• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1991

A field trial was performed to evaluate the effects of hormone treatment on estrus induction, ovulation, embryo transfer and reproductive performance in post-weaning sows. This trial involved 61 mixed breed sows of varying parity on a commercial pig farm. Sows were allocated to one of five trials: control group involved 25 sows that were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 5 ml physiological saline, 6 sows received 1,500 IU PMSG on the day of weanning and 500 IU HCG at the onset of estrus in trial I, 7 sows received 750 IU PMSG on the day of weanning and 500 IU HCG at the onset of estrus in trial II, 5 sows were treated with the same as trial II on day 28 after weanning in trial III. and 18 sows were treated with 10 mg PGF$_2$$\alpha$ plus 2 mg estradiol benzoate on day 31 after weanning in trial IV. Ovarian responses were checked by laparotomy and ova were recovered by oviducal flushing between 40 and l00hrs after mating. Fertilized ova were transferred into the oviduts of recipient sows synchroni- zed. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Percentages of sows detected in standing estrus following treatment were 86~100% among trial groups. The interval from treatment to standing estrus(6l.7$\pm$0.5lhrs) in lOmg PGF$_2$$\alpha$ and 2mg estradial henzoate treated group was significantly earlier than in other trial groups(P<0.05). 2. Average number of ovulations was 11.5~37.8 among trial groups. The ovulation rate in 1,500 IU PMSG and 500 IU RCG treated group (37.8$\pm$ 19.87) was significantly different from other trial groups(P<0.05). 3. Ova were recovered by oviducal flushing between 40~ l00hrs after mating and recovery rates of ova wore 91.4% between 40~59hrs. 4. Fertilized ova were transferred into the oviducts of 8 recipient sows synchronized with 7 to 17 ova per animal. Three of the recipients were pregnant and delivered 25 piglets. 5. Four of the donor sows in those embryo collection was not successful were pregnant following oviducal flushing and delivered 23 piglets. 6. Recurrence of estrus and farrowing performance of experimental sows were observed following the experiment was no difference among trial groups, respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1981

Holstein-Friesian cows(n=284) were given $100{\mu}g$ of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) or saline solution by intramuscular injection at 10 to 22 days after parturition, and were investigated their reproductive performance and frequency of ovarian cysts. Among them 28 cystic cows were injected with $150{\mu}g$ of GnRH intramuscularly and examined the recovery rate. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1. The interval from calving to 1st ovulation was reduced from 28.2 days in controls to 16.5 days for cows given GnRH (p<0.01). 2. The intervals from calving to 1st estrus and from calving to conception were extended significantly in control group (p<0.05). 3. Inseminations per conception and conception rate at 1st insemination did not reveal difference between two groups. 4. Frequency of ovarian cysts was reduced from 14.0% in control to 4.20% for cows given GnRH (p<0.05). 5. Of the 28 cystic cows receiving $150{\mu}g$ of GnRH, 23(82.1%) responded to 1st treatment and returned to estrus $24.2{\pm}4.3$ days after treatment. 6. These data provide evidence for reduction in infertility and reproductive disorders in early postpartum dairy cows given GnRH as a prophylactic.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.337-339
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• 1992

Successful induction of lactation in 5 nulliparous repeat breeding cows was achieved by administering diethyl stillboestrol (0.1 mg/kg B.W.) and hydroxyprogesterone caproate (0.25 mg/kg B.W.) for 3 days followed by reserpine (4 mg/day) for 4 days, and dexamethasone (16 mg/day) for one day. The treatment caused cystic ovarian condition in all the animals. Intravaginally progesteronesoaked sponges suppressed but did not eliminate the behavioural estrus. Administration of LHRH ($300{\mu}g$) regressed the cysts in all animals in the first instance but the cysts reappeared in 2 animals. One animal became pregnant and delivered a normal calf.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.307-318
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• 1998

Accuracy of rectal palpation and ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of subestrous dairy trows were investigatedl using the result of pIRsma progesterone assay. The ovaries were examined 2 times of 10 days interval in 520 posearom and postinsemination subestroHs dairy cows, using rectal palpation and B-mode transrectal ultrasonography. The results of rectal palpation, ultrasonographic examination and measurement of plasma progesterone profiles in 520 subestrous dairy cows were silent brat or error of estrus detection 303 (58.3%), persistent corpus luteum 59 (11.3%), follicular cyst 37 (7.1%), luteal cyst 16 (3.1%), inactive ovary 9 (1.7%), granulosa tumor 1 (0.2%), hydmsalphinx 1 (0.2%), endomehris 81 (15.6%), pyometra 12 (2.3%) and mummified fetus 1 (0.2%), respectively. Accuncy of rectal palpation and ultrasonography for diagiosing ovarian disordeir based on plasma progesterone profiles were silent heat or error of estrus detection 80.5% and 96.7%$\boxUl$ persistent corpus luteum 57.6% and 94.9%, follicular cyst 62.5% and 91.9%1 luteal cyst 62.5% and 87.5%, maclive ovary 55.6% and 88.9% and granulosa cell tumor 100% and 100%, respectively. Acnuucy of rectal palpation for diagnosing uterine disorders based on ultrasonography was pyometra 75.0%1 endometritis 51.9% and mummified fetus 100%, respectively. Cbaracteristic ultrasonographic appearances of ovaries in subestrous dairy cows were as follows; Silent heat or error of estrus detection: anechoic follicle or hypoechoic corpus luteum than ovarian stroma was alternately present on Day 0 (first examination) and Day 10. Follicular cyst: uniformly nonechogenic ovarian structure $\geq $ 25 mm in diameter with a wall < 3 mm was present in ipsilateral on Day 0 and Day 10. Luteal cyst: luteal cyst was similar to follicular cysts but thickness of cystic wall was $\geq $ 3 mm. Inactive ovary : structures within ovaries was not present on Day 0 Bnd Day 10. Characteristic uthssonograpsc appearances of uterus in subestrous dairy cows were as follows; Endometritis: characterized by uterine lumen containing fluid in which 'snowy'echogenic particles art suspended. Pyometra: ultrasonographic appearance of pyometra was diffuse echogenic particles distributed in fluid within the distended uterus, and a thickened uterine wall. These results indicated that ultrasonography was practical far diagnosing reproductive disorders. To diagnosing ovarian disorders, ultrasonography should be carried out 2 times of 10 days interval and rndometritis should be differentiated with uterus of luteal phase in normal cycling cows.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

Progesterone levels in the blood plasma or skim milk of cows are considered to be very useful indicator fur the detection of estrus cycle and early pregnancy diagnosis. During 13 to 14 days after estrus the level of progesterone in plasma or skim milk were not different between the inseminated arid non-inseminated cows. In the pregnant cows the peak level of progesterone reached on 14th day after artificial insemination (AI), but in the absence of conceptus the level declines after the 14th day slowly, and then very rapidly towards the basal level after the 17th day. This low level persists about 4 days, including those of estrus and ovulation a highly characteristic pattern which differs so markedly from that in the pregnant cows. Progesterone levels in blood plasma or skim milk can provided a reliable diagnosis of early pregnancy and monitoring ovarian activity in cows. The mean $\pm$ standard deviation of milk urea nitrogen(MUN) and protein concentration in the cows at 9 herds were 17.7$\pm$2.35 mg/dL and 3.2$\pm$0.17%, respectively. The days of nonpregnant after parturition was shorter in the cows in which the lower level of MUN than higher level of MUN concentration.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.769-775
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• 2000

This study was investigated the ovarian response following superovulation treatment at different day of diestrus. The criterion for the presence or absence of a dominant follicle based on their morphological examination. Dominant follicle was puntured 48 hrs before the oneset of superovulation treatment by ultrasonography guided aspiration needle. Superovulation was induced by subcutaneous administration of FSH twice a day for 4 day in a decreasing regimen. There was no significant different between presence of dominont follicle and progesterone concentration/diameter of corpus luteum in HanWoo. Number of corpus luteum of donor after superovulation treatment was not significantly different in FSH administration at day 9, 11 and day 13 of estrus($14.5{\pm}4.5$, $15.5{\pm}5.6$ and $11.0{\pm}5.5$, respectively). But, the diameter of CL was significantly correlate(R2 = 0.757) with progesterone levels on day of superovulatory induction. After 7 days of artificial insemination, the embryos at 7 days were collected by uterine flushing after dominant follicle aspiration and superovulation treatment, and evaluated their quality by morphological criteria. Fifty five embryos with excellent, good and fair grade were transferred into 24 recipient cows. Seventeen offsprings, 1 of triplet, 4 of twins and 6 of singlet, were yield from 10 recipient cow. In conclusion, the present study showed that 1) dominant follicle can be determined by ultrasonography with rectal palpation by morphological evaluations, 2) superovulation response after follicular aspiration was not differ at day 9, 11 and 13 of estrus, 3) dominant follicle did not affect to progesterone concentration and diameter of CL, and 4) diameter of CL was significantly correlate to the level of progesterone concentrations in HanWoo.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2008

Supplementation of serum and estrogen in in vitro maturation(IVM) medium was shown to improve embryo development and quality in several species. This study investigates the effect of ovarian estrus stage on canine oocyte quality and supplementation of medium with canine serum or estrogen on IVM of canine oocytes. As results, in experimental 1, IVM oocytes collected from follicular stage ovaries to MII stages($10.2{\pm}1.5%$) was higher (p<0.05) with 10% canine estrus stage serum than control($1.3{\pm}1.6%$), anoestrus stage serum($4.0{\pm}1.6%$), luteal stage serum($2.7{\pm}1.7%$) and 10% FBS($1.3{\pm}1.6$). In experimental 2, 10% canine estrus stage serum supplementation has highest maturation rate to MII stages($10.0{\pm}1.8%$) and there were significant differences(P<0.05) with another treatment in follicular stages group. In order to investigate the synergic effect of estrous serum and estrogen supplementation, different estrous stage groups of oocytes were cultured with 2 ug/ml estrogen plus various concentrations of different reproductive stage serum and FBS(experimental 3). As results, the rate of maturation to metaphase II(MII) stage was significantly higher(p<0.05) in oocytes from the follicular stage supplemented with estrogen and 10% canine estrus stage serum(11.5%) compared to the other groups(6.0 - 8.8%). The present study was demonstrated that canine serum and the estrus cycle of the bitch affect the meiotic competence of oocytes. Hormonal influences within the follicle may be one of the factors responsible for the greater proportion of maturation of oocyte to MII from bitches at the follicular phase.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2013

This study examined the expression of inhibitor of DNA-binding (Id) proteins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ovary according to female age using a mice model as the first step in investigating the potential role of Ids and VEGF in ovarian aging. C57BL inbred female mice of three age groups (6-9, 14-16, and 23-26 weeks) were injected with 5 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in order to synchronize the estrus cycle. After 48 h, ovarian expression of Ids and VEGF was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemistry. Ovarian apoptosis was examined by ovarian expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Expression of Id-1 and VEGF was decreased with advancing female age, but not Id-2, Id-3, and Id-4. In particular, their expressions were significantly decreased in aged mice of 23-26 weeks compared with the young mice of 6-9 weeks (p < 0.05). In contrast, ovarian apoptosis was greatly increased in the aged mice compared to the young mice. This result suggests that Id-1 may have an implicated role in ovarian aging by associating with VEGF.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

In response to luteinizing hormone (LH), a higher concentration of progesterone (P4) is produced in luteal cells of corpus luteum (CL). Mitochondria are an essential cellular organelle in steroidogenesis. The specific engagement of the concept regarding mitochondrial shaping with early stages of steroidogenesis was suggested in reproductive endocrine cells. Although the specific involvement of GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) with steroidogenesis has been demonstrated in luteal cells of bovine CL in vitro, its actual relationship with ovarian steroidogenesis during the estrous cycle remains unknown. In this study, while Fis1 and Opa1 protein levels did not show significant changes during the estrous cycle, Drp1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 proteins exhibited relatively lower levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. 3β-HSD showed higher levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. In addition, Drp1 phosphorylation (s637) was higher in proestrus than in estrus or diestrus. Immune-positive cells for Drp1, pDrp1 (s637), and 3β-HSD were all localized in the cytoplasm of luteal cells in the CL. The immune-positive cells for 3β-HSD were more frequently seen in the CL at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. Immunoreactivity for Drp1 in luteal cells at proestrus was weaker than that at estrus or diestrus. However, pDrp1 (s637) immune-positive cells were mostly detected in luteal cells at proestrus. These results imply that steroidogenesis (P4 production) in the CL is closely related to phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 637. Taken together, this study presents evidence that Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 637 is an important step in steroidogenesis in the CL.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2023

Background: Research on the reproductive physiology of Water and Sika deer, an endemic in Korea, still needs to be completed. This study analyzed the ovarian development and morphological characteristics of wild Water deer and Sika deer. Methods: Water deer and Sika deer ovaries were collected from the Korean Peninsula and Russia-Korean Peninsula border during the estrus and pregnancy seasons, respectively. And, morphological and physiological analysis and immunohistochemistry were conducted to confirm the detection of Ca²⁺ and assess the morphological changes in the ovaries. Results: The results of morphological analysis of ovaries during pregnancy and estrus, the development of the corpus luteum and follicles of Water deer showed similar patterns to other mammals. In contrast, the corpus luteum of Sika deer differed in tissue morphology and composition from Water deer. Ca²⁺ related to tissue metabolism was detected in the theca cells zone of Water deer on the estrus and was highly detected in the luteum cells zone during pregnancy. The hormone receptor protein expression patterns were generally higher in the ovaries of Water deer on the estrus and the pregnancy than in Sika deer. The expression of LH receptor was relatively low in the lutein cell zone, unlikely that of Water deer. The expression of VEGF was also different from Water deer, and the response in Sika deer was relatively very low compared to Water deer in expressing all proteins-related development. Conclusions: Therefore, the results of the study were shown that the composition of the corpus luteum of Sika deer is not clear compared to Water deer, and there are many differences in the functional and morphological formation of the corpus luteum.