• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.595-599
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• 2000

Fine wool sheep (n=18) maintained in a tropical environment were allocated to three treatment groups. Estrus was induced with two injections of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ (10 mg. im) at 10 days interval. Superovulation treatment started 2 days prior to the second injection of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. Each ewe was treated with a total dose of 25 units FSH (Super-OV) i.m. every 12 hover 3 days; Group 2 were also injected i.m. with 200 IU PMSG at the first injection of FSH; Group 3 was treated as in Group 2 and also with GnRH ($4{\mu}g$ Buserelin) at the onset of estrus. The ewes in estrus were mated with a fertile ram. Ovarian examination and recovery of embryo and ova were performed at laparoscopy and laparotomy on day 3 or 4 after mating. Data for onset of estrus, duration of estrus, number of corpora lutea (CL), number of unnovulated large follicle (LF), embryo recovery rate, embryo quality and fertilization recorded for the 3 groups. Ewes in the Group 1 set in estrus later (p<0.05; $50.0{\pm}7.29h$) than the ewes in Group 2 ($24.5{\pm}3.58$) and 3 ($32.5{\pm}3.58h$). The duration of estrus, ovarian size and ovarian response (number of CL and LF) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) among the 3 groups. The proportion of ewes with a superovulatory response (${\geq}2$ CL) was the lowest (50%) in Group 1 treated with FSH alone but ova/embryo recovery (100%) and fertilization (100%) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than Group 2 (58.3 and 85.7%, respectively) and Group 3 (48.6 and 50%, respectively). It is concluded that in tropical fine wool sheep, there is no difference in the 3 treatments for yield of good quality embryos but ovarian response and ovulation rate increased on additional use of PMSG and GnRH respectively to FSH alone.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2002

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of sclerotherapy for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst. Methods: Patients with ovarian pseudocyst who had undergone sclerotherapy at Ajou University Hospital from February, 1997 to March, 2002 were included in this study. Sclerotherapy was performed as follows: Under intravenous analgesia, the cyst was irrigated with dehydrated alcohol after aspiration under transvaginal sonography. The aspirated contents and alcohol irrigated contents were sent for cytologic examination. Results: 71 patients with ovarian pseudocyst were performed sclerotherapy. All but 2 patients were followed up for 0.5 to 33 months with transvaginal sonography and pelvic examination. Mean age of the patients was 40 years old. Mean size of the pseudocyst was 8.0 cm, mean amount of aspiration fluid was 179.8 ml, and average follow-up duration was 6.0 months. All had abdominal or pelvic surgical history and 38 patients (58.9%) of them had undergone hysterectomy. 44 of 71 patients (62.0%) were performed sclerotherapy only one time. 27 patients (38.0%) recurred and were undergone more than one time. Complication was not occurred in all cases. Conclusions: We concluded that although pseudocyst after sclerotherapy has high recurrence rate, sclerotherapy was an safe and effective method for conservative treatment of ovarian pseudocyst.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1711-1715
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• 2006

To predict the number of preantral (primordial, primary and secondary) follicles retrieved from bovine ovaries, we examined the relationship between morphological parameters of ovaries and number of preantral follicles retrieved mechanically. The preantral follicles were retrieved mechanically by slicing ovarian tissue and the influences of size of the ovaries, number of antral follicles, and presence of cystic follicle and corpus luteum on the retrieval were evaluated. Total 77 ovaries were used and significant (p<0.05) relationship was detected between the number of antral follicles and the presence of cystic follicles, and the retrieval number. More preantral follicles were retrieved from the ovaries having more than 20 antral follicles than those having less than 20 antral follicles (17,760${\pm}$5,637 vs. 3,689${\pm}$537) in the ovarian cortex. The retrieval number was significantly reduced in cystic ovaries compared with non-cystic ovaries (5,167${\pm}$825 vs. 20,631${\pm}$6,507). However, neither ovary size (<3.5, 3.5 to 4.0, 4.0 to 4.5 and >4.5 cm) nor the presence of corpus luteum affected the follicle retrieval. In conclusion, the number of preantral follicles retrieved from the ovaries can simply be predicted by the number of antral follicles and the presence of cystic follicles in the ovarian cortex.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 1996

Copulation process, fertilization and gestation of the viviparous teleost surfperch, Ditrema temmincki were investigated by using photomicroscopy. Samples were collected from the vicinity of Suyoung Bay, Pusan, Korea from May 1992 to August 1993. During the copulation period, the copulatory organs were protruded at the base part of right and left soft ray of the anal fin in mature male. Secondary sexual characteristics index (SSCI) of male participated in copulation was above 3.5. Mature oocytes appeared only in the female containing sperms in the ovarian cavity. Transport of the spermatozoa into the ovarian cavity during copulation belonged to a spermatophore type. After copulation, spermatozoa remained in the ovarian cavity for about one month untill fertilization. Fertilization occured within the follicular cavity. Fertilized eggs were released into the ovarian cavity where they developed during gestation period. Developmental sequence of the female was as following: fertilization-ovulation-hatching-parturition. Right before parturition, the total length (TL) of the embryo was about 63.0 mm. When TL of maternal body was 20.0 cm, the mean numbers of the embryo were 18. The numbers of the embryo were positively related to the maternal body size.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-231
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• 1998

The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination (IUI) combined with controlled ovanan hyperstimulation (COH) in the treatment of infertility with various etiologies was compared in a total of 152 cycles. Patients received a maximum of three IUI cycles for the treatment. Severe male ($<2\times10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (> 39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac was seen on ultrasound. The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 7.9% per cycle (12/152) and 9.7% per patient (12/124). The pregnancy rates were 0% in unstimulated natural (0/18), 7.5% in CC (3/40), 8.2% in CC+hMG (4/49), 5.9% in GnRH-a ultrashort (1/17), 5.9% in GnRH-a long (1/17) and 27.3% in dual suppression cycles (3/11), respectively. The pregnancy rate was higher in dual suppression cycle than other stimulated cycles, but this was not significant. The multiple pregnancy rates were 25.0% (2 twins and 1 triplet). No patient developed ovarian hyperstimulation. Abortion rates were 66.7% in CC (2/3) and 100% in ultrashort cycles (1/1). The livebirth rate was 5.9% per cycle (9/152) and 7.3% per patient (9/124). There were no differences in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, total ampules of gonadotropins and days of stimulation between pregnant and non-pregnant groups. However, significant(P<0.05) differences were observed in the level of estradiol $(E_2)$ on the day of hCG injection ($3,266.6{\pm}214.2$ vs $2,202.7{\pm}139.4$ pg/ml) and total motile sperm count ($212.1{\pm}63.4$ vs $105.1{\pm}9.9\times10^6$) between pregnant group and non-pregnant group. These results suggest that IUI combined with successful ovarian stimulation tends to improve the chance of pregnancy as compared to IUI without COH and a total motile sperm count may be considered predictive of the success for pregnancy.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.311-315
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• 2021

Objective: As clinicians and patients await consensus on intraovarian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment, this project evaluated contemporary research trends in the literature. Methods: A PubMed/NLM search aggregated all ovarian PRP-related publications (n=54) to evaluate their scope, abstract utility, submission-to-publication interval, journal selected, article processing charge (APC), free reader access to full-text manuscripts, number and nationality of authors, and inclusion of international collaborators. The NIH Clinical Trials database was also audited. Results: Published output on intraovarian PRP has increased consistently since 2016, especially among investigators in Greece, Iran, USA, and Turkey. Between 2013 and 2021, 42 articles met the relevancy criteria, of which 40.5% reported clinical studies, small series, or case reports, 33% described experimental animal models, and 23.8% were opinion/review papers. Only two works included a placebo control group. The submission-to-publication interval (mean±standard deviation) was 130±96 days, there were 5.9±3.2 authors per project, and journals invoiced US $1,613±1,466 (range, $0-$3,860) for APCs. Conclusion: There was no correlation between APC and time to publish (Pearson's r=-0.01). Abstract content was inconsistent; sample size and patient age were often missing, yet free full-text "open access" was available for most publications (59.5%). The NIH Clinical Trials portal lists eight registered studies on "ovarian rejuvenation," of which two are actively recruiting patients, while four have been terminated or have an uncertain status. Two studies have concluded, with results from one posted to the NIH website. PRP and its derivatives for ovarian treatment show early promise, but require further investigation. Research is accelerating and should be encouraged, particularly placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.152-168
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine remedies suggested in the papers of ovarian cyst in Chinese Medicine Journals and to establish the further direction. Methods: The papers published between 1994 and 2009 in China Academic Journal were reviewed. Results: 1. It was on Bo-Ryu Enema that main focus of investigation was placed. A variety of randomized controlled trials and case series were found. As a result, a lot of proper manual arts and prescriptions were provided out of them. 2. Acupuncture is reported as significant in reducing the size of ovarian cyst and improving clinical symptoms, which covers electrical acupuncture, enlongated needle and moxibustion, burning acupuncture. 3. External application was verified as an effective therapy for the case of a combined treatment with oral medicine. 4. Modern medical equipments such as ultra short wave medical cure, TDP could improve the efficiency of traditional remedies like Bo-Ryu Enema, external application. Conclusion: It would be necessary to practically come up with a diversity of remedies besides oral decoction of medical ingredients, and establish standard of evidence of them.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 1989

There have been reported cases that the Krukenherg tumor had been primary ovarian carcinoma, But the Krukenberg tumor is generally known as one special type of metastatic ovarian carcinoma, which histologically consists of nest of mucin filled signet-ring cells in a cellular, nonneoplastic stroma. The most common gastrointestinal tract origin for Krukenberg tumor is the stomach, and the next frequent is the large intestine. Generally the Krukenberg tumor is difficult to diagnose and treat until somewhat enlarging its size. We experienced a case of the Krukemberg tumor on the remained ovary after the previous unilateral adnexectomy, which was metastasized from adenocarcinoma of stomach. We present this case with a brief review of literature.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2007

The ovarian structure and ultrastructural changes in germ cells during oogenesis of the spiny top shell, Batillus cornutus, have been investigated by light and electron microscopic observations. Specimens of the spiny top shell were collected from the subtidal zone of Wando, south coast of Korea. Spiny top shell was dioecious. The ovary was located on the surface of the hepatopancreas in the spiral posterior region. The ovary had greenish color in the gonadal mature season. The ovary comprised many ovarian lobules, and the ovarian lobule consisted of connective mesenchymal tissue and epithelial cells. Oogonium had a large nucleus with nucleolus of high electron density. In previtellogenic oocyte, small yolk granules of low electron density were scattered in the cytoplasm. Oocytes in the initial vitellogenic stage were connected with the ovarian lobule by egg stalk. The result of TEM observations showed that initial vitellogenic oocyte contained well-developed Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticula, tubular mitochondria and numerous yolk granules of various electron densities and sizes. The electron density, size and quantity of yolk granules which were distributed in the active vitellogenic oocyte were increased compared to the previous stage. Thickness of egg envelope in the late active vitellogenic oocyte was approximately 4.4 $[\mu}m$. Cytoplasm of ripe oocyte was filled with proteid yolk globules of high electron density and lipid yolk globules of low electron density. In this stage, the thickness of egg envelope was approximately 6.5 ${\mu}m$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6391-6395
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• 2012

Background: Ovarian cancer is ranked as the fifth most common cause of cancer death in women. In Malaysia, it is the fourth most common cancer in females. CA125 has been the tumor marker of choice in ovarian cancer but its diagnostic specificity in early stages is only 50%. Hence, there is a critical need to identify an alternative tumor marker that is capable of detecting detect ovarian cancer at an early stage. HE4 is a new tumor marker proposed for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer and disease recurrence. Currently, none of the normal ranges of HE4 quoted in the literature are based on data for a multiethnic Asian population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for HE4 in an Asian population presenting in University Malaya Medical Centre, a tertiary reference hospital. Materials and Methods: 300 healthy women were recruited comprising 150 premenopausal and 150 postmenopausal women, aged from 20-76 years. All women were subjected to a pelvic ultrasonograph and were confirmed to be free from ovarian pathology on recruitment. Serum HE4 levels were determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA, Abbott Architect). The reference intervals were determined following CLSI guidelines (C28-A2) using a non-parametric method. Results: The upper limits of the $95^{th}$ percentile reference interval (90%CI) for all the women collectively were 64.6 pmol/L, and 58.4 pmol/L for premenopausal) and 69.0 pmol/L for postmenopausal. The concentration of HE4 was noted to increase with age especially in women who were more than 50 years old. We also noted that our proposed reference limit was lower compared to the level given by manufacturer Abbott Architect HE4 kit insert (58.4 vs 70 pmol/L for premenopausal group and 69.0 vs 140 pmol/L in the postmenopausal group). The study also showed a significant difference in HE4 concentrations between ethnic groups (Malays and Indians). The levels of HE4 in Indians appeared higher than in Malays (p<0.05), while no significant differences were noted between the Malays and Chinese ethnic groups. Conclusions: More data are needed to establish a reference interval that will better represent the multiethnic Malaysian population. Probably a larger sampling size of equal representation of the Malay, Chinese, Indians as well as the other native ethnic communities will give us a greater confidence on whether genetics plays a role in reference interval determination.