seoul Kimcheon Taegu etc. the proper velocity model should be established around the Korean peninsula, In this study P were velocity structures was derived from VELEST program using 69 events among the 835 events determined by KEMS in 1999 which were recorded by at least 5 stations. General trend of velocity structure was similar to Sang Jo Kim's model but velocity value was low in crust and high in upper mantle. Due to the sensitivity of inversion results to the initial input model the artificial short and blast data might be added.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1415-1426
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• 2008

Stone columns, locally called "GCP (granular compaction pile)" can be used to improve strength and resistance against lateral movement of a foundation soil like rigid piles and piers. Also installation of such a discrete column facilitates drainage, and densifies and reinforces the soil in the sense of ground improvement. The integrity of the GCP has been indirectly controlled with the records of each batch including depth and the quantity of stone filled. An integrity testing was attempted using crosshole S-wave logging. The method is conceptionally same as the crosshole sonic logging (CSL) for drilled piers. The only and critical difference is that S-wave should be used in the logging, because P-wave velocity of the stone column is less than that of ground water. The crosshole sonic logger does not have the capability to measure S-wave propagating through the skeleton of crushed stone. An electro-mechanical source, which can generate either P- or SH-waves, and a 1-D geophone were used to measure SH-waves. Two 76mm diameter cased boreholes were installed 1 meter apart across the nominal 700mm diameter stone column. At every 10cm of depth, shear wave was measured across the stone column. One more borehole was also installed 1 meter outward from the one of the above boreholes to measure the shear wave profile of the surrounding soil. The diametric variation of the stone column with respect to depth was evaluated from the shear wave arrival times across the stone column, and shear wave velocities of crushed stone and surrounding soil. The volume calculated with these variational diameters is very close to the actual quantity of the stone filled.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2006

토목이나 환경분야에 적용되는 시추공을 이용한 P파와 S파 속도검층 수행 시 여러 고려해야 할 사항이 있다. 토양이나 풍화암 등 연약층에 설치한 케이싱이 탄성파 측정에 미치는 영향, 사용되는 주파수에 따라 측정되는 탄성파 속도의 변화 등이 그것이다. 또한 속도검층으로부터 구한 탄성계수는 동적특성을 반영한다. 이러한 과제를 극복하기 위해서는 탄성파시험이 설정된 시추공에서는 가급적 케이싱을 설치하지 않고 공벽을 유지하는 시추 기술을 개발, 적용하도록 하고, 속도검층의 목적에 맞는 주파수 대역의 시험법을 적용하도록 해야 하겠다. 또한 내진설계자들이 속도검층에서 구한 동탄성계수와 실내역학시험에서 구한 정탄성계수와의 차이점을 인식하고 적절히 사용할 수 있도록 조언하는 것도 필요하다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2006년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

울산단층의 지하구조를 확인하기 위하여 울산시 농소읍 부근에서 750 m의 측선을 따라 탄성파 자료를 획득하였다. 5 kg의 해머를 지표에 비스듬히 설치된 알루미늄 플레이트에 타격하여 P파와 S파를 동시에 발생시켰으며, 3 m 간격의 10 Hz 3성분 지오폰 16개로 수신하였다. P파 굴절파 자료는 토모그래피 방식으로 역산하였으며, 반사파 자료는 통상적인 처리과정에 경사경로시차보정, 구조보정 등의 과정을 추가하였다. P파 굴절파로부터 구한 속도정보와 S파 및 P파 반사파 중합단면을 해석하여 4개 층을 구분하였다. 상부로부터 각 층의 P파 속도는 $300{\sim}1100\;m/s$, $1100{\sim}1700\;m/s$, $1700{\sim}2700\;m/s$, 2700 m/s 이상이고, 상부 3개 층의 두께는 각각 평균 3.9 m, 5.9 m, 4.4 m 정도이다. S파 중합단면은 10 m 이내의 지질구조 규명에 효과적이었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Complications of diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease, are associated with increased mortality among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Homocysteine has been recently identified as a predictor of cardiovascular disease-related complications in diabetes. We investigated whether or not supplementation with folic acid tablets can lower homocysteine levels and improve parameters related with vascular complications. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a non-randomized 8-week trial involving postmenopausal diabetic women (n = 25) supplemented with $800{\mu}g$ of folic acid ($400{\mu}g$ twice a day) daily. Subjects' serum levels of folate, homocysteine, and vitamin $B_{12}$ were measured, along with vascular function and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. RESULTS: Folic acid supplementation significantly increased serum folate levels (P < 0.0001), reduced homocysteine levels (P < 0.0001), and increased vitamin $B_{12}$ levels (P = 0.0063). There were significant decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as well as the ratios of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocities were not altered by supplementation. Changes in serum vitamin $B_{12}$ after folic acid supplementation were negatively correlated with changes in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. CONCLUSIONS: In this study on postmenopausal Korean women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, folic acid supplementation reduced serum homocysteine levels, increased serum folate and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels, and lowered lipid parameters.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.214-216
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• 2022

분포형 음향 센싱(distributed acoustic sensing, DAS)은 광섬유 케이블을 수신기로 활용하는 탐사기술로서, 석유탐사 및 지진분야에서 모니터링 목적으로 활발히 적용되고 있다. 최근에는 지하매질의 물성정보를 도출하기 위해 분포형 음향 센싱 자료를 활용한 전파형역산 연구가 수행되고 있다. 분포형 음향 센싱은 광섬유 케이블 상의 두 점 간의 위상 차이에 의한 변형률을 측정하기 때문에, 기존 전파형역산 알고리즘에 직접 활용하기 어렵다. 분포형 음향 센싱 자료를 전파형역산에 활용하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 평면파 가정에서의 변형률과 수평입자속도의 관계식을 이용한 평면파 전파형역산 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 수치실험을 통해 평면파 가정에서의 변형률과 입자속도 간의 관계식이 성립함을 확인하였다. 다양한 탐사환경에서 분포형 음향 센싱 자료에 대한 전파형역산의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위해, 육상 및 해저면 탄성파 탐사 환경을 모사한 4층 및 수정된 Marmousi-2 속도모델을 이용하였다. 제안된 전파형역산을 통해 육상 및 해저면 탄성파 탐사 환경하에서 P파 및 S파 속도구조를 정확히 도출할 수 있었다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

지반의 동적 변형 특성인 전단파 속도$(V_s)$, 압축파 속도$(V_p)$, 그리고 그에 따른 포아송 비(v)는 내진 설계나 내진 성능 평가 외에도 구조물의 거동 평가에 필요한 매우 중요한 지반 정수이다. 지난 수십 년 동안 이러한 지반 정수를 효율적이고 정밀하게 측정하기 위하여, 여러 가지 공내 탄성파 시험 기법들이 개발 및 적용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 가장 신뢰성이 높은 현장 탄성파 기법인 크로스홀 탄성파 시험을 지반 동적 물성 획득 기법으로 선정하였다. 지하수위 존재 여부에 관계 없이 토사뿐만 아니라 암반을 대상으로 크로스홀 시험을 성공적으로 수행할 수 있도록, 연직 시추공 안에서 지반을 대상으로 횡방향 가진이 가능한 스프링식 발진 장치를 개발하고, 두 곳의 기존 항만 부두 부지와 신규 LNG 저장 시설 두 부지로 구성된 국내 세 지역을 대상으로 크로스홀 탄성파 시험을 실시하였다. 대상 부지에서의 개발 발진 장치 적용을 통한 크로스홀 시험으로부터 지표 부근 토사부터 하부 공학적 기반암 및 지진학적 기반암으로 구성된 암반까지의 깊이별 $V_s,\;V_p$ 및 v와 같은 지반 동적 특성을 매우 효율적으로 결정하였으며, 적용 대상 시설물인 기존 항만 부두 시설물의 내진 성능 평가 그리고 신규 LNG 저장 시설물의 내진 설계를 위한 근본 자료로 제시하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2010

This study presents the attenuation characteristics of the first guided longitudinal wave mode propagating in water-filled, buried steel pipes in order to investigate the effects of soil saturation and compaction on the attenuation patterns. For numerical calculation of attenuation, 10 different combinations of S-wave velocity, P-wave velocity, and soil densities were considered. From the attenuation dispersion curves, which were obtained using Disperse software, we determined that the attenuation decreases as saturation increases, whereas it increases as compaction increases. Over the frequency range from 0.2 to 0.4 MHz, the first longitudinal wave mode has attenuations that are relatively lower than for other ranges, is faster than the first flexural wave mode, and is sensitive to defects aligned in the axial direction. Hence, the first longitudinal wave mode over the mentioned frequency range would be the proper choice for long-range buried pipelines that transport water.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2020

Floor acceleration plays a major role in the seismic design of nonstructural components and equipment supported by structures. Large floor acceleration may cause structural damage to or even collapse of buildings. For precision instruments in high-tech factories, even small floor accelerations can cause considerable damage in this study. Six P-wave parameters, namely the peak measurement of acceleration, peak measurement of velocity, peak measurement of displacement, effective predominant period, integral of squared velocity, and cumulative absolute velocity, were estimated from the first 3 s of a vertical ground acceleration time history. Subsequently, a new predictive algorithm was developed, which utilizes the aforementioned parameters with the floor height and fundamental period of the structure as the new inputs of a support vector regression model. Representative earthquakes, which were recorded by the Structure Strong Earthquake Monitoring System of the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan from 1992 to 2016, were used to construct the support vector regression model for predicting the peak floor acceleration (PFA) of each floor. The results indicated that the accuracy of the predicted PFA, which was defined as a PFA within a one-level difference from the measured PFA on Taiwan's seismic intensity scale, was 96.96%. The proposed system can be integrated into the existing earthquake early warning system to provide complete protection to life and the economy.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.84-90
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• 2009

An integrity testing for stone columns was attempted using crosshole S-wave logging. The method is conceptionally quite similar to the crosshole sonic logging (CSL) for drilled piers. The critical difference in the logging is the use of s-wave rather than p-wave, which is used in CSL, because s-wave is the only wave sensing the stiffness of slower unbounded materials than water. An electro-mechanical source, which can generate reversed S-wave signals, was utilized in the logging. The stone column was delineated from the S-wave travel times across the stone column, and taking S-wave velocities of the crushed stone and surrounding soil into account. The volume calculated from the diametrical variance delineated is very close to the actual quantity of the stone filled.