• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.27-32
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• 1968

The larval instar of Scintillatrix djingischani OBENBERGER WES determined by measuring the head width of the larvae, some of which were bred in the room and the other collected in orchards during four years(1963-1966). Their growth ratio and variation were also studied. 1) The variation curve of the head width of the Iarvae distinctly appeared to be seven (7) curves, which seemed to have lived to be over seven(7) instars after six(6) times of molting. 2) In general, tile larvae live out to be 6-7 instar. Those pupated at 6th instar seem to over winter in tissue from November as matured. And those pupated in late Spring or early Summer after over wintering in canbium seem to be at 7th instar. 3) The standard deviation of the head width tends to grow larger except at 1st and 7th instar, while the coefficient of variation tends to decrease according as the number of instar increases. The growth ratio was found to decrease according as the number of instar increase except at 1 at and 2 nd instar. 4) To the growth of tee larval head width of this insect, Games and Campbell's formula was more applicable than Dyar's. 5) From the activties of larvae it is presumed that those bred in the year over winter in phelloderm or canbium at the 2 nd-3 rd instar, and the matured (2 year old) emerge the next year after over wintering in cambium or tissue at the 5th or 6th instar.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.298-303
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to compare the dose distribution of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with 3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in prostate cancer. The IMRT plan and the 3DCRT plan used the 9 fields technique, respectively. In IMRT, tumor dose was a total dose of 66 Gy at 2.0 Gy per day, 5 days a week for 5 weeks. All cases were following the dose volume histogram (DVH) constraints. The maximum and minimum tumor dose constraints were 6,700 cGy and 6,500 cGy, respectively. The rectum dose constraints were <35% over 50 Gy. The bladder dose constraints were <35% over 40 Gy. The femur head dose constraints were <15% over 20 Gy. Tumor dose in the 3DCRT were 66 Gy. In IMRT, the maximum dose of PTV was 104.4% and minimum dose was 89.5% for given dose. In 3DCRT, the maximum dose of PTV was 105.3% and minimum dose was 85.5% for given dose. The rectum dose was 34.0% over 50 Gy in IMRT compared with 63.3% in 3DCRT. The bladder dose was 30.1% over 40 Gy in IMRT compared with 30.6% in 3DCRT. The right femur head dose was 9.5% over 20 Gy in IMRT compared with 17.5% in 3DCRT. The left femur head dose was 10.6% over 20 Gy in IMRT compared with 18.3% in 3 DCRT. The dose of critical organs (rectum, bladder, and femur head) in IMRT showed to reduce than dose of 3DCRT. The rectum dose over 50 Gy in IMRT was reduced 29.3% than 3DCRT. The bladder dose over 40 Gy in IMRT was similar to 3DCRT. The femur head dose over 20 Gy in IMRT was reduced about 7~8% than 3DCRT.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 1991

The impact hammer is extensively used in experimental modal analysis as a means to provide force over a broad range of frequencies. The hammer mass and the impact head are often changed to achieve a desired impact time duration with its corresponding input frequency spectrum, these mass changes affect the performance and sensitivity of the force transducer employed to measure the impact force. Both a mathematical model describing the effects of impact head and hammer mass on the performance of the force transducer and experimental verification of this model are presented here.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 1991

Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus presents a tremendous surgical challenge to the Head and Neck Surgeon. Because life expectancy of patients with advanced carcinoma of the hypopharynx, and cervical esophagus is limited, treatment must be aimed at palliation. A variety of techiques have been proposed over the years with none proving entirely satisfactory. These techiques include prosthesis; skin graft; cervical flaps; tubed cutaneous and myocutaneous chest flaps; visceral reconstruction with stomach, colon. and jejunum; and jejunal free autografts. Many factors dictate the best method of reconstruction in any given clinical situation. The goal of the surgery is a one-stage reconstruction of swallowing function with minimal morbidity to allow as short a hospital stay as posible. Nine patients underwent the free jejunal autograft reconstruction of the pharyngoesophagus after the ablative surgery for the advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. Postoperative complications included one perioperative death, two abdominal wound dehiscences, two neck hematomas, one carotid rupture, one funtional dysphagia, one late strictures. There were no graft failure, no immediate stenosis and no fistula. An oral diet was started between days 8 and 16, with an average of 9 days and median of 8 days. Patients left the hospital between days 9 and days 38, with an average of 23.4 days and median of 23 days. This method of reconstruction is advocated as reliable palliative procedure with short-term follow-up. In conclusion, we at Korea Cancer Center Hospital are of the opinion that the free jejunal autograft offers an excellent, safe and relative easy method of the pharyngeal and cervical esophageal reconstruction with significant advantages over other techiques.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.582-590
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• 2023

Objective : Trauma is a leading causes of death and disability in all ages. The aim of this study was to describe the demography and characteristics of paediatric head trauma in our institution and examine the predictors of outcome and incidence of injury related mortality. Methods : We examined our institutional Trauma Registry over a 2 year period. Results : A total of 1100 trauma patients were seen over the study period. Of the 579 patients who had head injury 99 were in the paediatric age group. Of the paediatric head trauma patients 79 had documented Glasgow coma score (GCS), 38 (48.1%), 17 (21.5%) and 24 (30.4%) had mild, moderate and severe head injury respectively. The percentage mortality of head injury in the paediatric age group was 6.06% (6/99). There is an association between mortality and GCS (p=0.008), necessity for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p=0.0001), associated burns (p=0.0001) and complications such as aspiration pneumonia (p=0.0001). The significant predictors of outcome are aspiration (p=0.004), the need for ICU admission (p=0.0001) and associated burns (p=0.005) using logistic binary regression. During the study period 46 children underwent surgical intervention with extradural haematoma 16 (34.8%), depressed skull fracture 14 (30.4%) and chronic subdural haematoma five (10.9%) being the commonest indication for surgeries. Conclusion : Paediatric head injury accounted for 9.0% (99/1100) of all trauma admissions. Majority of patients had mild or moderate injuries. Burns, aspiration pneumonitis and the need for ICU admission were important predictors of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.293-295
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• 2003

KEPCO's high voltage distribution power line laid under the ground near to the J-booster pumping station that supply water for living. Lightening rod equipment does not installed at the J-booster pumping station because KEPCO's over head ground wire for protection functions as a lightening rod equipment. In this study, it is concerned whether KEPCO's over head ground wire for protect the distribution power line affect to the J-booster pumping station which is installed for reduce the damage from the direct and indirect lightening. If KEPCO's protection area does not affect to the J-pumping station, it is plan to examine the construction method of lightening rod protection angle and lightening rod equipment and to suggest the optimum protection plan using the surrounding structure based on the suitability of protection area.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07c
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• pp.1599-1601
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• 2000

To study invar alloy as a core material for large ampacity over-head transmission line which have high strength and low thermal expansion coefficient simultaneously, thermal expansion coefficient, physical properties and hardness of Fe-Ni-Co-xC alloy have been studied. It is necessary that invar alloy possess low thermal expansion coefficient and high strength for increased capacity over-head transmission line. In this paper we tried to find out the effect of carbon addition related with mechanical and physical properties. It was found that the thermal expansion coefficient and hardness were increased with carbon addition for whole composition range but the saturation magnetization was decreased except for the range of 0.1$\sim$0.4%C.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.537-550
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• 2014

The actual burden of head and neck cancer in India is much greater than reflected through the existing literature and hence can be regarded as a 'tip of iceberg' situation. This has further been evident by the recent reports of 'Net-based Atlas of Cancer in India'. South-east Asia is likely to face sharp increases of over 75% in the number of cancer deaths in 2020 as compared to 2000. Since the percentage increase of Indian population has been nearly twice that of the world in last 15 years there is a likelihood of increase in cancer burden with the same proportion. The distribution of population based cancer registries is grossly uneven with certain important parts of the country being not represented at all and hence the current cancer burden is not reflected by registry data. However, the pathetic situation of health care system in major parts of the country as also emphasized by the World Bank, is not suitable to provide anywhere near accurate data on cancer burden. Head and neck cancer (including thyroid lesions) is third most common malignancy seen in both the sexes across the globe but is the commonest malignancy encountered in Indian males. Also oral cavity cancer is the most prevalent type amongst the males and one of the highest across the globe. This article reviews the latest global and national situation with an especial emphasis on head and neck cancer. Furthermore this review focuses on burden in different sub sites at national and global levels.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.386-392
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the impact of the time that the sitting posture is maintained on changes in muscle performance and head alignment. Methods: The subjects of this study were healthy adults aged between 20 and 30 years. Ninety-three subjects participated in this study (male: 57, female: 36). The subjects were divided into a one-hour group, a two-hour group, and a three-hour group. All the subjects adjusted the height of their chair to a comfortable position and then seat for one, two, or over three hours. Both prior to and after the experiment, the muscle performance (muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility) of the subjects was measured. Results: In the 2-hours and 3-hour group, muscle strength, flexibility and endurance reduced significantly before and after the study, and the head alignment significantly changed. Conclusion: Thease findings showed that sitting continuously for longer than two hours decreases muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. A flexed posture affects the muscle performance of the lumbar region and may result in problematic postures, such as a forward head position.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.109-118
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• 2001

A computer simulation, utilizing the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, of ultra-high- density recording on continuous longitudinal media is carried out. The two important features of this work are the use of a planar-type head, which enables a high write field of 14183 Oe ts be generated at the center of the recording medium, and the media with very high coercivities up to 13010 Oe. From a systematic investigation, it is found that the optimum write field is higher than the medium coercivity by only 3400 Oe over a wide coercivity range. This new finding allows one to write an a medium with a very high coercivity by using a planar-type head. It is demonstrated that a reasonably good bit pattern with a bit density of 605 kfci is generated on the medium with a coercivity of l1720 Oe, and, combined with a high track pitch density of 100 ktpi, a recording density of 60 Gb/in$^2$can be obtained in a single layer medium. With an improved write- head designs even a higher recording density of 75 Gb/in$^2$may be possible since comparison of the results for the bit pattern from the present head profile and the ideal Lindholm profile indicates an increase in the track pitch density of about 27%. Even at this density, the thermal stability parameter (KV/kT) at room temperature is high enough (60) to provide ample room for thermal stability.