• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study was analyze the effect combination exercise program on plasma total antioxidant capacity and free oxygen radical according to exercise frequency of elderly. Age range of subject is 65~70 years. Methods：Subjects divided into three groups: control group(0-time), week-3 times group(3-times), week-5 times group(5-times). Each group were performed combination exercise during 8 weeks. Results：The results of each group by ANOVA free oxygen radical have a change(p<.05). We performed comparison of total antioxidant capacity and free oxygen radical pre-test and post-test on each groups. Total antioxidant capacity was increased in the 3-times and 5-times groups but there have not significant. Total antioxidant capacity is improve better than to 5-times. Free oxygen radical is significant increased in the 0-time (p<.05). But 5-times but 3-times is no significant decrease. Free oxygen radical is improve better than to 3-times. Conclusion：In the old people, exercise frequency week 3 times doing appeared effectively in improvement of the free oxygen radical and 5 times doing appeared effectively in improvement of the total antioxidant capacity. So rightly must apply a exercise frequency well in characteristic of old person each person.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.129-142
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative effects of the extract of Scolopendra subspinipes which has been used mainly for detoxication in the oriental medicine and reported to have sedative action, antiinflammatory effect, antihypertensive property and immunity enhancing activity. Method: Inhibitory activities on oxygen radical generating enzymes (aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase) and increasing activities on oxygen radical scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase) were investigated. Furthermore, the content of glutathione in the mouse brain, DPPH radical scavenging activity and also anti-lipid peroxidative effects in vivo and in vitro were estimated. Results: The extract showed weak inhibitory effects on the activities of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase which are oxygen radical generating enzymes. The extract inhibited lipid peroxidation with 26.1% against control group at 500 mg/kg in vivo and with 11.2% against control group at 10 mg/kg in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, which means this drug may protect radical-induced cell damages. The extract showed dose-dependently the scavenging effect on DPPH radical with 24.8% activity at 10 mg/ml in vitro. The extract enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase, which are oxygen radical scavenging enzymes, with 28.9%, 22.3% and 23.1%, respectively at 500mg/kg in vivo. Finally, this extract strongly increased the glutathione content in the mouse barin. Conclusion: Above results indicated that Scolopendra subspinipes can be useful for the protection or treatment of some diseases caused by reactive oxygen species.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

To evaluate the influence of hepatic oxygen free radical systems on liver injury by topical p-phenylenediamine (PPD) application on rat skin, PPD (25 mg/16.5 $\textrm{cm}^2$) was topically applied to the abdominal region 5 times every other day and sacrificed. By PPD treatment, increasing rate of liver weight/body weight (%), serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and decreasing rate of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity were higher in the rats fed tungstate supplemented diet than those fed a standard diet. These findings indicate that group fed tungstate supplemented diet have more severe liver injury compared with group fed standard diet on topical PPD application. However, the activities of oxygen free radical generating enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO) and cytochrome P450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and those of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes were not found to be different between these two animal groups. In the present study, a novel monitoring method to detect the generating of oxygen free radicals in liver extract was devised. Throughout this method, the oxidized PPD produced by oxygen free radicals was determined colorimetrically. The increasing rate of PPD oxidation by liver homogenate was higher in tungstate fed animals than in standard diet fed ones. Among the fractionations of liver extract, the mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions in the liver extract of tungstate fed animals led to a higher availability of PPD oxidation by PPD treatment compared with standard diet fed ones. In conclusion, these results suggest that an enhanced liver injury in tungstate fed animals treated with PPD may be due to oxygen free radicals produced in other systems except oxygen free radicals generating from cytosolic XO system. Especially, oxidative availability by PPD can be used for oxygen free radical detection in some tissue.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.508-508
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• 1996

;The growth of films have considerable interest in the field of superlattice structured multi-layer epitaxy led to realization of new devices concepts. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) with in situ observation by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) is a key technology for controlled layered growth on the atomic scale in oxide crystal thin films. Also, the combination of radical oxygen source and MBE will certainly accelerate the progress of applications of oxides. In this study, the growth process of single crystal films using by MBE method is discussed taking the oxide materials of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu family. Oxidation was provided by a flux density of activated oxygen (oxygen radicals) from an rf-excited discharge. Generation of oxygen radicals is obtained in a specially designed radical sources with different types (coil and electrode types). Molecular oxygen was introduced into a quartz tube through a variable leak valve with mass flowmeter. Corresponding to the oxygen flow rate, the pressure of the system ranged from $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{-6}{\;}Torr{\;}to{\;}5{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{-5}$ Torr. The base pressure was $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^{-10}$ Torr. The growth of Bi-oxides was achieved by coevaporation of metal elements and oxygen. In this way a Bi-oxide multilayer structure was prepared on a basal-plane MgO or $SrTiO_3$ substrate. The grown films compiled using RHEED patterns during and after the growth. Futher, the exact observation of oxygen radicals with MBE is an important technology for a approach of growth conditions on stoichiometry and perfection on the atomic scale in oxide. The oxidization degree, which is determined and controlled by the number of activated oxygen when using radical sources of two types, are utilized by voltage locked loop (VLL) method. Coil type is suitable for oxygen radical source than electrode type. The relationship between the flux of oxygen radical and the rf power or oxygen partial pressure estimated. The flux of radicals increases as the rf power increases, and indicates to the frequency change having the the value of about $2{\times}10^{14}{\;}atoms{\;}{\cdots}{\;}cm^{-2}{\;}{\cdots}{\;}S^{-I}$ when the oxygen flow rate of 2.0 seem and rf power 150 W.150 W.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-109
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• 1993

Non-enzymatic glycosylation and fragmentation of collagen molecule were investigated by irradiating Ultraviolet A(UV-A) with or without scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of glucose. Non-enzymatic glycosylation was increased by UV-A at high concentration of glucose. It was reduced in the presence of the scavengers of superoxide radical and singlet oxygen, but not reduced in the presence of hydroxy radical scavenger. Fragmentation of collagen was increased by UV-A, but it was decreased in the presence of all ROS scavengers tested. Superoxide radical and singlet oxygen produced by autoxidation of glucose without UV-A may encounter the initial phase of glycosylation. Data presented here suggest that UV-A affects only on the fragmentation process, but all ROS except hydroxy radical act on both processes. It appears that hydroxy radical does not act on the glycosylation process.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

To evaluate an effect of liver damage on the dermal oxygen free radical metabolizing enzyme activities, the $CCl_4$ (0.1 ml/ 100 g body wt., 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil) was intraperitoneally given to the rats every other day for 2 weeks. Based on the histopathological findings, liver weight (%), serum alanine aminotransferase, xanthine oxidase activities and hepatic lipid peroxide contents, the animals were induced severe liver damage. In the present liver damaged animal, all the activities of dermal scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased compared with central. And under the cytochemical electron microscopy the more coarse granules of cerrous perhydroxide were found compared with the control. In conclusion, the $CCl_4$-induced liver damage may influence upon the activities of some dermal oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral supplementation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for 4 weeks on the plasma free oxygen radical and total antioxidant capacity at resting and after one bout exercise in healthy old men. Thirty volunteers with an average (+/-SD) age of 62.59+/-5.3 years participated in this study and were divided with three groups; CoQ10 (200 mg daily) group, vitamin C & E (800mg, 400 IU daily) group, and placebo group. A cycle exercise (60% HRR) test was performed at the end of study. Blood samples were taken for the analyses at rest and pre-, post-, 30min after cycle exercise, before and after the 4 weeks of supplementation. After supplementation, there were no significant differences in the plasma free oxygen radical levels and total antioxidant capacity at resting. Plasma free oxygen radical level and total antioxidant capacity in three groups were significantly elevated after exercise, however, it did not vary significantly between groups. CoQ10 supplementation showed significant difference in total antioxidant capacity during recovery phase compared with placebo group. Our results demonstrated that supplementation of CoQ10 in healthy old men improve blood total antioxidant capacity after one bout exercise, despite no alteration of plasma free oxygen radical levels.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 1995

The cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and neuroprotective effects of a variety of agents were investigated in newborn mouse forebrain tissue culture. In our experiments, oxygen radical was generated enzymatically by glucose oxidase and the values were expressed as a percentage of number of living cells by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cytotoxicity of oxygen radicals was prevented by catalase and (N, N, N', N', -tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN), but N-tetra-ot-butyl-phenylnitrone (PBN), and deferoxamine (DFX), failed to show protective effects against oxygen radicals. Antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), 7-chlorokynurenic acid (CKA), and MK801 (a non-competitive NMDA antagonist) were also not effective in blocking neurotoxicity induced by glucose oxidase generated oxygen radicals.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2001

To evaluate the skin toxicity oj topical toluene application, toluene (35 mg/$cm^2$) was sequentially applied to the portion rat skin for five days. The topical toluene application resulted in increased xanthine oxidase activity and CYP content, and significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities at five days in rat skin. Especially catalase activity was remarkably decreased in toluene-applied rat skin. And benzylalcohol dehydrogenase activity showed also a significant decrease in toluene-applied skin. On the other hand, histopathological ultrastructural examination revealed disrupted epidermal basement membrane, rared intercellular adhensions and degenerated keratin layer due to topical toluene application. Increased deposit of cerrous perhydroxide resulted from reaction with $H_2O_2$was abserved in toluene-treated animals. These results indicate that oxygen free radical may be responsible for ultrastructural changes in skin tissue by toluene application to rat skin.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 1999

The effects of scald bum Injury ($40-45\%$ of total body surface area), there were not inhalation and secondary infection, on the histological changes and the levels of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes have been determined in liver tissue of rat models. It was found that dermal epithelium was left out with edema of dermis layer and hydorpic swelling of hepatocytes, Burn injury increased liver weight (L.W./B.W.) and serum aspartate aminotransferase content (pThe data of this study suggest that liver damage Induced by scald burn injury leads to dysbalance of oxygen free radical generating and scavenging enzymes.