• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.768-774
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• 2017

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzes the oxidation of aromatic compounds by hydrogen peroxide via insoluble polymer formation, which can be precipitated from the wastewater. For HRP immobilization, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fine carrier supports were produced by using the Nano Spray Dryer B-90. Immobilized HRP was used to remove the persistent 2,4-dichlorophenol from model wastewater. Both extracted (9-16 U/g) and purified HRP (11-25 U/g) retained their activity to a high extent after crosslinking to the PLGA particles. The immobilized enzyme activity was substantially higher in both the acidic and the alkaline pH regions compared with the free enzyme. Optimally, 98% of the 2,4-dichlorophenol could be eliminated using immobilized HRP due to catalytic removal and partly to adsorption on the carrier supports. Immobilized enzyme kinetics for 2,4-dichlorophenol elimination was studied for the first time, and it could be concluded that competitive product inhibition took place.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.8 no.3_4
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• pp.123-126
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• 2001

We have attempted to determine the Germanium ion (G $e^{4+}$) effect on the human body by observing the formation of artificial lipid membrane and photolysis in the mineral water containing G $e^{4+}$ ion. The artificial lipid membrane is prepared by using the phospholipid in the Germanium water and the formation efficiency of the liposomes is compared with those obtained in the plain mineral water without G $e^{4+}$ ion. This work shows that the liposomes are formed in the Germanium water better than in the non-Germanium water. The liposomes can be photolyzed by superoxide anion ( $O_{2-}$$^{.}$) produced in the presence of some peptide such as NAT (N-acethyl-L-tryptophan). However, this is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), and it was found that the activity of SOD on the inhibition of the liposomes oxidative damage is higher in the Germanium water than in the non-Germanium water. It is concluded that the G $e^{4+}$ ion in mineral water helps the formation of new cell as well as elevation of SOD activity for the lipid oxidation.n.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.799-805
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• 2010

Since the consumption of spent laying hens as roasted skewered meat increases, the effects of various carotenoids on pigmentation and antioxidant activity were tested with 62-wk-old 250 ISA brown laying hens to improve the quality of chicken meat. In a 6-wk feeding trial, 4 carotenoids with different polarity (${\beta}$-8-apo-carotenoic acid ethyl ester (ACAEE)>astaxanthin>canthaxanthin>${\beta}$-carotene) at 100 mg carotenoid/kg feed were used. The more polar the carotenoids, the higher were the levels in blood. After 5-wk adaptation, the concentrations of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and ACAEE in blood were -4 ${\mu}g/ml$. Canthaxanthin decreased significantly (p<0.05) the level of total blood cholesterol. Decreases in blood triglyceride by all carotenoids used were significant. ACAEE and astaxanthin tended to increase skin yellowness of thigh, breast, and wing proportionally to feeding period. In the case of polar carotenoids (ACAEE and astaxanthin), the longer the period of feeding, the higher the accumulation in skin was observed. Only astaxanthin was effective against the production of lipid peroxides in skin. Conclusively, out of the commercially available carotenoids we tested, astaxanthin is recommended for pigmentation of skin and inhibition of lipid oxidation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2011

The radical scavenging activity and inhibition effect from lipid peroxidation induced by peroxyl radical of methanol extract from Perilla frutescens and its active compound, rosmarinic acid (RA), were investigated in vitro. The treatment of extract and RA scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) and nitric oxide in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, the extract and RA showed strong radical scavenging activity against ${\cdot}OH$, the most toxic and reactive radical. In addition, Perilla frutescens and RA effectively inhibited lipid oxidation induced by sodium nitroprusside and 2,2'-azobis(2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride, determined by the ferric thiocyanate method. The present results suggest that Perilla frutescens and RA play a protective role against oxidative stress induced by free radical and lipid peroxidation.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2024

Objectives : As a substitute for high-price ginseng, this study attempted to examine a possibility of the ferment extract of Panax ginseng sprout whether leaves and roots can be used together as a cosmetic ingredient with anti-oxidative and wrinkle-care effects. Methods : In terms of a test method, antioxidant activities were confirmed through total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity using the Panax ginseng sprout. In addition, to assess wrinkle-care effectiveness, the cytotoxicity of the extract was analyzed through MTT assay, and inhibition of collagenase activity in the cells was tested using the Panax ginseng sprout fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Resuits : The content of polyphenols and flavonoids in natural plants was highest in Panax Ginseng Sprout Extract at 100℃, which also demonstrated high DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity. MTT assay demonstrated that the Panax Ginseng Sprout Ferment Extract did not have a cytotoxic effect in CCD-986SK cell. Also, Panax Ginseng Sprout Ferment Extract was found to inhibit MMP-1 expression by 51.85±6.09% at a concentration of 10%. Conclusions : Therefore, this study has confirmed a possibility of Panax ginseng sprout ferment extract as a cosmetic ingredient with MMP-1-inhibitory effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.700-704
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• 2008

Nitrite and free ammonia have been known as substrate inhibitors in anaerobic ammonium oxidation. To reduce inhibitory effect of these substrates, the NH$_3$-N/NO$_2$-N ratio in the influent could be properly controlled in anaerobic ammonium oxidation process. Five kinds of NH$_3$-N/NO$_2$-N ratio were assayed in batch to find optimum NH$_3$-N/NO$_2$-N ratio, curtailing substrate inhibition. As the results of batch test, the highest T-N removal efficiency of 88% was obtained at 1.00 : 1.30 of NH$_3$-N/NO$_2$-N ratio. In addition, rate constants for ammonium and nitrite in zero-order kinetics were found to be the highest values as 7.66 mg/L$\cdot$hr and 11.89 mg/L$\cdot$hr at 1.00 : 1.30 ratio, respectively. However, as for the specific anammox activity, the ratio of NH$_3$-N/NO$_2$-N ratio was recommended as 1 : 1.15 which can maintain the highest SAA during continuous operation and preclude the accumulation of nitrite in the reactor.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.425-432
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• 2015

This study was performed to develop high-value-added biomaterials for health and beauty products. Extracts of ethanol and hot water and their subsequent organic solvent fractions were prepared from Lees of Wookukseng (LW), a commercialized Korean traditional rice wine. We investigated their activities on blood coagulation, platelet aggregation, hemolysis against human red blood cells (hRBCs), and anti-oxidation. The water content, pH and brix of the LW were 80.3%, 3.94 and 13.0°, respectively. The yield of ethanol extraction (6.62%) was 3.15 times higher than that of hot-water extraction (2.1%), and the ethyacetate fraction (EAF) of ethanol extract showed the highest content of total polyphenol (128 mg/g) among the various fractions. In anticoagulation activity assay, the EAF of ethanol extract showed a 15-fold extension in TT, PT, and aPTT, indicating that the EAFs contain various inhibitory substances against thrombin, prothrombin and coagulation factors. In anti-platelet aggregation activity assay, the butanol fraction and water residue of ethanol extract showed significant inhibition activity. The activities were comparable to aspirin, a commercial anti-thrombosis agent. The above extracts and fractions did not show hemolysis activity against hRBC up to 5 mg/ml, and had radical scavenging activity against DPPH anion, ABTS cation and nitrite. Our results suggest that the active fractions prepared from LW, which has no specific usage until now, have a high potential as novel resources for anti-thrombosis agents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the oxidative stress-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in HaCaT keratinocyte. Anti-oxidative activity of resveratrol was measured by a,a-diphenyl-b-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate oxidation assay. GJIC of HaCaT keratinocyte was assessed using the scrape loading/dye transfer technique. Western blots and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were also analyzed for Connexin 43 protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Resveratrol scavenged directly the stable DPPH radical over a concentration range of 4 mg/$\mell$ (78.2 $\pm$ 2.7% of control) to 500 mg/$\mell$ (29.9 $\pm$ 4.2% of control) and prevent to increase the intracellular fluorescence induced by oxidative stress significantly. Ultraviolet A irradiation (UVA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate markedly reduced GJIC, which was restored by resveratrol. There were no significant differences in the level of Connexin 43 protein and mRNA expression among any of the experimental groups. Our data suggests that resveratrol has the protective effect on the oxidative stress-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in HaCaT keratinocyte and this protection is likely due to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.224-231
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on the oxidative stress-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in HaCaT keratinocytes. Anti-oxidative activity of resveratrol was measured by $\alpha,\alpha$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl assay and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate oxidation assay. Gap junctional intercellular communication in HaCaT keratinocytes was assessed using the scrape loading/dye transfer technique. Western blots and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were also analyzed for connexin 43 protein and mRNA expression, respectively. Resveratrol scavenged directly the stable $\alpha,\alpha$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl radical over a concentration range of 4 mg/ml ($78.2{\pm}2.7$% of control) to 500 mg/ml ($29.9{\pm}4.2$% of control) and decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species induced by ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation ($89.3{\pm}1.1$% of UVA group), ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation ($70.9{\pm}1.7$% of UVB group) and 12-0-tet-radecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA, $48.3{\pm}1.1$% of TPA group), respectively. UVA irradiation and TPA markedly reduced gap junctional intercellular communication, which was restored by resveratrol. There were no significant differences in the level of connexin 43 protein and mRNA expression among any of the experimental groups. Our data suggests that resveratrol has the protective effect on the oxidative stress-induced inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication in HaCaT keratinocytes, and this protection is likely due to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1052-1059
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• 2011

The contents of bioactive and antioxidative activities (DPPH (${\alpha},{\alpha}'$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl), free radical scavenging activity, peroxidation of linoleic acid and rat hepatocyte microsome, and Fe/Cu reducing power, tyrosinase inhibition activity) were tested by in vitro experimental models using water, hot water, ethanol and methanol extracts of leaves (ASL), roots (ASR), stems (ASS) and fruits (ASF) from Acanthopanax senticosus. Hot water extract from ASL showed the highest extraction yield (16.04%) as well as highest contents of phenolic compounds (2.67%) and flavonoids (1.43%). Major minerals were K, Ca and Mg. In oxidation in vitro models using DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Fe/Cu reducing power, $Fe^{2+}$/ascorbate-induced linoleic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods, tyrosinase inhibition activity and autooxidation of rat hepatic microsomes membrane, and antioxidative activities were strong in Acanthopanax senticosus. From these results, ASL extracts were shown to have the most potent antioxidative properties and contain the highest amounts of antioxidative compounds such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. These results may provide the basic data to understand the biological activities of bio-active materials derived from leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus.