• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1969

Effects of graded increase of positive lung inflation upon heart rates and arterial blood pressure were observed in the anesthetized dogs to analyze the mechanical and neural regulatory factor in response to the positive inflation of the lung. The results obtained were summarized as followings: 1) When the low grade of positive lung inflation was employed under the mild to moderate anesthesia, central venous pressure was linearly increased while heart rate was decreased. After bilateral vagotomy, central venous pressure was obviously increased while heart rate was constant. 2) When the high degree of positive lung inflation was employed, changes of central venous pressure and heart rate were not significant. 3) The low grade of intrapulmonary pressure increase caused reflex tachycardia in phase 2 and overshooting in phase 4 in response to the systemic arterial blood pressure change. 4) On the other hand, the high degree of intrapulmonary pressure increase caused paradoxical bradycardia in phase 2 and lack of overshooting in phase 4 in response to the systemic arterial blood pressure change. 5) It may be noted that the experimental model employed in the present study is a useful tool to evaluate and analyze the neural and mechanical regulatory factor in response to the graded increase of the positive lung inflation.

• 대기
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.153-176
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• 2024

At 0843 UTC 30 May 2021, a commercial aircraft encountered severe turbulence at z = 11.5 km associated with the rapid development of Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) in the Gyeonggi Bay of Korea. To investigate the generation mechanisms of Near-Cloud Turbulence (NCT) near the MCS, Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to reproduce key features at multiple-scales with four nested domains (the finest ∆x = 0.2 km) and 112 hybrid vertical layers. Simulated subgrid-scale turbulent kinetic energy (SGS TKE) was located in three different regions of the MCS. First, the simulated NCT with non-zero SGS TKE at z = 11.5 km at 0835 UTC was collocated with the reported NCT. Cloud-induced flow deformation and entrainment process on the downstream of the overshooting top triggered convective instability and subsequent SGS TKE. Second, at z = 16.5 km at 0820 UTC, the localized SGS TKE was found 4 km above the overshooting cloud top. It was attributed to breaking down of vertically propagating convectively-induced gravity wave at background critical level. Lastly, SGS TKE was simulated at z = 11.5 km at 0930 UTC during the dissipating stage of MCS. Upper-level anticyclonic outflow of MCS intensified the environmental westerlies, developing strong vertical wind shear on the northeastern quadrant of the dissipating MCS. Three different generation mechanisms suggest the avoidance guidance for the possible NCT events near the entire period of the MCS in the heavy air traffic area around Incheon International Airport in Korea.

• 인지과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.37-51
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• 2000

컴퓨터 모니터에 제시되는 표적의 물리적 특성(표적의 크기, 표적까지의 거리, 표적의 방향, 주변자극들의 조밀도 등)이 입력도구에 따라서 표적의 탐색과 선택반응의 정확성과 반응시간에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 실험 1에서는 단순 표적이 현재의 커서위치로부터 방향과 거리를 달리하여 제시되었을 때 마우스를 이용한 포인팅 반응을 분석하였다. 그 결과, (1) 과대이동(overshooting)의 비율이 정확이동이나 과소이동(undershooting)보다 높았다. (2) 이러한 경향은 상하 혹은 좌우의 정방향보다는 사각방향으로 이동할 때 그리고 표적이 멀리 있을수록 증가하였다. (3) 과대/과소이동의 빈도는 사각에서 현저하였으나, 그 정도는 오히려 정방향에서 더 컸다. (4) 전체 수행과정을 계획, 이동, 조정, 반응수행단계로 구분할 때, 반응시간의 결정요인은 표적까기 마우스를 이동하는 단계였다. 실험 2에서는 실제 단어를 표적으로 사용하여 표적의 방향과 거리뿐만 아니라 표적의 크기와 방해자극들의 조밀도 수준을 체계적으로 변화시켰을 때, 키보드와 마우스에 의한 표적 선택시간을 분석하였다. 표적의 크기로는 한글 96의 글자크기 10, 12, 14를 사용하고, 자극들의 조밀도는 줄간격 100, 150 200%를 사용하였다. 그 결과, (1) 전반적으로는 키보드에 비해 마우스를 이용한 선택 반응시간이 짧았지만 커서를 상하 또는 좌우로만 이동하는 조건에서는 오히려 키보드의 반응시간이 더 짧았다. (3) 줄간격이 조밀하고(100%) 표적의 크기가 작을 때(10) 반응시간이 가장 길었다. (4) 키보드의 경우에는 줄간격 150% 조건에서 반응시간이 가장 짧은 반면, 마우스의 경우에는 줄간격이 커짐에 따라 반응시간이 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 마지막으로, 이 연구의 결과가 시사하는 입력도구의 특성과 표적의 물리적 특성간의 상호 관련성이 시스템의 설계에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지 논의되었다.=-0.71435*)이었으나, 괴경중 총당 함량과는 정의 상관(r=0.78018*)을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 해충종합방제 프로그램을 확립하고 또한 새로운 내충성 품종의 육성에 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각된다.복현상에 대한 해석이 이루어져야 하겠다. 유의하게 높았으며, 남자노인보다는 여자노인이 식품섭취에 계절에 의한 영향을 더욱 더 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장수 노인들은 가공식품보다는 계절마다 제철에 생산 되는 자연 식품의 섭취비율이 높았다. 전반적으로 장수노인들은 소식의 경향을 보였으며 이 와 같은 소식습관과 신선한 식물성 식품들의 일상 섭취가 건강한 장수에 영향을 미쳤을 가 능성도 있을 것으로 사료된다.며, 지방 조직내 지방축적에 영향을 미친다는 것을 말해 준다.에서 하는 부모교육과 반상회의 홍보자료에 반상회의 홍보자료에 반드시환경친화적 음식소비행동에 관한 교육이 포함되어야 한다. 조리사의 경우 정기교육과정에 환경친화적 음식소비행동에 관한 홍보를 함께 함으로써 외식이나 단체급식에서 발행하는 음식물 쓰레기의 양을 줄 일 수 있을 것이다.m its genes controlling host specificity to its population sturctures and dynamics, have begun to provide new insights into the potential mechanisms underlying race variation. In this review we aim to provide an overview on (a) the molecular basis of host specificity of M. grisea, (b) the population structure and dynamics of rice pathogens, and (c) the nature and mechanisms of genetic changes underpinning virulence

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

A family of the structure-dependent methods seems very promising for time integration since it can simultaneously have desired numerical properties, such as unconditional stability, second-order accuracy, explicit formulation and numerical dissipation. However, an unusual overshoot, which is essentially different from that found by Goudreau and Taylor in the transient response, has been experienced in the steady-state response of a high frequency mode. The root cause of this unusual overshoot is analytically explored and then a remedy is successfully developed to eliminate it. As a result, an improved formulation of this family method can be achieved.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2009년도 제40회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1727_1728
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• 2009

Nowadays DC-DC converter has been used widely in electronic production. It has a high requirement in wide input voltage, load variations, stability, providing a fast transient response and lower overshoot. However, it is not easy to be controlled because of its nonlinearity. In this paper, the nonlinear model of DC-DC converter is approximatedby four linear models and sub-controllers are designed by using the LMI guaranteeing the stability of the sub-systems at the same time. For the robust of the control system, an integral sliding mode control (ISMC) is applied together with LMI fuzzy controller. The proposed controller supports a fast and almost no overshooting transient response for the DC-DC converter control.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 1997

This paper describes the design and evaluation of new type piezoelectric bimorph actuator that shows much large mechanical response than those conventional types. The bimorph actuator has modified structure combined with the multilayer actuator(MLA) and the composite multilayer actuator called "Moonie". The design and performancean alysis of bimorph actuator are carried out with Finite Element Method (FEM). Theoretical calculation results show that the generating force and displacement of Moonie-modified bimorph actuator can be improved by about 130% and 150%, respectively. The overshooting and ringing phenomena of the bimorph can be effectively restrained by the pseudo step electric field having a rising time coincied with a period of the fundamental vibration mode of the bimorph.e bimorph.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1998

고속 디지털 MCM 응용을 위해 MCM-D 와 MCM-SLC 배선에서 CMOS 버퍼의 신호상승시간에 따른 신호전송특성을 연구하였다. 고속신호처럼 버퍼의 내부저항이 배선의 임피던스보다 작아 발생하게 되는 과도한 ringing은 MCM-D와 같이 lossy line의 전송감쇠 효과로 overshooting 이나 undershooting을 줄일 수 있지만 ringing에 의한 신호왜곡을 근 본적으로 막기위해서는 CMOS버퍼와 배선사이에 적절한 종단을 통해 임피던스 비해 크면 배선의 캐패시턴스에 의해 RC 지연이 증가한다. 그런데 MCM-D 배선은 단위길이당 캐패 시턴스도 작고 배선길이를 줄일수 있으므로 총 RC 지연은 MCM-SLC보다 작았다. 결론적 으로 MCM-D 배선이 MCM-SLC 배선에 비해 고속 디지털 MCM기판으로 적합한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2012

In this study, the plastic flow behaviors of extra deep drawing quality (EDDQ) steel subjected to non-proportional strain paths were investigated. Two-step uniaxial tension tests, in which the first step was performed in the rolling direction (RD) and the subsequent test in different directions in $15^{\circ}$ increments from the RD, were conducted. The experiments clearly showed that stress overshooting and strain hardening stagnation were the dominant features, which were captured reasonably well using a recently proposed distortional hardening model.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2012

An M-shaped SiC gas igniter was fabricated by a reaction sintering followed by nitrogen doping. The igniter showed both resistivity at room temperature and NTC to PTC transition temperature values that were lower than those of commercial igniters. It was deduced that the doped nitrogen reduces the electrical resistivity at room temperature, while, at high temperature, the doped nitrogen and a trace of $Si_3N_4$ phase work as scattering centers against electron transfer, resulting in a lowered NTC-to-PTC transition point (below $650^{\circ}C$). Such characteristics were correlated to the fast heating speed (as compared to the commercial models) and to the prevention of the high temperature overshooting of the nitrogen-doped SiC igniter.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.483-483
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• 2000

The Fuzzy Preview Control (FPC) design methodology using I-PD Preview Control (IPC) and Optimal Preview Control (OPC)[6] are discussed in this paper. First we show a new fuzzy controller with single input single output, and build a relationship between it and the I-PD Control proposed by Kitamari, as well as Optimal Control with some specific equations. We also give the stability analysis with Lyapunov theorem. On this way, we can design a Fuzzy I-PD Controller (FIC) very easier and more effective. Then, preview control element design methodology of FCP was given according to IPC and OPC. Third, to make the system more rapidly and more little overshooting, two factors are given to adjust the controller's properties. At last, the performance of FPC is revealed via computer simulation using a nonlinear plant.