• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

This study analyzes the innovation performance of venture firms according to existence of venture capital investment, and according to type and ownership of venture capital. Venture firms are IPO firms that are registered on KOSDAQ between the year 2000 and 2016. They are categorized as corporate venture capital-backed firms (CVC) and independent venture capital-backed firms (IVC). Using patent data from KIPO (Korean Intellectual Property Office), we employ the number of patents and the citations per patent as the measurement of the innovation output. We find the positive association between the venture capital-backed firms and the number of patents before going public. Corporate venture capital-backed firms are positively associated with the number of patents before and after IPO. However, we do not find strong evidence between the number of citations and the existence of venture capital investment or the type of venture capital. Lastly, we provide an inverse U-shaped relationship between the innovation performance and venture capital's ownership. In other words, the innovation output, both the number of patents and the number of citations, gradually increases as the venture capitalist's ownership increases, but also shows a decrease pattern, suggesting that the venture capitalist's ownership does not only spur the innovation but also gives a negative effect on venture firm's innovation output such as excessive intervention. Overall, we reveal that the most important factor for the innovation performance is not the existence of venture capital investment or the type of venture capital, but the ownership of the venture capitalist.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.95-110
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze contributing factors to the perception of elderly's residential problems and satisfaction. The sample in this study consisted of 556 elderly husband and wives over 55 years old living in Seoul Daejeon Jeonju and Daegu. Statistics employed for the analysis were frequencies means one-way anova and umltiple regression analysis. The results could be summarized as follows. Deficiency of privacy was the worst status and then noise and air-pollution and the level of facilties in residential space. And the perception of residential problems could be affected by age health the type of family the number of family the ownership of house the type of house location and the economic status The significant variable positively related to the residential satisfaction were the healthy conditon of eldely ownership of house living in multihousing the perception of privacy and high level of facilities in the house.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.129-137
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• 2010

This study surveys the degree of residents' satisfaction on the current street space to suggest alternatives for the improvement of the street space design in detached house areas. In the results of the survey, we find the following. First, in the result of analysis on age, residential term, having children or not, income level, and type of house ownership, residents are homogeneous in social and economic characteristics. There are similarity in geographical, locational conditions, neighboring facilities, deterioration of residential house, and the time of residential formation among residential areas. Second, satisfactory determinants of residents on street space according to street types, are maintenance, protection of privacy, and parking space. Third, satisfactory determinants of residents on street hierarchy is the inner circulation road while unsatisfactory one is the inner roads. Fourth, age, residential term and type of house ownership are significant factors influencing residents' satisfaction. Factors influencing satisfaction on street space are also affecting total satisfaction and factors associated with street environment are perceived more important ones than factors associated with street activities. Thus we find the degrees of satisfaction for residents on street type and street hierarchy are different despite that general characteristics of residents are similar. We also find residents consider street noise and maintenance as critical factor among physical factors of street space.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.41-50
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• 2007

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

Using 1855 observations from 5 years-371 firms panel data during 2010 to 2014 in Chinese stock exchanges, this study examines the impact of managers' ownership on R & D expenditures. The empirical study finds that when firms are state-owned, managers' ownership have negative relation with the level of R & D expenses as well as the likelihood of executing R & D investment, implying that managers are less likely to invest in high risky projects due to managerial ownership's entrenchment effects to pursue private benefits rather than alignment of interest effect as shareholders. The empirical study also finds that when firms are private-owned, managerial ownership are inverse U shaped related to the level of R & D expenses, implying that managers are less likely to invest in high risky projects due to increasing risk aversion resulting from concentration of private wealth at its high level while managers are more likely to invest in high risky projects due to increasing incentives as shareholders at its low level. The results support that the effects of managerial ownership on R & D expenses may be different according to the ownership type of Chinese listed firms.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.187-207
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to examine the business performance difference based on the ownership structure type in the aspect of profitability and stability. In order to conduct this analysis in two aspects, the ship financial institutions have been classified into two groups: state-owned banks and private-owned banks. First of all, the difference of ROE and ROA between private and public ship financial institutions is statistically significant, but no difference has been shown in terms of stability measured through BIS capital adequacy ratio. Second, to test the business performance difference according to the ownership structure types before and after the global financial crisis, we examined the outcome difference in the ship financial institutions in terms of profitability and stability. However, in the event that the analysis was conducted with public and private financial institutions, the business outcome difference before and after the global financial crisis has been shown in the sector of private financial institutions, but has not been shown in the sector of public financial institutions. It is meaningful that this study is the first work which examined the difference of the operating performance by the ownership structure types of ship financial institutions. However, it is noted that small sample for this empirical study is a limitation of this thesis.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-183
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• 2014

This paper examines how the concentration of ownership in firms influences the R&D investment decision and whether the type of a firm's management (i.e, the owner-manager or professional manger) differentiates the relationship between the ownership concentration and R&D investments by using data of Korean pharmaceutical companies between 2004 and 2008. The results show that the share of the largest shareholder and R&D investment have an inverted U-shaped relationship, and whether a CEO is an owner or a professional manager affects the curvature of the inverted U-shaped relationship. Specifically, when a firm's CEO is a professional manager and the share of his stock is small, increase in the CEO's share increases the R&D investment in the larger amount than when a firm's CEO is an owner. This is because the increase in ownership reduces agency cost; However, when the share of his stock is large, the increase in CEO's share decreases R&D investment in the larger amount than when a firm's CEO is an owner. This is because a professional manager gets concerned over excessive risk exposure more than an owner-manager does.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.599-608
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• 2017

This study investigated factors that are associated with companion animal ownership among urban elderly persons. This study was based on data from 2014 Seoul Survey, and a total of 4,717 people aged 60 years or older were selected for the analyses. Community level data were from 2014 Seoul statistics and they included park area per person, number of elderly recreational facilities, and number of public sports facilities based on 25 districts of Seoul Metropolitan City. This study examined differences between companion animal owners and non-owners concerning individual level factors and community level factors. Factors that are associated with companion animal ownership were examined using multilevel logistic regression analysis. Among individual level variables, companion animal ownership was associated with gender, marital status, income, number of household members, and housing type. Among community level variables, park area per person was a significant factor that is associated with companion animal ownership. Study findings can be used Based on study findings, implications of the study and directions for future research are discussed.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2001

A digital watermark Is a perceptually unobtrusive signal embedded in some multimedia asset such as an Image for copyright protection. In many cases watermark detection amounts to thresholding a correlation vague between a watermark and a received image. Watermarking detection schemes can be classified into two types. Type 1 is based on a correlation process that is applied to the difference between an original image and an input Image to be tested. Type 2 is based on a correlation process that is directly applied to an input Image. The type 1 fails to prove the rightful ownership, while type 2 has an advantage in terms of rightful ownership compared with type 1. However, type 2 has a problem that doesnt appear in type 1. The problem is that correlation between a watermark and an original Image to be watermarked is trio significant to be ignored, when it Is normalized by watermarks energy. In this paper, based on the analysis of the correlation, we propose a novel watermarking scheme to minimize the effect and also verify the performance of the proposed scheme by experiments.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.1632-1642
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• 2005

Is there my relationship between a port information system and a port type? This paper aims to define its relationship through a study on the port types of advanced countries and their information systems. In terms of port ownership and its governing body, the port type can be divided into 4 types: state-run, public corporation, local government-run, and private ownership. According to the port type, the major activities of ports are different. In the case of a state-run and local government-run port, they put emphasis on the function of administration, but a public corporation and private ownership stress the importance of customer services. The study results of the mutual relationship of a port type and an information system show that the state-run and local government-run ports have a good administration-oriented system, and public corporation and privatized ports have an excellent customer-oriented community system and e-business system. The differences in the information system by port type provide an important suggestion to the improvement of information system of Busan Port Authority. As Busan port has been transformed from a state-run type to a public corporation, a new port information system has to be followed. Accordingly, this study has suggested a three-stage development plan: The first is a mirroring stage of stabilizing the port management, the second is a cooperation stage of enhancing customer services through the establishment of a community system, and the third is an e-business stage of developing a profit system in order to create value added.