• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 1999

Effects of $\alpha$-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and $\alpha$-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), inhibitors of polyamine syntheic enzymes (ornithine decarboxylase, arginine decarboxylase), on ovary were investigated during pupal-adult development of Helicoverpa assulta. Two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) showed definite inhibition effects on ovarian development. The inhibition effect on ovaries weight was more marked in DFMA-injection than that observed in DFMO-injection. Two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) gave rise to a peculiar decrease in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) or arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity in ovaries, 72 hrs (5-day old pupa) post injection. However, DFMO clearly exhibited supression of ODC activity after 96 hrs (6-day old pupa). In addition, two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) diminished putrescine content in the ovary. The spermidine level was slightly decreased by each injection of the inhibitors. However, two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) raised the spermine content at certain developmental stages in the ovary. Although the effect of DFMA was less severe, two inhibitors (DFMO, DFMA) caused not only an overall delay in ovarian development, but also abnormalities in cellular differentiation. Noted effects in the pupal ovary were the appearance of irregular nurse cells and partial destruction of follicle epidermal cells. Adult ovary showed rapid degradation of nurse cells, a reduction in the number of follicle epidermal cells and immature oocytes that had a low yolk content.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2011

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix (AGR) on Polycystic Ovary (PCO) induced by Estradiol valerate (EV) in female rats. Methods : We investigated the effects of AGR on Changes in body weights and food and water uptake for 5 weeks. In addition, we examined the effects on ovary weights. Finally, we also observed histopathological changes in PCO rats. Results : Treatment with AGR did not affect body weights, amount of food and water uptake. Administration group of AGR restored body/ovary weight ratio to normal levels, which were lowered by induction of PCO. In histopathological observation, formation of cysts was suppressed in AGR group compared with non-treated control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that AGR can be used for patients with PCO to prevent formation of cystic follicles and malfunction of ovary.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.658-662
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• 2011

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Gleditsiae Spina (GS) on polycystic ovary (PCO) induced by estradiol valerate in female rats. We investigated the effects of GS on changes in body weights and food and water uptake for 5 weeks. In addition, we also examined the effects on ovary weights. Finally, we observed histopathological changes in PCO rats. Treatment with GS did not affect body weights, amount of food and water uptake compared with non-treated control group. Administration group of GS restored body/ovary weight ratio to normal levels, which were lowered by induction of PCO. In histopathological observation, formation of cysts was suppressed in GS group compared with non-treated control group. These results suggest that GS can be used for patients with PCO to prevent formation of cystic follicles and malfunction of ovary.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.161-177
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• 1991

This experiment was carrid out to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer and plant growth regulators application on the growth and quality of tomato. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Plant height of tomato was recorded highest when chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer was applied, and did not have significant effects in number of leaf. But stem diameter was positively effected by chemical plus organic fertilizer application than chemical fertilizer alone. 2. Flower formation, flower weight, anther weight and ovary weight were generally increased by organic fertilizer application. 3. Fruit-set and number of flower were significantly increased by organic fertilizer application. 4. Deformity fruit was the lowest rate at chemical plus organic fertilizer application when it was 14.7 percent, and it was increased by chemical fertilizer application. 5. Days of ripening was slightly delayed by organic fertilizer application and also flowering date shortened by chemical fertilizer application. 6. Plant growth regulators had positive effects on number of flower, flower weight, anther weight, and ovary weight, and variations of their effect by cluster were apparent. 7. Fruit-set was increased by 2,4-D 10ppm and BA 20ppm treatments but was decreased by treatments of Ethephon 10ppm and control. 8. By the BA 20ppm and 2,4-D 10ppm treatments, the rate of deformity fruit was decreased and fruit ripening date was also shortened.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 1965

This study was planned to find out the effects of several food-plants on the pupal weight and the number of eggs in the ovary of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea $D_{RURY}$. The larvae were separately reared on different food-plants in the Petri dish. Four to six day old pupae were used for the study of the pupal weight. The number of eggs in the ovary was counted under the binocular dissecting microscope. The loaves of the food-plants were sampled on Juiy 16, and analyzed by Kjeldahl method for the determination of total nitrogen content. The results obtained in this study were as follows; (1) The pupal weights were highly different according to the species of plants and sexes. The greatest pupal weight found in the pupae reared on the mulberry and the least one in the pupae reared on the apple tree. The weight female pupae was greater than that of male pupae in every case. (2) The number of eggs in the ovary was positively correlated to the pupal weight. (3) The nitrogen content of the food-plants used in this experiment was varied with the species of the plants. However, the nitrogen content of the food-plants was not significantly correlated to the pupal weight and the number eggs in the ovary.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1695-1704
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• 2014

Maternal malnutrition during pregnancy may give rise to female offspring with disrupted ovary functions in adult age. Neonatal ovary development predisposes adult ovary function, yet the effect of maternal nutrition on the neonatal ovary has not been described. Therefore, here we show the impact of maternal protein restriction on the expression of folliculogenic and steroidogenic genes, their regulatory microRNAs and promoter DNA methylation in the ovary of neonatal piglets. Sows were fed either standard-protein (SP, 15% crude protein) or low-protein (LP, 7.5% crude protein) diets throughout gestation. Female piglets born to LP sows showed significantly decreased ovary weight relative to body weight (p<0.05) at birth, which was accompanied with an increased serum estradiol level (p<0.05). The LP piglets demonstrated higher ratio of bcl-2 associated X protein/B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 mRNA (p<0.01), which was associated with up-regulated mRNA expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) (p<0.05) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (p<0.05). The steroidogenic gene, cytochrome P450 aromatase (CYP19A1) was significantly down-regulated (p<0.05) in LP piglets. The alterations in ovarian gene expression were associated with a significant down-regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor mRNA expression (p<0.05) in LP piglets. Moreover, three microRNAs, including miR-423-5p targeting both CYP19A1 and PCNA, miR-378 targeting CYP19A1 and miR-210 targeting BMP4, were significantly down-regulated (p<0.05) in the ovary of LP piglets. These results suggest that microRNAs are involved in mediating the effect of maternal protein restriction on ovarian function through regulating the expression of folliculogenic and steroidogenic genes in newborn piglets.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2015

In order to determine the ovarian cycle of Asian Toad, Bufo gargarizans, the developmental stage based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), size of follicle oocytes in ovary and vitellogenesis for adult females were investigated all around the year. The weight of ovary and GSI were the lowest from April, and all follicle oocytes exist in the pre-vitellogenic form, indicating that the vitellogenesis was suspended. The follicle oocytes in early-vitellogenic stage appeared in ovary during may when the weight of ovary and GSI start to increased, and the follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic and pre-vitellogenic stages existed during June and the weight of ovary and GSI also increased. This indicates that vitellogenesis has been carried out actively during this period. The follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic stage and late-vitellogenic stage when the vitellogenesis was also completed existed on September. Post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes after vitellogenesis started to appear from October and rapidly increased from December in hibernation. The full grown follicle oocytes existed during February, indicating the ovarian cycle that all follicle oocytes in ovary are developed separately, not synchronized, during the growing period of follicle oocytes and the post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes are maintained the ovulation period.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2014

In order to determine the ovarian cycle of Korean brown frog, Rana coreana, the developmental stage based on the gonadosomatic index (GSI), size of follicle oocytes in ovary and vitellogenesis for adult females were investigated all around the year. The weight of ovary and GSI were the lowest from March to May, and all follicle oocytes existed in the pre-vitellogenic form, indicating that the vitellogenesis was suspended. The follicle oocytes in early-vitellogenic stage appeared in ovary during June when the weight of ovary and GSI started to increase, and the follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic and pre-vitellogenic stages existed during August and the weight of ovary and GSI also increased. This indicates that vitellogenesis has been carried out actively during this period. The follicle oocytes in mid-vitellogenic stage and late-vitellogenic stage when the vitellogenesis was also completed existed between September and November. Post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes after vitellogenesis started to appear from December in hibernation, and the full grown follicle oocytes existed during February, indicating the ovarian cycle that all follicle oocytes in ovary are developed separately, not synchronized, during the growing period of follicle oocytes and the post-vitellogenic follicle oocytes are maintained the ovulation period.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2000

Recently, there is a worldwide concern that a great number of man-made chemicals have a hormone-like action both in humans and in animals. EPA and OECD are developing screening programs using validated test systems to determine whether certain substances may have an effect on humans. In the present study, the establishment of in vivo short-term test system for pubertal female assay with thyroid to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals was tried using a model substance, methoxychlor (MC), a chlorinated hydrocarbon insencticide. Forty female rats were assigned to four groups. MC was administered at dose levels of 0, 8, 40 and 200mg/kg by gavage to female rats from day 21 post partum to the completion of vaginal opening. We evaluated body weight change, age at vaginal opening, onset of estrous cyclicity, age at first esturs, ovary weight, and serum concentrations of thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone in female rats. The age at vaginal opening of females receiving 40 200mg/kg was significantly younger than control. The onset of estrus cyclicity and age at first estrus of females receiving 200mg/kg was also younger than controls. There was no effect of treatment on body weight, ovary weight, and hormone concentration. Based on these results, it can be concluded that application of MC at dose level of 40mg/kg affects the vaginal opening and application of MC at dose level of 200mg/kg accelerates the vaginal opening and the onset of estrus cylicity.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.86-93
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• 2015

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. It consists of a heterogeneous collection of signs and symptoms that together form a disorder spectrum. The diagnosis of PCOS is principally based on clinical and physical findings. The extent of metabolic abnormalities in women with PCOS varies with phenotype, body weight, age, and ethnicity. For general population, the prevalence of hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea decreases with age, while complications such as insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances increase with age. Obese women with PCOS have a higher risk of developing oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and lower luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) ratios than non-obese women with PCOS. The LH to FSH ratio is a valuable diagnostic tool in evaluating Taiwanese women with PCOS, especially in the diagnosis of oligomenorrhea. Overweight/obesity is the major determinant of cardiovascular and metabolic disturbances in women of reproductive age.