• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.213-222
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• 2018

Bariatric surgery has evolved from a surgical measure for treating morbid obesity to an epochal remedy for treating metabolic syndrome as a whole, which is represented by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Numerous clinical trials have advocated bariatric or metabolic surgery over nonsurgical interventions because of markedly superior metabolic outcomes in morbidly obese patients who satisfy traditional criteria for bariatric surgery (body mass index [BMI] >$35kg/m^2$) and in less obese or simply overweight patients. Nevertheless, not all diabetes patients achieve the most desirable outcomes; i.e., diabetes remission after metabolic surgery. Thus, candidates for metabolic surgery should be carefully selected based on comprehensive preoperative assessments of the risk-benefit ratio. Predictors for diabetes remission after metabolic surgery may be classified into two groups based on mechanism of action. The first is indices for preserved pancreatic beta-cell function, including younger age, shorter duration of diabetes, and higher C-peptide level. The second is the potential for an insulin resistance reduction, including higher baseline BMI and visceral fat area. Several prediction models for diabetes remission have been suggested by merging these two to guide the joint decision-making process between clinicians and patients. Three such models, DiaRem, ABCD, and individualized metabolic surgery scores, provide an intuitive scoring system and have been validated in an independent external cohort and can be utilized in routine clinical practice. These prediction models need further validation in various ethnicities to ensure universal applicability.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.147-156
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current growth via Growth indices, Obesity indices, Metabolic risk factors of Multicultural Families' Children in Dae-jeon area. Methods 5 to 12 year old children from 56 multicultural families were enrolled in this study, and were examined their bone age and body composition, and have received blood tests. Results 1. In Growth indices, average height percentile was $53.64{\pm}25.59%$. The AHP and MPH respectively, were converted into 20 years old adult height percentile, AHP of a girls was 40 percentile and MPH was 19 percentile, AHP of boys was 57 percentile and MPH was 21 percentile. 2. In Obesity indices, average of BMI pecentile was $44.16{\pm}29.52$; low-weight group (6 boys, 4 girls), normal-weight group (20 boys, 18 girls), over-weight group (8 girls). Average PWH was $100.51{\pm}15.66%$; low-weight group (9 boys, 5 girls), normal-weight group (14 boys, 15 girls), over-weight group (3 boys, 5 girls), obesity group (5 girls). 3. The results of the relationship between Growth indices and Obesity indices, 1) As RH percentile in boys was increased, skeletal maturity, AHP and AHP-MPH were also increased. Similarly, as RH percentile in girls was increased, skeletal maturity, AHP and AHP-MPH were also increased. 2) As skeletal maturity in boys was increased, BMI percentile was also increased. As skeletal maturity in girls was increased, AHP-MPH was decreased but had no significant differences. Conclusions Current growth of children in multicultural families was above the average when compared to that of average children in the same age. It was predicted that the boys' height were still above the average adult height, but the girls' height were below the average. Also this study showed that girls were more prone to be overweight than boys, thus requiring more intensive management and training in regards to eating habits and exercise.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2018

Nephrotic syndrome in the first year of life, characterized by renal dysfunction and proteinuria, is associated with a heterogeneous group of disorders. These disorders are often related to genetic mutations, but the syndrome can also be caused by a variety of other diseases. We report an infant with nephrotic syndrome associated with a neuroblastoma. A 6-month-old girl was admitted with a 10% weight loss over 10 days and nephrotic-range proteinuria. She was ill-looking, and her blood pressure was higher than normal for her age. Her cystatin-C glomerular filtration rate was decreased, and levels of plasma renin, aldosterone, and catecholamines were elevated. Renal ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography showed a retroperitoneal prevertebral mass encasing both renal arteries and the left renal vein. The mass was partially resected laparoscopically, and the pathologic diagnosis was neuroblastoma. Findings on a simultaneous renal biopsy were unremarkable. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and several anti-hypertensive drugs, including an alpha blocker. Two months later, the mass had decreased in size and the proteinuria and hypertension were gradually improving. In an infant with abnormal renin-angiotensin system activation, severe hypertension, and nephrotic-range proteinuria, neuroblastoma can be considered in the differential diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to compare the consciousness health status and food habit for farmers in Korea. Eight hundred persons were surveyed by rural leader of RDA, composed with 35.1% of male and 64.9% of female. Data collection includes height weight and blood pressure by measuring method and personal & family situation by interview for influential factor of health status and food habit. The questionnaire was included dietary habit of salt, sugar, dietary fiber and fat intake and other behavior questions related with diet. The subjects were composed 32.5% of elementary school graduated and 50% of middle size farming. Of the all subjects, 54% of were rice planted farming mainly and 19 were over 65 year-aged group. In the concept of disease prevalence. gender difference was exist, liver and heart complains were more frequency in male and waist pain and urinary complain in female, shoulder pain and nervousness were frequently prevalent to all group of farmers. The hypertension prevalence of farmers were 16% by measuring blood pressure, but consciousness of hypertension was very low (5%). The correlation of health status with personal factors were analysed, body weight, number of family, education level, and working level were significant with CMI score and Farmers' syndrome score. The food habit status was negatively correlated with weight and BMI, age was negatively correlated with CMI score and farmers' syndrome. The consciousness of health status and food habit score were significantly correlated with smoking and alcohol drinking. It concludes that good food habit contribute wellness of health. Nutrition education for better food habit would be helpful on health status.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.115-118
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• 2017

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is characterized by spontaneous hypoglycemia, extremely high serum insulin levels, and high titers of autoantibodies against endogenous insulin, in the absence of exogenous insulin injection. IAS often occurs following exposure to sulfhydryl-containing drugs, including alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). A 30-year-old woman without diabetes visited our outpatient clinic with recurrent hypoglycemia. She had been taken ALA for weight reduction since 3 weeks ago. Further hypoglycemia work up revealed very high insulin levels, C-Peptide levels and positive insulin antibodies. And conventional imaging examinations were negative for insulinoma or other pancreatic tumors. Finally, the diagnosis of Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) was made. Following the cessation of ALA, hypoglycemia improved, with no medication, and the patient experienced no further hypoglycemic attacks over the next month. The use of ALA as a nutritional supplement is increasing. We report a case of IAS associated with ALA in a non-diabetic patient.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2024

Objectives : Jeopgoltang (JGT) is a new Korean herbal medicine formulation that is used to treat bone fractures. Although JGT is frequently used in clinical practice, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its safety. This study aimed to evaluate the preclinical toxicity of JGT using a single oral dose toxicity test in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods : Five male and female rats per group were orally administered 1,250, 2,500, or 5,000 mg/kg of JGT after fasting for 12 h. Mortality and changes in clinical signs, body weight, and necropsy findings were monitored for 14 days according to the guidelines of the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Results : No significant clinical signs or mortality were observed after a single administration of up to 5,000 mg/kg. In addition, no significant necropsy findings related to JGT administration were observed. Conclusions: In conclusion, these results suggest that approximate Lethal Dose (ALD) of JGT on SD rats is over 5,000 mg/kg.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5271-5283
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide fundamental materials for improving school health promotion programs by investigating the relationships between the change in obesity rate and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among middle school students in Ulsan. We analyzed the routine health check-up data in 58,298 2nd-year middle school students in Ulsan, which conducted by the Planned Population Federation of Korea from 2007 to 2011. The overall and girls obesity rates gradually decreased throughout the first four years but increased again in 2011. The boys obesity rates were highest in 2008 and lowest in 2010. Throughout the research years, the incidence rates of over-weight and obesity were statistically significantly higher in boys compared to girls(P<0.05). Prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome, assessed with the modified Cook criteria except high blood pressure, were 0.58%, 0%, 0.01%, 0.31% and 4.53%, respectively in total, low, normal, over-weight, and obese groups. It indicates that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing and directly related to the obesity rate among adolescents. Hypertriglyceridemia was the most common component (36.58%) of the metabolic syndrome among the middles school students followed by low HDL cholesterol (6.47%), abdominal obesity (3.72%), and high blood sugar (0.47%). Prevalence of the various components of the metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in the obese group compared to other groups. In this study we observed the decrease in obesity rates between 2007 and 2010, and developing obesity prevention programs is essential in order to maintain the trend. Additional study should be necessary to find the cause of increase of obesity rate in 2011 and so to create more effective school health promotion programmes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.731-740
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• 2002

This study was designed to identify premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and to investigate the correlation between premenstrual syndrome and nutritional intakes. The subjects of this study were 138 college women residing in Busan Metropolitan City. The subjects were asked to complete Menstrual Discomfort Questionnaire (MDQ) regarding PMS, food intake frequencies and nutritional intake. We studied the correlation between PMS symptoms and nutritional intake. The average height and weight of anemic subjects were 161.42 $\pm$ 3.50 cm and 51.87 $\pm$ 5.42 kg. The average BMI (body mass index, kg/$m^2$) was 19.92 $\pm$ 2.14 and PIBW (percent ideal body weight) were 93.02 $\pm$ 9.75%. Except for phosphorous, vitamin A and vitamin C intakes, the intake levels of all other nutrients were below the Korean RDA. The average calorie intake of the subjects was 1645.65 $\pm$ 352.63 kcal (82.2% of the Korean RDA) and iron intake of the subject was 11.06 $\pm$4.03 mg (69.1% of the Korean RDA) . The calcium and vitamin $B_6$ intakes were 512.26 $\pm$ 183.12 mg (73.1% of the Korean RDA) and 1.12 $\pm$ 0.14 mg (80.0% of the Korean RDA), respectively. With regard to their menstrual state, 45.9% subjects responded that their menstrual cycles were irregular. The frequency of PMS of the subjects was 30.2% (over 3 points) on 5 point scale (1 : no. 5 severe). The common symptoms of PMS of the subjects were pain (2.32 $\pm$ 1.01), negative effects (2.27 $\pm$ 0.87), behavioral changes (2.26 $\pm$ 0.85), water retention (2.07 $\pm$ 0.78) , arousal (1.79 $\pm$ 0.84) , autonomic reactions (1.77 $\pm$ 0.87) , lack of control (1.69 $\pm$ 0.75) and decreased concentration (1.68 $\pm$ 0.75) . There was significant correlation between all the PMS symptoms and calcium (p ＜ 0.01) , vitamin E (p ＜ 0.05) , carbohydrate (p ＜ 0.05) . This suggests that PMS represents the clinical manifestation of nutrient deficiency states especially calcium. Therefore we concluded that calcium supplementation is likely to be of benefit in relieving PMS symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in metabolic parameters and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores of patients previously treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs other than paliperidone, after 8 weeks of treatment with paliperidone. Methods : Changes in body weight, body mass index, leptin, lipid levels, fasting glucose, and PANSS scores of patients who switched from other atypical antipsychotic drugs to paliperidone were measured after 8 weeks of treatment with paliperidone. We compared these results with those of patients who had not been treated with antipsychotic drugs for at least 2 weeks prior to treatment with paliperidone (antipsychotic drug-free patients). Results : The antipsychotic drug-free group (n = 9) did not show significant changes in metabolic parameters, but showed a significant improvement in total and subscale scores of PANSS. In the group that switched from other atypical antipsychotic drugs to paliperidone (n = 13), body weight, body mass index and fasting glucose level significantly increased, while total and subscale scores of PANSS significantly improved. Conclusions : Paliperidone treatment will benefit patients with schizophrenia who have been antipsychotic drug-free or who have had difficulty with other atypical antipsychotic drugs, with regard to their psychopathological state. However, if patients have been treated with other atypical antipsychotic drugs before switching to paliperidone, they could gain body weight or their fasting glucose level could increase over a short period because of a change in receptor number and sensitivity caused by the previously prescribed antipsychotic drugs, and hence, paliperidone should be prescribed with caution for these patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2011

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a X-linked recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanidine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), enzyme to recycle purines. Case history: born induced vaginal delivery at 40 weeks complicated by premature membrane ruputure, body weight 2.820 gm. He showed failure to thrive showing severe protein aversion like milk products and pink daper. Developmental delay revealing rolling over at 10.5 month, followed by regression. Seizure at 2 months, His poor oral feeding was lifelong problem. Weak crying, spastic, choreoathetoid movement. Self mutilating behavior noted and diagnosed at age 3 years. No family history of consanguinity and neurological disorders. Method: Laboratory test, physical exam, imaging study and molecular. Clinical follow up Treat ment with allopurinol. Result: uric acid 10.5 mg/dL (N 3.5-7.9), APRT 151.1uM/ min/ml pro(25.7-101), HPRT 7.6 (N 233.5-701) and c.151C>T hemizygote (p,Arg51X). Abdominal sonogram showed staghorn calculi in both kidneys, brain MRI brain atrophy. Clinical follow up showed, seizure at 2 mo, developmental delay (head control and, rolling over at at 11mo, pointing body part at 2 yr 7 mo, eye hand coordination at 2 y 11mo,creeping at 3 y 7 mo, speaking words at 6 y 6 mo ),and developmental regression at 3 yr of age. Sleeping problem including insomnia and severe constipation. Self mutilating behavior (lip bite) started at 2.5 yr, neurologic sx including intermittent upward gaze accompanied by swallowing difficulty at 3 y 7 mo grand mal seizure at 4.5 yr and spastic extremity and trunchal hypotonia and choleoathetoid movement and ataxia at 6.5 yr. Scoliosis with severe spasticity at 9 yr 9 mo. Acute life threatening episode with irregular breathing at 9 yr and 9 mo, Emaciation and nephrolithiasis and recurrent pneumonia. Died suddenly at 10 yr 3 mo. Conclusion: life long feeding problem, chronic gut motility dysfunction, sleeping difficulty and progressing neurologic deterioration and nephrolithiasis despite normal serum uric acid maintence by allopurinol treatment.