• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

In Korea nearly all the subjects teach environmental education in the secondary school. In addition we have a separate environmental education subject (environmental subject). This could be a very strong point in the Korean environmental education. The environmental subject and the other subjects, however, overlap in teaching materials and methods in almost all aspects. Because of this, the environmental subject has not done its job effectively, and is sometimes considered as an unnecessary surplus. To effectively play its own role in environmental education, the subject should focus on environmental issues rather than on contamination, which it is focusing on now. The contamination-focused environmental subject simply teaches nearly the same contents that the other subjects teach. In addition, it makes students visit actual sites related to pollution in order to encourage them to be aware of the severity of pollution. However, it has difficulty in teaching how environmental problems occur in a society and how the social decisions are made to resolve the problems. To overcome this difficulty the environmental subject should employ discussion classes more substantially, which let students investigate social aspects as well as scientific aspects of environmental problems and make integrated decisions through interdisciplinary approaches, to make students understand social mechanisms of environmental problems. The subject should focus on teaching what factors influence producers' and consumers' behavior and what factors they should consider when they have to make decisions on environmental issues. It should leave teaching technical knowledge and skill to the other subjects, and train students by the integrated approach which makes them see technology through a sociologist's eye. Although such integrated approach is emphasized in the environmental subject, environmental teachers should be trained to understand technological knowledge and skill in profound depth.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.241-252
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• 2023

이 연구는 학생들이 어려워하는 화학의 여러 개념 중 하나인 동적 평형에 대한 학생의 이해를 높이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 동적 평형은 입자들의 끊임없는 움직임과 상호 작용을 미시적으로 이해하고, 이를 통해 발현되는 거시적인 특성을 이해할 수 있도록 실제와 표상이 겹친 준미시적 수준으로 다루어야 한다. 하지만 9종의 화학 I 교과서를 분석한 결과 평형에 대한 표현 방식은 다소 한계가 있었다. 준미시적 표상 접근을 통해 평형을 이해할 수 있는 전략으로 스크래치를 활용한 수업을 4차시로 구안 하였고, 56명 학생을 대상으로 실행하였다. 4차시 수업은 6단계로 구성이 되며, 단계적으로 평형을 이해하도록 설계하였다. 사전 검사와 사후 검사를 비교한 결과, 학생들이 화학 평형에 대해 미시적 설명과 거시적 설명을 모두 옳게 하는 학생이 크게 증가하였다. 이를 통해 준미시적 표상의 접근 방식으로 스크래치를 활용한 수업의 적용 가능성을 엿볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2007

To enhance therapeutic potential of murine monoclonal antibody, humanization by CDR grafting is usually used to reduce immunogenic mouse residues. Most humanized antibodies still have mouse residues critical for antigen binding, but the mouse residues may evoke immune responses in humans. Previously, we constructed a new humanized version (AKA) of mouse CC49 antibody specific for tumor-associated glycoprotein, TAG-72. In this study, to select a completely human antibody light chain against TAG-72, guided selection strategy using phage display was used. The heavy chain variable region (VH) of AKA was used to guide the selection of a human TAG-72-specific light chain variable region (VL) from a human VL repertoire constructed from human PBL. Most of the selected VLs were identified to be originated from the members of the human germline VK1 family, whereas the VL of AKA is more homologous to the VK4 family. Competition binding assay of the selected Fabs with mouse CC49 suggested that the epitopes of the Fabs overlap with that of CC49. In addition, they showed better antigen-binding affinity compared to parental AKA. The selected human VLs may be used to guide the selection of human VHs to get completely human anti-TAG72 antibody.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.177-189
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• 2001

Multicarrier DS-CDMA is an effective approach to combat fading and various kinds of interference. In this paper, we present an overlapped multicarrier DS-CDMA system, wherein each of the rate 1/M convolutionally-encoded symbols is also repetition coded and transmitted using overlapped multicarriers. However, since the frequency spectrums of successive carriers are allowed to overlap, the transmission bandwidth is more efficiently utilized. The effect of the overlapping percentage between successive carriers of a multicarrier DS-CDMA system on the performance is investigated to determine the overlapping percentage showing the best performance. We suggest two methods for sub-band overlapping variation. One is to allow variation of sub-band overlapping percentage when the total number of subcarriers is fixed. The other is to increase the number of sub-bands (the number of repetitions R) with fixed sub-band bandwidth. Given a total number of subcarriers MR, we show that the BER variation is highly dependent on the roll-off factor ${\beta}$ of a raised-cosine chip wave-shaping filter irrespective of convolutional encoding rate 1/M and repetition coding rate 1/R. We also analyze the possibility of reduction in total multi-user interference by considering the variation of both the roll-off factor ($0<{\beta}{\leq}1$) and the sub-band overlapping factor ($0<{\lambda}{\leq}2$), and show that the proposed system may outperform the multicarrier DS-CDMA system in [3].

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 2002

The purpose of this study uses agricultural knowledge system theory to explore how the extension system in South Korea was developed and have worked well. By agricultural knowledge system we emphasized the dynamic networks of actors, processes of negotiation, and the diverse ways in which knowledge is constructed and performed. It was possible that individuals may participate in and utilize multiple knowledge systems. The knowledge systems reflected the idea that the boundaries between knowledge groups were not closed and that there could be considerable overlap between knowledge systems. The constructions of agricultural knowledge systems thus included social interactions, communication, and the diverse processes individuals employ to create, use, and evaluate multiple types and sources of information. As such, there were six priorities to development agricultural extension system; the linkage between agricultural colleges, Rural Development Administration(RDA), branch of RDA, establishing the research institution of research and extension linkage. exchange research agent with extension agent, developing information technology system, bottom-up approach, the linkage between national project and regional within extension projects, enforcement of informal learning.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권9C호
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• pp.853-858
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• 2006

음성인식에서 TMHMM(Tied Mixture Hidden Markov Model)은 자유 매개변수의 수를 감소시키기 위한 좋은 접근이지만, GPDF(Gaussian Probability Density Function) 군집화 오류에 의해 음성인식의 오류를 발생시켰다. 본 논문은 TMHMM에서 발생하는 군집화 오류를 최소화하기 위하여 HCNN(Homogeneous Centroid Neural Network) 군집화 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 CNN(Centroid Neural Network)을 TMHMM상의 음향 특징벡터에 활용하였으며, 다른 상태에 소속된 확률밀도가 서로 겹쳐진 형태의 이질군집 지역에 더 많은 코드벡터를 할당하기 위해서 본 논문에서 새로 제안이 제안되는 이질성 거리척도를 사용 하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 한국어 고립 숫자단어의 인식문제에 적용한 결과, 기존 K-means 알고리즘이나 CNN보다 각각 14.63%, 9,39%의 오인식률의 감소를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2016

In order to achieve fast computational speed with good visual quality of output video, we propose a frequency domain based new fractal video compression scheme. Normalized cross correlation is used to find the structural self similar domain block for the input range block. To increase the searching speed, cross correlation is implemented in the frequency domain using FFT with one computational operation for all the domain blocks instead of individual block wise calculations. The encoding time is further minimized by applying rotation and reflection DFT properties to the IFFT of zero padded range blocks. The energy of overlap small size domain blocks is pre-computed for the entire reference frame and retaining the energies of the overlapped search window portion of previous adjacent block. Quadtree decompositions are obtained by using domain block motion compensated prediction error as a threshold to control the further partitions of the block. It provides a better level of adaption to the scene contents than fixed block size approach. The result shows that, on average, the proposed method can raise the encoding speed by 48.8 % and 90 % higher than NHEXS and CPM/NCIM algorithms respectively. The compression ratio and PSNR of the proposed method is increased by 15.41 and 0.89 dB higher than that of NHEXS on average. For low bit rate videos, the proposed algorithm achieve the high compression ratio above 120 with more than 31 dB PSNR.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.585-594
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• 2013

본 논문은 비언어커뮤니케이션의 분류방법을 사용하여 인터랙티브 미디어아트를 분석하고 관객, 작품, 작가간의 커뮤니케이션 방법에 관하여 연구하였다. 비언어 커뮤니케이션 분류방법 중 기호 및 의미 분류방법[1]을 기반으로 4가지 유형을 분석하고 인터랙티브 미디어아트 작품 분석에 적합한 오감, 몸짓, 단서, 상호작용의 기준으로 재 분류를 시도하였다. 이를 통해 각 유형에 상응하는 인터랙티브 미디어아트 작품을 분석하여 유형별 특성을 도출해 내었다. 또한 작품들이 각 유형에 중첩되는 영역을 분석하고 상호작용하는 대상을 분류한 결과, 작품에 포함되는 커뮤니케이션 방법이 다양한 비언어 커뮤니케이션의 유기적 접목에 의해 관객과 작품을 연결하는 요인으로서 작용한다는 사실을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 비언어 커뮤니케이션의 분류방법을 사용하여 인터랙티브 미디어아트 분석을 통해 관객, 작품, 작가간의 커뮤니케이션 방법에 대한 새로운 접근 방법 제시한다.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2007

This paper aims at the statistical analysis of electrical fire and classification of electrical fire causes to collect electrical fires data efficiently. Electrical fire statistics are produced to monitor the number and characteristics of fires attended by fire fighters, including the causes and effects of fire so that action can be taken to reduce the human and financial cost of fire. Electrical fires make up the majority of fires in Korea(including nearly 30% of total fires according to recent figures), The incorrect and biased knowledge for electrical fires changed the classification of certain types of fires, from non-electrical to electrical. It is convenient and required to develop the standardized form that makes, in the assessment of the cause of electrical fires, the fire fighters directly ticking the appropriate box on the fire report form or making an assessment of a text description. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop electrical fire cause classification and electrical fire assessment on the fire statistics in order to categorize and assess electrical fires exactly. In this paper newly developed electrical fire cause classification structure, which is well-defined hierarchical structure so that there are not any relationship or overlap between cause categories, is suggested. Also fire statistics systems of foreign countries are introduced and compared.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제33권1_2호
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• pp.92-104
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• 2006

본 논문에서 제안하는 기법은 기존의 첨단 배치기인 Kraftwerk (& KraftwerkNC)와 Mongrel을 개선 확장한 것으로써, 광역배치에서 셀 중첩을 효과적으로 해결하는 Mongrel의 ripple move 기법과 force directed 광역배치기인 KraftwerkNC의 강력한 성능을 결합한 것이다. 제안한 기법에서는 Mongrel의 ripple move를 최적화하기 위해 Kraftwerk에서 사용한 힘 분산(force spreading)기법을 이용한다. 셀 밀집을 개선시키고, 배선길이를 최적화하는 과정에서 타이밍을 위해 넷 제약조건들이 고려된다. 제안된 기법을 통해 얻은 실험 결과는 배선길이 뿐만 아니라 타이밍에서 향상된 결과를 보여준다.