• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the hair protection effect of fermented black soybean extracts. The morphological characteristics, tensile strength and constitutional changes of the hair were analyzed and compared when the hair was chemically oxidized and then treated with fermented black soybean extract. As a result, treatment of oxidizing agent on virgin hair caused damage on the cuticle layer of the epidermis and decreased in tensile strength of hair from $14.32{\pm}0.83g/cm^2$ to $12.32{\pm}0.79g/cm^2$. FT-IR analysis showed the peaks at 1,077, 1,041, and $801cm^{-1}$ of the hair treated with oxidizing agent were increased compared to peak values of virgin hair, indicating that cystein in hair was decreased which is crucial to disulfide bond between keratin. On the other hand, when the damaged hair is treated with the fermented black soybean extract, cracks in the cuticle layer of the epidermis were filled, tensile strength was restored to $14.27{\pm}0.96g/cm^2$ and the ratio of oxidized cysteine in hair was decreased. These results suggest that the fermented black soybean extract is worthy of further investigation as a protective material for hair damaged by oxidizing agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.329-333
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• 2016

Disinfection by electrolysis would be useful for small wastewater treatment plant, combined sewer overflow, ballast water, swimming pool, and fish farming, where the transport, storage, and the use of chlorine gas is limited. This study investigated the feasibility of the electrolysis of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) for disinfection. The effects of HCl concentration, voltage and reaction time on the generation of oxidizing agents, HOCl, $O_3$, and $H_2O_2$, were examined in a series of batch test. The highest current efficiency was 99.3% which was found at 2.2%, 3 V, and 5 min of HCl concentration, voltage, and reaction time, respectively. Continuous electrolysis at 2.2% HCl, 3 V, and 5 min of the hydraulic retention time showed 97.4% of the current efficiency. Addition of sodium chloride up to 20 g/L linearly increased the oxidizing agents production. 92.2% of total coliforms were removed by the contact with the electrolyzed water.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.170-174
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• 2006

Methylene blue is a basic thiazine dye frequently used for histologic staining. In clinical toxicology settings, it is also used to treat clinically significant methemoglobinemia. It has dose-dependent oxidation or reduction properties, acting as a reducing agent at lower doses and as an oxidizing agent at higher doses. Hemolytic anemia and hyperbilirubinemia are known toxic effects of methylene blue treatment that have been reported clinically. A 42-year-old woman developed significant methemoglobinemia after acute dapsone overdose; she was treated appropriately with intravenous methylene blue in the therapeutic range. The patient's methemoglobin levels returned to normal. However, 2-4 days later she was noted to have rebound methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. A repeat of Coomb's test and other anemia workups were negative. For management of methylene blue-induced hemolytic anemia, she was administered steroid therapy, N-acetylcysteine, and a blood transfusion. She ultimately recovered, and there were no long-term sequelae from the methylene blue poisoning.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.459-462
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• 2000

The pretreatment of used newspaper for the enzymatic digestion preprocess was performed on a percolation reactor and a batch reactor. The test condition of percolation process was $170^{circ}C$, 60min, 1 mL/min, and 400psi, that of batch was $40^{circ}C$, 3hr. and latm Reaction solutions used in pretreatment process were aqueous ammonia, sulfuric acid, water, and hydrogen-peroxide as an oxidizing agent. As a result, the effect of pretreatment was similar to batch and percolation process, but the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis was higher in batch than percolation. This batch pretreatment enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis rate and increased glucose yield from about 15 to 20%. The inhibition factors influenced the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated, and the ink contented newspaper was the major factor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

Carbon soot emission from combustion processes, especially from diesel engines, is a subject of growing concern since soot is known to seriously affect human health. Efforts have been made to oxidize soot particles utilizing Non-Thermal Plasma(NTP) techniques. When oxygen is carried into a plasma device, electrons generated by the plasma dissociate the oxygen, resulting in the formation of oxygen atoms. These highly activated atoms, called O radicals, are known as strong oxidizing agent. This paper presents concentration variations of CO and $CO_2$ at the exit of the plasma device, resulting from the soot oxidation by O radicals, with variations of inlet oxygen concentration, gas temperature, and gas flow rate. Based on the data, Arrehenious rate constants of reactions between C(s)+O and C(s)+O+O were proposed.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.433-449
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• 2016

The successful application of cleaning protocols is vital for optimized filtration processes. A series of experiments with an ultrafiltration ceramic tubular membrane were carried out for the foulants dextran and carboxymethyl cellulose. Firstly, the impact on fouling of concentration changes was investigated with the increase in resistance being used as the key parameter. In the second phase, removal of reversible fouling was also investigated by employing intermittent rinsing consisting of a cold water rinse followed by a hot one. A comparative analysis for both foulants is reported. Across a range of concentrations and for both foulants, the reduction in resistance due to rinsing was found to depend upon concentration (C); it changed as $C^n$ where n was found to be 0.3. A plausible semi-theoretical explanation is given. Thirdly, for both foulants, the application of a combination of strong alkaline solutions with oxidizing agent (mainly sodium hypochlorite) followed by acid was found to be appropriate for cleaning of the ceramic membrane. The effect of increased temperature for cleaning agents followed by a warm water rinse contributed positively to the cleaning capability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.57-60
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• 1998

Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) was synthesized by use of FeCl$_3$ as a oxidizing agent at $25^{\circ}C$. The infrared spectrum of our polymer gave good evidence for the conjugation of 3-hexylthiophene monomer unit. P3HT contains the HT(head-to-tail) linkage larger than 64% based on NMR analysis. Electronic absorption and photoluminescence studies show that cast films of P3HT have three exciting state. Absorption spectrum was separated with three maximum peaks by Giese-French method and shifted to the shorter wavelength with increasing temperature. Separated absorption spectrum of P3HT is well adapted to PL peak appeared at longer wavelength. Low temperature PL spectrum is well separated at 669nm, 733nm and 812nm.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.42-47
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• 2018

E. coli TG1 pBS TOM Green was cultured to produce toluene-o-monooxygenase (TOM). A biosensor system was successfully constructed using purified TOM to effectively detect trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene (PCE), which represent some of the major contaminants in groundwater and soil. In order to utilize TOM as a sensor, NADH, a biological oxidizer, was replaced with hydrogen peroxide which is a chemical oxidizing agent. A three-layered sandwich-type sensing tip was fabricated on the outside of the hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride membrane. TCE and PCE were applied to the sensor and the hydrogen ions were measured by a fiber optic fluorometer using fluoresceinamine. Calibration curves were obtained for TCE and PCE in the concentration range of 0.2-100 mg/l, and the detection limit of the system was $10{\mu}g/l$ for TCE and PCE.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.14-21
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• 2009

In this article, silk fabric was treated with silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) as oxidizing agent, with conditions such as concentration, and treating time, and subsequently treated with reducing agents such as sodium boron hydride ($NaBH_4$) and sodium sulfide ($Na_2S$) to obtain cathodic coloration. After coloration of silk fabric, dyeing properties (K/S value), colorfastnesses such as wash, rubbing and light, and antibacterial activity property were examined. $AgNO_3$ treating time and reducing time did not influence K/S value, whereas the pH value at alkaline region showed a high K/S value of silk fabric. The cathodic colorations of silk fabric with both of reducing agents at $30^{\circ}C$ have excellent color fastnesses. Also the high antibacterial activities were obtained by the treatment with silver nitrate even at 1% of lower concentration.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.279-288
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• 2002

Zinc phosphating for cold forming of steel was studied with emphasis on decreasing phosphating temperature. To lower phosphating temperature, some techniques, such as adding Cu ion into bath, using activator in the form of pre-dip, and aeration in bath, instead of using conventional accelerator, namely oxidizing agent, have been tried. It was revealed that phosphating, leading to coatings of Improved uniformity and fine crystal size, can be carried out using above techniques at lower temperature ($55^{\circ}C$) compared to conventional phosphating temperature ($80 ~ 90^{\circ}C$ ). Under present condition, it was seen that optimum concentrations of Cu ion in phosphating bath and activator in pre-dip are 0.015% (w/w) and 2.0 g/1, respectively. The coating weight was within the range of 15 ~ 20 g/$\m^2$. When lubricant was applied into phosphating coatings, the amount of lubricating component (total soap) was found to be 6 ~ 10 g/$\m^2$ and the lubricated panel revealed excellent lubricating properties.