• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.49-57
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• 1990

It has been well known that extended exposure to reactive oxygens causes severe damage to susceptible biomolecules. In this study, the effects of flavonoids including trifling and kaempferol from Ginseng leaves on single oxygen induced photohemolysis of erythrocytes and free radical scavenging activities were investigated . Each flavonoid aglycone (5-50UM) such as kaempferol, quercetin or baicalein exhibited a high protective effect against the photohemolysis. They protected the cells by scavenging 102 and free radicals. Although the free radical scavenging activities of the flavonoid glycosides were not much lower than those of their corresponding aglycones, their insolubility into lipid bilayers of membrane made them less effective in preventing the photohemolysis induced by 1O2. The 102 and free radical scavenging activities of flavonoids were estimated by the decomposition of the flavonoid by 1O2 and the bleaching of free radicals by the flavonoid, respectively. The solubilization of the flavonoid into micelle or erythrocytes was deduced from spectrophotometric and microscopic observations. The cooperation of L-ascorbic acid and a flavonoid, and a possible involvement of lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase in the photohemolysis mechanism were discussed. Keywords Panax ginseng C.A Meyer, ginseng leaves, flavonoids, singe1 oxygen, Photohemolysis.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.911-913
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• 2002

Rubi Fructus (fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.), oriental medicine, has been used for remedy of the liver diseases and for tonic. In order to investigate the oxygen free radical, a harmful factor of aging, in liver of rats fed diets supplemented with the Rubi Fructus water extract(RX), Sprague-Dawley male rats have been fed a diet supplemented with 3% or 5% RX for a month. In rats fed 3% RX supplemented diet, hepatic cytochrome P-450 contents appeared to be increased, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly increased compared with the control. There was no difference in glutathione peroxide and glutathione-S-transferase activities between the rats fed RX supplemented diets and the control diet. In conclusion, it is likely that rats fed a diet supplemented with RX may have the oxygen free radicals detoxication potential.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Pine needle extract on lipid oxidation and free radical reaction in iron sources reacted with active oxygen species. The results were summarized as follow; The pine needle extracts didn`t show a distinct effect on reduction of lipid oxidation if the iron ion didn`t exist in oil emulsion. The pine needle extracts played role as a strong chelating agents to bind iron ion if Ferrous iron(Fe\ulcorner) exist in oil emulsion. Ferric iron(Fe) was lower effect than Ferrous iron(Fe) on free radical reaction in oil emulsion. And also, the Fe\ulcorner reacted with pine needle extract did not show distinct effect on free radical reaction, compared to Fe\ulcorner reacted with pine needle extract. And also, Pine needle extracts reacted with H\ulcornerO\ulcorner were tended to show a low oxygen scavenging ability in case of H\ulcornerO\ulcorner only was existed, compared to those of H\ulcornerO\ulcorner + Fe\ulcorner complex. Pine needle extracts were the most powerful Fe\ulcorner binding agents, compared to other strong synthetic antioxidants such as EDTA and DTPA.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.355-358
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• 1992

Oxygen radical은 생물체의 산소대사 과정의 부산물로 생성되어 세포내 여러 성분을 불환성화시키거나 미생물에 대한 방어기전으로 작용한다. 기생충에 존재하는 antioxidant enzyme은 숙주의 방어기전에서 유리하는 oxygen radical의 독성을 제거하므로 이 효소의 활성도는 기생충의 생존에 영향을 미친다고 생각하고 있다. 폐흡충은 피낭유충이 종숙주에 침입한 다음 숙주내 조직이행 시기를 거쳐서 폐에 도달하여 성충이 되므로 이 과정에서 각 시기별 산소독성과 이에 대항하는 효소의 환성이 다를 것으로 추정하였다. 폐흡충의 피낭유충과 감염후 4주, 8주, 12주에 얻은 충체의 추출물을 조효소(조효소)로 하여 SOD, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase의 활성도를 측정하였다. 각 효소의 비환성도(specific activity) 중 catalase는 피낭유충에서 최고치였으며, SOD 와 peroxidase는 4주 충체에서 가장 높았고, glutathione peroxidase는 8주 충체에서 높았다. 이들 4가지 antioxidant효소의 비환성도는 감염 12주인 성충에서 모두 낮게 측정되어 조직 이행시기의 충체에서 더 높은 효 소 활성도를 지니고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.223-228
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• 1995

In an attempt to define the effects of biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on the lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes activities in mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxic rats, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver of the rats at 24 hr after the injection of mercuric chloride. Sprague-Dalwey albino rats were injected subcutaneously with mercuric chloride (5 mg/kg) only and mercuric chloride (5 mg/kg) plus. DDB (200 mg/kg/day, p.o) is administered for 4 days prior to 3 days from the injection of mercuric chloride. The group treated with mercuric chloride showed significantly higher MDA level and lower catalase and SOD activities as compared with that of control group. The group treated with mercuric chloride plus DDB showed significantly lower MDA level and catalase activity and higher SOD activity as compared with that of mercuric chloride-treated group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of superoxide dismutase activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity and DDB has antioxidant effects.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-70
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• 1998

To investigate an effect of Gam-Roa tea on the free radical or alcohol detoxicating enzyme activities, the rats got a drink at the Gam-Roa tea instead of water for 3 months, and then the animals were sacrificed and obtained the following findings. The animals receiving Gam-Roa tea showed a decreasing tendency of hepatic xanthine oxithine oxidase activity and significantly incresed content of cytochrome P-450 compared with the control. Furthermore, hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were also more increased in rats received Gam-Roa tea than in the control group, those receiving water. On the other hand, alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were more increased in rats receiving Gam-Roa tea than the control. In conclusion, it is likely that the liver of rats receiving Gam-Roa tea may have the oxygen free radical or alcohol detoxication potential.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.153-165
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 케미루민센스와 HPLC를 사용하여 산소 표백시 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 리그닌 및 탄수화물의 분해와의 상호관련성을 밝히기 위하여 간단한 리그닌 모델화합물인 아포사이놀과 탄수화물 모델화합물인 $\alpha$-D-glucopyranose와 methyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyronoside를 사용하여 연구하였다. 또한 수산기 라디칼의 생성과 금속이온과의 연관성을 검토하고 탈리그닌을 촉진함과 동시에 탄수화물의 분해를 억제하는 최적의 금속이온 농도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 금속이온의 존재가 수산기 라디칼의 형성과 탈리그닌화에 효과적인 영향을 주며, $Cu^{2+}$ > $Mn^{2+}$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $Fe^{2+}$의 순서로 수산기 라디칼이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 금속이온들은 탄수화물도 분해시키는 문제가 있음을 증명하였다. 그러나 $100{\mu}m\;Mg^{2+}$를 첨가하면 수산기 라디칼의 생성이 억제됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 $Cu^{2+}$은 탄수화물의 안정성에 나쁜 영향을 미쳤으나, $3{\mu}m\;Mn^{2+}$을 첨가하면 놀랍게도 methyl-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside에 대해 약간의 보호효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 이산화염소 라디칼 표백 용액 중에서는 이와 반대로 금속과 관계없이 상당한 양의 수산기 라디칼을 생성하지 않으나 이산화염소 자체의 라디칼이 리그닌만을 선택적으로 분해하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2013

This study is to discuss simulation results with 51 principal chemical reactions in non-thermal plasma space under atmospheric pressure, and the ambient gas was mainly composed of oxygen and nitrogen molecules. The initial density of O and OH radicals under the ambient temperature of 300K is largely generated in comparison with other higher temperature, and the density of O radical decreased from $20{\mu}s$ according to increase the temperature. The initial density of OH radical seemed to decrease steeply at the initial stage. By increasing the initial density of $H_2O$ molecules, O radical's effect was few and the density of OH radical was largely generated about 2 times. In addition, ozone density was increased as increasing the density of O radical, but it was decreased as increasing the density of $H_2O$. In case of the temperature more than 300K, $NO_2$ tend to be removed, but NO was increased than the initial density.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2002

Tea catechins, the most important compounds in tea polyphenols, can efficiently scavenge superoxide anion free-radical ($O_2$.), hydroxyl radical. (.OH) The mechanism of scavenging active oxygen free radicals was investigated by ESR spin trapping technique and Chemiluminescence. Results showed that various tea catechins constitute an antioxidant cycle in accordance with the decreasing order of the first reductive potential, and produce the effect of cooperative strength each other. Esterificated catechins could scavenge active oxygen free radicals more effectively than the non-esterificated ones. When.OH and $O_2$.- were scavenged by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate [(-)- EGCG], the stoichiometric factors were 6, and the rate constants of scavenging reaction reached $7.71{\times}10^6$ and $3.52{\times}10^{11}$ L $mmol^{-1}s^{-1}$, respectively. In the mean time, tea catechins could scavenge superoxide anion fiee radical ($O_2$-.) and hydroxyl radical (.OH) in a dose dependent manner. But at higher concentration or pH value, tea catechins can induce the prooxidant.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2000

The possible mechanism of the DNA strand breaking activity of the hot-water extract of Fructus Chaenomelis (dried fruit of Chaenomeles sinensis) in a closed circular duplex replica form DNA (RFI DNA) was studied through agarose gel electrophresis under various conditions. Induction of DNA strand scission by the hot-water extract of C. sinensis occurred in dose and time-dependent manners. $Cu^{2+}$ was indispensable for the induction of DNA strand breakage. Exogeneous chelating agents inhibited the DNA breaking activity, conforming the catalytic action of $Cu^{2+}$ on generation of free radicals responsible for oxidative damage. Antioxidant enzymes and some radical scavengers were used to investigate the major radical species triggering the DNA strand scission, demonstrating that a highest inhibitory activity was found in the presence of catalase, while less in the presence of tiron (a scavenger for superoxide radical), 2-aminoethyl-isothiuroniumbromide-HBr, cysteamine (scavengers for hydroxyl radical), and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2,2,2] octane (a scavenger for singlet oxygen) in decreasing order. The findings implied that oxygen radical species generated in presence of transition divalent cation during the oxidation of some compounds contained in the hot-water extract of C. sinensis is mainly responsible for inducing genotoxicity.