• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2010

Gestational age and infant birth weight are influenced by gestational weight gain. This study was aimed to examine the effects of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women were recruited at two hospitals in Seoul area. Characteristics and dietary intakes of pregnant women were obtained using 24-hour recall questionnaires. Gestational weight gain was categorized as less (Under-gain) than, within (Recommended gain), or greater (Over-gain) than the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Maternal height and pre-pregnancy weight in the over-gain group significantly higher than under-gain and recommended gain group. Mini dietary assessment score of eating bean has significantly higher in under-gain group than recommended gain group and eating kimchi has significantly higher in undergain group than over-gain group. Score of eating fruit was significantly higher in over-gain group than other groups. The mean intake of carbohydrate in the recommended gain group were significantly higher than under-gain group, and mean intake of potassium in the over-gain group were significantly higher than under-gain group. Under-gain group showed the high rate of the preterm delivery and low birth weight infant delivery. However recommended gain group showed 46% reduced risk of preterm delivery (OR = 0.54 CI = 0.30-0.98). Risk of macrosomia increased with increasing gestational weight gain (p for trend < 0.05). In conclusion, pregnancy outcomes were influenced by gestational weight gain. Therefore, these finding suggested adequate gestational weight gain according to BMI for reducing the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight and macrosomia.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2002

Objectives: To compare the body composition of the postpartal female weight-gained over the recommended during pregnancy with that of normal female with same age. female diagnosed as obesity and postpartal female weight-gained within the recommended during pregnancy. Methods: From Apr. 1. 2001 to Feb. 28. 2002, there were 745 delivery in Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kyung-Hee Medical Center. 32 mothers of them wanted to be investigated about the weight gain during their pregnancy. We excluded 12 persons who had gained within the recommended weight$(15{\beta}{\prod})$ and had diagnosed as the diseases inducing pathologic edema, preeclamsia. gestational heart or renal diseases, for example. In 2 days after delivery(nomal) or 5 days after(Caesarean section) we analysed the body composition of 20 persons. Results: 1. Compared with normal female, body weight, body mass index and body fat of the women gained over the recommended were increased and there made alternation to the increase of the percentage of body fat or the decrease of the percentage of lean body mass. 2. Compared with obese women who had same body mass index, the women gained over the recommended showed a little increase of body fluid, protein and mineral, but had a little decrease of the percentage of body fat. 3. The percentages of body fat increased with the women gained over the recommended, the women gained within the recommended and the obese women in order. This could imply the relation between the pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and the obesity. 4. The weights before pregnancy were same in the women gained over the recommended and the women gained within the recommended. But the weights just after delivery kept the gap happened during pregnancy between them and its main cause was the increase of body fat. Conclusions : The women gained over the recommended during pregnancy experienced the chage of body composition and its main cause was the increase of body fat. So compared with the women gained within the recommende, postpartal obesity more frequently could happen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1390-1393
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• 2006

Data spread over 11 years (1986-1996) pertaining to a synthetic population developed by inter se mating of half-breds of Corriedale and Russian Merino with Nali maintained at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar were utilized for the estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits. The means for birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), six month body weight (SWT), yearling weight (YWT), preweaning daily gain (PRW) and post weaning daily gain (POW) were 3.35 kg, 10.79 kg, 13.28 kg, 18.96 kg, 82.6 gm and 27.6 gm, respectively. The effects of year and season of birth and sex of lamb were significant for all the traits under study except the effect of season of birth for WWT, SWT and PRW. No definite trend was observed over the years for the averages of body weight and gain. Lambs born during the spring season performed better for BWT, WWT and PRW while the performance of lambs born during autumn was better for the other traits included in the study. The male lambs were heavier than the females for body weight at all stages and gain in weight. The heritability estimates for WWT and PRW were low; for BWT and SWT were moderate and for YWT and POW were high. Birth weight had high heritability and high genetic correlations with subsequent body weights and gains but due to the presence of a maternal effect on BWT and WWT, a sequential selection procedure is recommended for the improvement of growth rate in sheep.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1975

Careful scruting of the data indicate that malnutrition actually limits fertility. Spermatogenesis may likewise be impaired by inadequate diet, particularly one that is very poor in protein. For those who are underweight, increased caloric intake stressing high protein content is recommended. Included are supplementary vitamins, particularly B complex, which stimulate the appetite. Injudicious dieting by the woman to conform to current standards of beauty may also result in malnutrition. This contributes to faulty oogenesis and, in extreme dieting, may produce a long-standing amenorrhea. Obsity may also reduce fertility. Since most cases of obesity are due to over-eating, the full cooperation of the patient must be enlisted. And no device is effective for breaking up fatty deposits. Instead, a program of exercise is recommended. The treatment of both malnutrition and obesity is directed toward general dietary habits either weight gain or weight reduction, with a well balanced high protein diet.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.204-216
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of massage therapy on weight gain, length and head circumference in instituted infants. This study utilized nonequivalent control group with repeated measuring by quasi experimental design. Fifty eight instituted infants in Daejeon city were selected for the study. Fifty eight infants were randomly assigned two groups, one served as the control group and the other was experimental group to whom massage therapy was given. For the experimental group, massage protocol(developed by Field, 1986) was applied 2 times a day, mid-morning and early evening, for 4 weeks for each infants by researcher and trained research assistants. As a weight weighing instrument, electronic indicator scale (Cas Co., Korea) was used. The result of this study were summarized as follows; 1.A repeated measures ANOVA identified a significant group by time effect over the four weeks of intervention(F=14.69, p < .0001). Infants assigned to experimental group gained more weight than control group infants. 2. T-test identified that significant differences in length(t=2.60, P=.013) and head circumference(t=4.27, P=.000). Infants assigned to experimental group had more length and head circumference than control group infants. In conclusion, Massage therapy improved weight gain, length and head circumference of instituted infants. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize massage therapy as a nursing intervention for instituted infants.

• Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.182-185
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• 2018

This study examined the overdose toxicity of Super-Neophensan, containing florfenicol and acetaminophen, upon pigs. SNP-3.0 (n=10) was administered at the dosage level of 3 kg/ton feed for 7 consecutive days, which is 3 times the recommended dose based on the guidelines of the manufacturer, and the control group (CON) (n=10) was administered the normal diet without the drug. The body weight, weight gain and feed efficiency in SNP-3.0 treated with the drug for 14 days post-administration showed no significant differences compared with those in CON. In hematological and blood biochemical analyses, all parameters were not affected by over-dosage of the drug. In the same way, there were no significant differences between SNP-3.0 and CON on markers for liver and kidney functions. As no adverse effects were observed with the drug in an overdose oral toxicity test, this study suggests that the drug was identified as a safe agent in pigs administered with three times the recommended dose.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1066-1077
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develop self-efficacy promotion program and to test its effects on self-efficacy, self-care, physiologic index of hemodialysis patients after applying this program to them. Preliminary study was carried out to identify the levels and types of self-care, self-efficacy of hemodialysis patients. To develop self-efficacy promoting program, several discussions with nursing professors and nurse specialists on hemodialysis patients were made after in-depth literature review on the area. Through these processes, the self-efficacy promoting program including 20 minutes long videotape and other counciling documents were completed. This videotape consisted of specific self-care techniques for hemodialysis patients including management of fistula, measurement of blood presure and body weight, special diets, medications, exercise and rest, management of physical problems and social adjustment. Two group equivalent pre and post test quasai-experimental research design was used in this study. The total subjects were 34 hemodialysis patients who received hemodialysis three time per week at 1 university hospital. Seventeen experimental group subjects were matched with control group subjects in sex and age. Data were analysed with the SPSS window program. Homogeniety between experimental and control group pretest data was tested by x$^2$ and t-test. There were no significanct differences in general characteristics, illness history, specific self-efficacy and self-care between the two groups. The differences of general self-efficacy of two groups were tested with the Repeated Measure ANCOVA because of significant differences of pretest data of general self efficacy between two groups. The differences of self-efficacy and self-care of two groups were tested with Repeated Measure ANOVA and the differences of physiologic indecies including blood potassium level and blood phosphorus level and interdialytic weight gain were tested by t-test. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in general self-efficacy between the two groups over four different time, and no interaction by groups and by time. 2. There was significant difference in specific self-efficacy between the two groups over four different time, and interaction by groups and by time. 3. There was significant difference in self-care between the two groups over four different time, and interaction by groups and by time. 4. There were no significant differences of blood potassium level and blood phosphorus level, but there was significant difference of interdialytic weight gain between the two groups. From the results above, it can be concluded that the self-efficacy promotion program for hemodialysis patients was effective to improve degree of specific self-efficacy and self-care and to decrease interdialytic weight gain. Considering results, the followings are recommended: 1) Repeated studies are needed for another hemodialysis patients. 2) This program can be used for improving degree of self-efficacy and self-care of hemodialysis patients by nurse practitioner and nurse educator.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

우리나라의 비육돈 성장단계별 돈사의 소요면적이 제주환경에서 적합성 여부를 검토하기 위해 시험이 성장 3단계별로 수행되었고 우리나라에서 추천된 육성돈 돈사의 바닥소요면적 $0.56m^2$을 중간 수준으로 하며 저 및 고밀도 3수준 4반복 난괴법으로 처리하여 일일증체량 및 육질 등을 조사 분석하였다. 성장단계 1(체중 $43{\sim}65kg$ 범위)에서 중 밀도 구(돈사바닥 소요 면적, $0.56m^2/pig$)의 일일증체량은 저나 고 밀도 구 보다 유의적 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 그러나 성장단계 2(체중$65{\sim}91kg$ 범위)와 3(체중 $91{\sim}105kg$ 범위)에서는 일일 증체량이 처리간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 마지막 도살시 도체중이나 등 지방 두께는 저밀도구가 중이나 고밀도구 보다 높았다. 최종 육질 등급도 저밀도구에서 높은 추세였다. 결론적으로 볼 때 육성초기(체중 $43{\sim}65kg$ 범위)에는 중간 사육밀도가 다른 두 처리 보다 높은 일당증체량을 보였으나 그 이후는 처리간 사육밀도 차이를 얻지 못 했다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 2008

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and type of nutritional ergogenic aids use, and to determine the frequency, reasons for use of nutritional ergogenic aids. Thirty-four male bodybuilders (mean age = 27.0 years), twenty-four male weight lifters (mean age = 20.9 years) participated in the study. Participants completed a comprehensive survey detailing their usage patterns. In this study, 78.1% of bodybuilders and 79.2% of weight lifters reported using nutritional ergogenic aids. The most frequently taken nutritional ergogenic aids, in ranking order, were protein/amino acid powders (79.4%), multivitamin/minerals (67.7%) and creatine (67.6%) for bodybuilders, in contrast to sports drinks (100.0%), protein/amino acid powders (50.5%) and creatine (50.5%) for weight lifters. Over the half of the respondents, 79.4% of bodybuilders and 50.6% of weight lifters, used protein/amino acid powders to gain muscle mass and to stay healthy. Bodybuilders, 67.6% and weight lifters, 41.7%, used multivitamin/minerals to stay healthy and for energy. The intakes of most vitamin and minerals through diet and nutritional ergogenic aids were much greater than RDA. Vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin $B_6$ and folate intakes were ranged at 400-900%. Vitamin C intake was 1285.4% (for bodybuilders) and 1322.6% (for weight lifters). The correct answer rate of nutritional ergogenic aids was 46.0% for bodybuilders and 52.0% for weight lifters. Both bodybuilders and weight lifters took highly nutritional ergogenic aids and it tended to be taken irrespective of scientific background. Specific sport nutrition education applicable to athletes, especially strength athletes, is recommended. The findings of this investigation could be used to enable the professionals (sports dietician and physician) to identity common misconceptions regarding nutritional ergogenic aids and to implement educational programs.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2021

Atypical antipsychotics are more effective than typical antipsychotics and have fewer side effects such as tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal symptoms; therefore, prescriptions of atypical antipsychotics are increasing. However, recently, it has been reported that atypical antipsychotics have a higher incidence of diabetes, hyperglycemia, and obesity than typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics induce obesity-inhibiting appetite-related receptors such as serotonin and dopamine. Decreased exercise due to improving psychotic symptoms, and genetic characterictics can also cause weight gain. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were another metabolic problem related to treatment with atypical antipsychotics. The mechanisms of hyperglycemia were mainly related obesity, decreased anorexigenic hormones, and increased insulin resistance in multiple organs. There are also reports that genes related to diabetes have an effect on the incidence of diabetes mellitus treated with atypical antipsychotics. On the other hand, although it is not clear why hypoglycemia occurs, it documented in case reports all over the world. There are more reports of atypical antipsychotics than typical antipsychotics and these are frequently reported in Asians. Further research on the mechanism of hypoglycemia related to atypical antipsychotics is strongly recommended.