• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2006

A schematic map is a special purpose map which is generated to recognize it's objects easily and conveniently via simplifying and highlighting logical geometric information of a map. To manufacture the schematic map with road, label and icon, we must generate simplified route map and replace many geometric objects. Performing a give task, however, there are an amount of overlap areas between geometric objects whenever we process the replacement of geometry objects. Therefore we need replacing geometric objects without overlap. But this work requires much computational resources, because of the high complexity of the original geometry map. We propose the schematic map generation system whose map consists of icons and label. The proposed system has following steps: 1) eliminating kinks that are least relevant to the shape of polygonal curve using DCE(Discrete Curve Evolution) method. 2) making an evenly distributed route using CVT(Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation) and Grid snapping method. Therefore we can keep the structural information of the route map from CVT method. 3) replacing an icon and label information with collision avoidance algorithm. As a result, we can replace the vertices with a uniform distance and guarantee the available spaces for the replacement of icons and labels. We can also minimize the overlap between icons and labels and obtain more schematized map.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.171-188
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• 2013

Landuse changes and cadastral information error categories in the four major river areas were analyzed for the use of policy data as cadastral re-arrangement of national and public lands would be required, using high-resolution air-photographs and cadastral maps before and after the river development. The study sites were the river areas of 40km around four dams of the Nakdong river where their landuses were changed most. As the results, national and public lands reached 79.9% of land parcels and 93.3% of land areas of the study sites similar with those of the four river areas, 84.3% of land parcels and 85.5% of land areas. The landuse classification of the study sites before the four river development was consisted most of 'river'(71.6%) and 'rice field'(12.3%), but after the development the 'river' was reduced to 42.7% and 'park area'(19.6%) including sport fields and 'mixed lots'(20.8%) were increased. Also, 86.7% of land parcels before the development could be reduced after the development if administrative districts and land ownerships were not considered. Cadastral information error categories can be found as cadastral polygon missing, polygon overlap, location and boundary non-coincidence, small polygon generation, and non-coincidence between cadastral boundary and river boundary. Landuse change monitoring method using air-photographs will be useful to analyze landuse state through fast information aquisition and to manage properties of national and public lands such as river areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.177-188
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• 2019

Recently, citizens are feeling anxious as 'Motiveless Crime' increases. The quality of citizens life is degraded and the degree of crime fear is increasing. In this study, based on various variables related to crime other than actual crime occurrence status, crime occurrence points (point line polygon) felt by citizens are created by using mental map methodology. And the purpose of this study is to derive the area of concern for crime through spatial overlap analysis using kernel density estimation analysis. It also uses spatial overlay analysis using kernel density estimation to derive areas of concern for crime occurrence. As a result, the local residents' request point and the areas of concern for crime were overlapped. In addition, the mental map indicating the fear of crime was constructed by mapping mainly the areas between the facilities, the non-construction area such as the narrow area, the security CCTV, the streetlight. This study is meaningful in that it tried to derive a crime occurrence concern area by using mental map method unlike the previous study related to crime. The results of this study, such as mental map, could be used in various fields such as construction of fragile crime map, guideline of crime prevention through environment design.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2022

Currently, the conflict between use and conservation of the ocean is intensifying in the ocean, so it is essential to introduce an effective method to define and manage it in advance for each core value of ocean. Accordingly, although the ocean is divided into nine marine use zone and managed through marine spatial planning, the analysis of the sea areas where mutually exclusive activities overlap in the ocean is insufficient. In this study, an automated model was developed to derive a sea areas where the core values of the ocean conflict. In order to analyze marine activities, available data on marine activity were collected, and data necessity for the analysis of mutually exclusive marine activities were derived. After classifying the derived data into legal and characteristic data, a conflict matrix was prepared through pairwise comparison between data to designate priorities when overlapping occurs. Based on the designated priorities, an automation model was developed, and sea areas where marine activities conflicted were derived, visualized, and area calculated. Using this, it is judged that the efficiency of decision-making can be improved by clearly deriving the sea areas where major issues occur in establishing the marine spatial planning.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.182-185
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• 2005

Satellite cameras are calibrated before launch in detail and in general, but it cannot be guaranteed that the geometry is not changing during launch and caused by thermal influence of the sun in the orbit. Modem satellite imaging systems are based on CCD-line sensors. Because of the required high sampling rate the length of used CCD-lines is limited. For reaching a sufficient swath width, some CCD-lines are combined to a longer virtual CCD-line. The images generated by the individual CCD-lines do overlap slightly and so they can be shifted in x- and y-direction in relation to a chosen reference image just based on tie points. For the alignment and difference in scale, control points are required. The resulting virtual image has only negligible errors in areas with very large difference in height caused by the difference in the location of the projection centers. Color images can be related to the joint panchromatic scenes just based on tie points. Pan-sharpened images may show only small color shifts in very mountainous areas and for moving objects. The direct sensor orientation has to be calibrated based on control points. Discrepancies in horizontal shift can only be separated from attitude discrepancies with a good three-dimensional control point distribution. For such a calibration a program based on geometric reconstruction of the sensor orientation is required. The approximations by 3D-affine transformation or direct linear transformation (DL n cannot be used. These methods do have also disadvantages for standard sensor orientation. The image orientation by geometric reconstruction can be improved by self calibration with additional parameters for the analysis and compensation of remaining systematic effects for example caused by a not linear CCD-line. The determined sensor geometry can be used for the generation? of rational polynomial coefficients, describing the sensor geometry by relations of polynomials of the ground coordinates X, Y and Z.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2004

Purpose: To make a focal trough (image layer) for an average maxillary dental arch of 6-year-old korean in panoramic radiography. Materials and Methods : Phantom for the maxillary dental arch was designed using intercanine width, intermolar width, tooth size, and interdental spacing to record the data of 6-year-old child. The characteristics of pre-corrected panoramic machine (for adult) was evaluated using the phantom, resolution test pattern for margin of the image layer, and metal ball for the center of the image layer. Panoramic image layer of the child was developed by means of decreasing the speed of film-cassette and positioning the phantom backwards, and then the characteristics of post-corrected panoramic machine (for child) were reevaluated. Results: At post-corrected panoramic image layer, beam projection angles at all interdental areas increased for about 2.6-3.8°, the position of the image layer was shifted toward the rotation center for about 2.5 mm at the deciduous central incisior area. The width of image layer decreased at all areas. Conclusion : Increased beam projection angle will reduce the disadvantage of tooth overlap, and the same form between the center of the image layer and dental arch will improve image resolution.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.29-50
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• 2016

This study aims to find out tendencies of transition of family values in newspapers which were published in May. The study was conducted on content analysis of Chosun and Donga daily newspapers in odd dates of May from 1970 to 2014. Based on preceding research, family values were classified into sub areas such as 'Value of Family,' 'Value of Marriage,' 'Value of Children,' 'Value of Filial Piety' and 'Value of Sex Role.' The collected articles were classified into five sub areas. This study collected 288 articles considering overlap count. According to the study, the newspapers seem to be interested in 'Value of Family' and 'Value of Children', but not 'Value of Marriage'. And academic, social, political efforts to improve family life or raise a necessity to change family values can evoke mass media's interest about family values. Meanwhile, some newspaper articles appear to support an opinion that 'The Healthy Families Act' postulates a claim like 'the traditional family is a normal family'. It seems that newspapers misunderstood about 'The Healthy Families Act.' So we should judge what is more right between two opinions because mass media can reconstruct reality. The tendency of transition of family values is actually slight or the tendency of family values in newspapers cannot show actual family values. Moreover, we have to reconsider that highlighting just 'paternity' can make men overlook other roles in the household like caring for children or cleaning.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.938-945
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• 2004

On the relationship between the red tide occurrence and the oceanographic factors in the middle coastal area in the South Sea of Korea, the favorable oceanographic conditions for the red tide formation are considered as follows； the calm weather increases sea water temperature in summer and early-fall which the red tide occurs frequently, and the heavy precipitation brings some riverine water to ween: low salinity, high suspended solid, low phosphorus and high nitrogen, respectively. We decided the potential areas in the coastal zones vulnerable to the red tide occurrence based on the limited factors controlling the growth of phytoplankton. By using GIS through the overlap for three subject figures (phosphorus, nitrogen and suspended solids), it was founded that the potential areas are the Yeosu∼Dolsan coast, the Gamak bay, the Namhae coast, the Narodo coast, the Goheung and Deukryang bay. This result has very well coincided to the results of the satellite and in-situ data.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.06c
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• pp.33-36
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• 2001

With all the researches to define human genom and to look for some new bio-activated material in the bio-technology field recently, it is more highly needed to analyse DNA or so called Material than ever before. First, the lanes are extracted based on histogram analysis and projection technique. And then three other approaches are applied for band extraction: SB, RG-1, and RG-2. In SB method, a search line is set dividing each lane equally and vertically to find peaks and valleys. And according to them, minimum enclosing rectangle of each band is determined. In RC-1 approach, on the other hand, band areas are extracted by region growing with the peaks as seeds, avoiding the overlap with the neighboring bands. In RC-2 approach, peaks and valleys are searched in two lines that trisect the lane vertically, and the pair of peaks in the same band are determined, and then used to grow the region. To compare the accuracy of the three suggested methods, we measure the location and amount of bands. The result shows that the mean deviation of the location is 0.06, 0.03, and 0.01 for SB, RG-1, and RC-2 respectively. And the mean deviation of the amount of bands is 0.08, 0.05, and 0.02 for SB, RG-1, and RG-2 respectively. In conclusion, the RG-2 method suggested in this paper appears to be the most reliable on the degree of the accuracy in measuring the location and amount of bands

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.9C
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• pp.853-858
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• 2006

TMHMM(Tied Mixture Hidden Markov Model) is an important approach to reduce the number of free parameters in speech recognition. However, this model suffers from a degradation in recognition accuracy due to its GPDF (Gaussian Probability Density Function) clustering error. This paper proposes a clustering algorithm, called HCNN(Homogeneous Centroid Neural network), to cluster acoustic feature vectors in TMHMM. Moreover, the HCNN uses the heterogeneous distance measure to allocate more code vectors in the heterogeneous areas where probability densities of different states overlap each other. When applied to Korean digit isolated word recognition, the HCNN reduces the error rate by 9.39% over CNN clustering, and 14.63% over the traditional K-means clustering.