• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.181-193
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• 2014

The environment of supply chains is rapidly changed to global and eco-freindly work process. However, at current environment, it is not easy to grasp work flow and to analyze energy efficiency. Improving energy efficiency and visibility for goods flow can contribute to increases in customer attitudes and reductions in overall production costs Additionally, it can lead to increases in work efficiency and reductions in overall production costs. Until recently, efforts to improve energy performance focused on manufacturing industry. Those efforts have expanded to the supply chain. In this paper, we perform business process modeling about supply chain for visibility and sustainability - information and component flows - from assembly plants to logistics. This paper defines the work and information flows by modeling the underlying logical structures of the supply chain and the business processes that determine impact of visibility and sustainability. We model processes using the modeling methodology specified by UN/CEFACT. This methodology explains business process functionality and business transactions by UML diagram. The output of this paper would be useful in grasping work flow and capturing the used energy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate empirical evidences of productivity of life insurance institutions in Malaysia. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the productivity of the life insurance institutions in Malaysia. The overall findings show that the total factor productivity (TFP) has progressed by 2.5% per year during the study period from 2012 to 2016 in the Malaysian insurance industry. However, TFP change has declined from 2012 to 2015 and observed a negative growth in 2015-16 (3.3%). The highest productivity progress was documented during 2012-13 at a rate of 11.7% while the minimum productivity progress was during 2014-15 (only 0.2%). The results also indicate that the decomposition of TFP found that overall progress could mainly be attributed to technological change (TC). However, technical efficiency change (TEC) and pure technical efficiency change (PTE) have negative impact on TFP. The findings also show that most of the insurance companies have a steady growth. Therefore, this study will contribute new insights for the policy makers and insurance institutions to take appropriate steps in developing relevant policies for increasing productivity of insurance institutions in Malaysia.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

A small washer powered directly and solely by thermal radiation was constructed and tested to explore the feasibility of using solar energy or other types of thermal radiation for washing and cleaning. In principle, TA (ThermoAcoustic) washers have the benefits of simpler design and operation and fewer energy conversion processes, thus should be more energy efficient and cost less than electric washing/cleaning systems. The prototype TA converter we constructed could sustain itself with consistent fluid oscillations for more than 20 minutes when powered by either concentrated solar radiation or an IR (infrared) heater. The frequencies of water oscillations in the wash chamber ranged from 2.6 to 3.6 Hz. The overall conversion efficiency was lower than the typical efficiencies of TA engines. Change in water temperature had little effect on the oscillatory flow in the TA washer due to its low efficiency. On the other hand higher water temperatures enhanced grease removal considerably in our tests. Methods for measuring the overall conversion efficiency, frictional loss, and grease removal of the TA washing system we designed were developed and discussed.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.729-731
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 제안한 알고리즘은 이전 유전 알고리즘의 분산처리를 위해 라우터 그룹 단위인 셀을 도입하였다. 기존 최적경로 알고리즘인 Dijkstra 알고리즘에서 네트워크가 손상되었을 경우 제안한 알고리즘에는 대체 경로 설정의 연산시간이 단축되었으며 손상된 네트워크의 셀 안에서 2순위의 경로를 가지고 있으므로 Dijkstra 알고리즘보다 신속하게 대체경로를 설정하도록 설계되었다. 이는 제안한 알고리즘이 네트워크상에서 Dijkstra 알고리즘이 손상되었을 경우 대체 경로설정을 보완할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.297-298
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• 2008

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

Background & Methods: The purpose of this research is to estimate the efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms and the determinants of their efficiency. Stochastic frontier analysis(SFA) and panel study are applied to the data of 60 domestic pharmaceutical firms from 2006 to 2012. Results & Conclusion: First, the result of the stochastic frontier analysis shows that overall efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms is increasing as time goes by. However, if firms are classified by the scale, the larger firms show more efficiency and if classified by the degree of innovativeness, the innovative firms show more efficiency compared to the non-innovative firms. This evidences show that the scale and R&D investment have significant relationships with the efficiency of the pharmaceutical firms. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the national level of investment for the fundamental researches to vitalize R&D of the new drugs. Second, the result of estimation of the determinants of efficiency shows that the firms with larger sales promotion expenses and entertainment expenses have less efficiency compared to the other firms. This can be explained by the structural characteristics of the small generic pharmaceutical firms. Therefore, the government had better make the pharmaceutical firms to reduce sales promotion and entertainment expenses and increase R&D expenses by introducing systems such as global budgeting system on medicine or reference pricing system.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.139-151
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to delve into the empirical implications in management efficiency by analyzing the relation between management efficiency and debt ratio in public institutions. Methods: Based on 165 public institutions published in public business information system from 2016 to 2020, Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) for estimating management efficiency was performed. This study analyzed the relationship between management efficiency and debt ratio using multi-regression analysis. It also examines how the relationship varies depending on the type of public institution. Results: The results of this study are as follows; We find that there is no significant relation between management efficiency and debt ratio. However, we find that this relationship can be different depending on the type of public institution. Management efficiency is negatively associated with debt ratio for quasi-market type public institutions. This negative relation tends to mitigate for market type public institutions, which suggests that management efficiency may convey differential implications depending on the type of business environment represented by the type of institution. Conclusion: The overall results suggest that the government needs to due caution in establishing a policy plan to reduce debt by increasing management efficiency, taking the specific business environment, particularly with regard the type of institution.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.32-42
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate accuracy and precision of filter method and impinger method for analyzin airborne isocyanates in mixture (2, 6-TDI, HDI, 2, 4-TDI, MDI). Filter method was performed using the OSHA Method 42 and impinger method using the NIOSH Method 5521. The samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UVD). After the optimum operating conditions for each method were investigated, samples with various concentration levels were quantified at the conditions. The precision was expressed by the pooled coefficient of variation(C.V.) and the accuracy by overall accuracy. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The optimum condition of filter method was determined at 35/65 ACN/buffer (0.01 M ammonium acetate) in mobile phase. And in case of impinger method, it was at 30/70 ACN/buffer(0.2 M sodium acetate). The effect of concentrations of acetate on the separation of the peaks was not significant, but, the effect of ACN/buffer ratio was significant. 2. The correlation coefficients for the two methods were above 0.9 in all isocyanate compounds. Average recovery efficiencies for 2, 6-TDI, HDI, 2, 4-TDI and MDI in filter method were 92.4%, 102.6%, 87.3% and 101.0%, respectively. Those in impinger method were 106.6%, 106.7%, 99.0% and 103.6%, respectively. As a result, the recovery efficiency of impinger method was higher than those of filter method in analyzing isocyanate compounds. 3. The pooled coefficients of variations of the methods were slightly higher than expected. The overall accuracies of the methods were within $\pm 25%$ for each isocyanate compound. Since these results satisfy NIOSH criteria, the accuracy of the experiment is appropriate. 4. As seen above, impinger method is more efficient than filter method. But, there are many disadvantages in impinger method. Therefore, solid sorbent such as a glass fiber filter must be developed in order to have the high efficiency not less than that of impinger method in the future.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 1998

The ventilation efficiency of clothing was investigated by a trace gas method using a manikin wearing an impermeable overall under an isothermal condition, where the ventilation occurred only through the openings by diffusion. The ventilation patterns were different for each part of the body. The ventilation efficiency in the clothing microenvironment of the arm and the leg greatly depended on the distance from each opening when the wrist- or the ankle-opening was opened. When both side of wrist- or ankle-openings were opened to provide the opening area double respectively, the ventilation efficiency did not correspondingly increase twice, as compared one side opened. Even though it as certainly affected by the opening area, the ventilation efficiency was more significantly influenced by the position of openings.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2001

Sonication tremendously improves the efficiency of Agrobacterium infection by introducing small and uniform fissures and channels throughout the targeted tissue. Using shoot tips of cotton as explants, the effect of sonication treatment and virulence genes in Agrobacterium tumefaciens on transformation efficiency was investigated. The pat gene which encodes resistance to the herbicide, glufosinate, was used as a selectable marker. Transformation efficiency was evaluated on th basis of survival rates of cocultivated shoot tips on selection medium containing 2.5 mg/l gulfosinate-ammonium(ppt) adn 25. mg/l Clavamax. Sonication from 5 to 15 second has a positive effect on shoop tip survival. However, whil virE as well as virG or vir GN54D showed an enhancement in transformation efficiency, virE,. virG resulted in the most significant enhancement. Overall, the combination of additional virG/virE gene and sonication treatment resulted in the most significant increase in transformation efficiency.