• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2006

Neurofascin, one of the members of L1CAM, has been known to have some important roles during the development of nerve fibers. In order to investigate the role of neurofascin associated with the myelination of peripheral nerves, the localization of neurofascin in myelinated rat sciatic nerve fibers was studied with the immuno-fluorescence and immune-electron microscopy and the results are as follows; 1. According to the myelination is going on, neurofascin localization was dramatically changed in the sciatic nerve fibers. 2. In the myelinated fibers, neurofascin was weakly localized along the axolemma at the node of Ranvier. 3. Neurofascin was also apparantly localized at the non-compact area of Schwann cell membrane such as paranodal loop, Schmidt-Lantermann incisure, inner & outer mesaxons in the myelinated fibers. From the above results, neurofascin is likely to have a role to sustain the ideal gap of apposing membranes of Schwann cell, so it may enable to materials transport in the myelin sheath.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2013

In this study, we measured the morphometric and histological changes in the cyprinid loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, during the early period of growth. Eyes, yolk length, yolk height, and yolk volume of the larva decreased for 16 days post hatching (DPH) (P<0.05). During 60 DPH (P>0.05), the most anterior extension of the head ${\times}$ the posterior end of the supraoccipital, the most anterior extension of the head ${\times}$ the origin of the dorsal fin, the most anterior extension of the head ${\times}$ the origin of the pectoral fin, the posterior end of the supraoccipital ${\times}$ the origin of the pelvic fin, and the origin of the dorsal fin ${\times}$ the ventral origin of the caudal fin gradually decreased, whereas the most anterior extension of the head ${\times}$ the dorsal origin of the caudal fin, the origin of the dorsal fin ${\times}$ the origin of the anal fin, the origin of the dorsal fin ${\times}$ the origin of the pectoral fin, and the insertion of the dorsal fin ${\times}$ the origin of the pelvic fin gradually increased (P<0.05). In the cyprinid loach, the retina is composed of six layers: the epithelial layer, ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, outer limiting membrane, and rod and cone layer (RCL). After hatching, part of the RCL gradually increased in density. The kidney and midgut epithelium were already formed in the cyprinid loach just after hatching and grew gradually in subsequent days.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.495-502
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• 2004

Intimin, the product of eae gene in EHEC O157:H7, is required for intimate adherence. In this study, the C-terminaI region(281 amino acids) of the EHEC OI57:H7 intimin were expressed as a protein fusion with (His)$_6$ which was used to raise antiserum in rabbits. The antiserum reacted in western blot with a 94kDa outer membrane protein of EHEC O157:H7. It was observed that the antibody titers both in egg yolk and serum appeared in 2${\sim}$4 weeks after immunization with fusion protein. At the time of 8 weeks, the titre of egg yolk was found to be higher than that of sera. According to the results of neutralization test, chicken egg-yolk antibody(lgY) against the recombinant intimin strongly reacted to EHEC O157:H7. We conclude that a truncated recombinant intimin could be used as an immunogen to elicit antibody(lgY) against O157:H7.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.610-616
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• 2013

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an emerging detection technology for the amplification of DNA under isothermal conditions. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable LAMP technique for the detection of Cronobacter sakazakii in milk powder. In order to enhance the sensitivity and specificity, LAMP primers targeting outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene of C. sakazakii were designed using Explorer V4 software. Thirty seven C. sakazakii strains and 13 pathogenic microorganisms were used for comparative detection of C. sakazakii using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, and LAMP. LAMP developed in this study could specifically detect C. sakazakii strains without cross-reactivity with other foodborne pathogens. LAMP products amplified from ompA gene of C. sakazakii were digested with with HhaI and NruI enzyme. The specificity of LAMP was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. LAMP could detect C. sakazakii within 1 h without bacterial culture and its detection limit was as low as 1 CFU/mL C. sakazakii in milk. In the comparison of the sensitivity, LAMP showed 10,000- and 100-times higher detection limit than PCR or real-time PCR, respectively. Therefore, this study can conclude that LAMP is a rapid and reliable detection technique for C. sakazakii contaminated in powdered milk.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.156-160
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• 1997

The monoamine oxidase (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) plays a central role in the metabolism of many amines including the neurotransmitter monoamines. MAO is a flavoprotein found exclusively in the mitochondrial outer membrane, occuring in the MAO-A and MAO-B subtypes. MAO-A deaminates serotonin and noradrenaline much better than phenethylamine (PEA) or benzylamine (BA), and is preferentially inhibited by clorgyline, whereas MAO-B prefers PEA and BA as substrates and is preferentially inhibited by deprenyl. MAO inhibitors were among the first drugs used in the treatment of depression, and it is known to be the inhibition of MAO-A which is important for the antidepressant effect of MAO inhibitors. For the purpose of evaluating MAO inhibitory activities from natural resources, three kinds of edible mushrooms were screened by tracing the inhibitory activities against rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A, utilizing serotonin as a substrate and rat liver mitochondrial MAO-B utilizing benzylamine as a substrate. Among the tested mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidium and Lentinus edodes showed the weak inhibitory activities against MAO-B.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.533-541
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• 2000

Biochemical and genetic analysis were carried out to investigate the potential recovery of pathogenecity or related mutations of Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine strains. RB51 strains were recovered from commercial vaccines, including related seed stocks from private companies in Republic of Korea, strain from USA, a reference strain from C university and a field isolate (Daehungjin) from aborted dairy cow after RB51 vaccination were compared with two identified virulent wild strains (S2308 and a field strain isolated from dairy cow in Korea) at the same conditions. All the strains examined, except identified pathogenic strains, revealed the identical characteristics to the original RB51 in biochemical properties, antigen and bacteriophage typing. Outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles from strains of RB51 showed the same patterns with standard RB51 in SDS-PAGE. In addition, Western blotting with the brucella specific monoclonal antibody also indicated that all the vaccine strains were completely deficient in their LPS compared to the pathogenic Br abortus strains. The differences in DNA structures among strains were also possible to detect after PCR. All vaccine strains, except S19, S1119-3, S1075, S544 and Br suis, were amplified a 178bp DNA fragment of eri-gene, and 364bp of IS711 elements. In contrast, 498bp DNA product was only found with Br abortus. Overall evidences in the present study confirmed that the RB51 strains for vaccine production in Korea did not originated from the phenomena of possible recovery of pathogenicity or related to any potential mutation event at all.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 1992

Involvement of the facial nerve(herpes zoster oticus, Ramsay Hunt Syndrome) is a rather common clinical syndrome. It begins with unilateral ear pain, followed shortly by a peripheral facial palsy. Paresis or paralysis may affect the muscles of facial expression, which also close the eyelids. The levator palpebrae which is innervated by the 5th cranial nerve is spared, so the eye may remain open. The rash is usually confined to the tympanic membrane and the external auditory canal. It may spread to involve the outer surface of the lobe of the ear, anterior pillar or the fauces and mastoid. There also may be a loss of taste in the anterior two thirds of tongue. At time, the auditory nerve involvement produces tinnitus, deafness and vertigo. The 5th, 8th and 10th nerves and even the upper cervical spinal nerve can be involved presumedly on the base of spread of the infective process along anastomotic connections between the facial nerve. The facial paralysis is identical to that of Bells palsy. Frequently the recovery of facial nerve function is incomplete, leaving the patient with some residual facial weak ness. We experienced 2 cases of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome. The first patients, 55 year old male, visited our pain clinic on the day when his left facial nerve start to paralyze. We injected 6 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine into his left stellate ganglion 15 times. TENS was also applicated simultaneously. His facial paralysis was recovered completely 3 weeks after treatment without any complications. Another one, 53 year old male, visited us 7 weeks after onset of facial paralysis. He has been treated conventional oriental method(acupuncture, massage, warm application, etc). But the degree of his left facial paralysis didn't improve at all He has been treating with SGB 50 times and TENS for 2 months. Temporal and zygomatic branch of his left facial nerve recovered nearly completely but buccal and mandibular branch did not recover completely. We are willing to insist on the early treatment is the best choice in managing of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.627-633
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• 1997

Gonad structure, germ cell development and reproductive cycle of the smallmouth scorpionfish, Scorpaena miostoma were investigated based on histological method. Samples were collected monthly in the vicinity of Suyoung Bay, Pusan, Korea from November 1995 to October 1996. The testis is seminiferous tubule type in internal structure. Seminiferous tubule consists of numerous testicular cysts which contain numerous germ cells in same developmental stage. The ovary consists of several ovarian lamellae originated from ovarian outer membrane. Oogonia originated from the inner surface of the ovarian lamella protrude to the ovarian cavity in oocyte stage, and they are suspended by the egg stalk. Biological minimum size of female and male were 12.5cm in total length. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of female (3.81) and male (0.23) were the highest in October. Reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive stages: in female, growing stage $(May\~August)$, maturation stage $(September\~October)$, ripe and spawning stage $(November\~December)$, recovery and resting stage $(January\~April)$, and in male, growing stage $(June\~August)$, maturation stage $(September\~October)$, ripe and spent stage $(November\~January)$ and recovery and resting stage $(February\~May)$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.345-352
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• 1998

The diagnosis of brucellosis is currently based on serological and microbiological tests. However, the microbiological isolation and identification have several disadvantages such as time-consuming and laborious, and the serological methods have been reported to cross-react with antigens other than those from Brucella spp. To develop a sensitive and rapid diagnostic method for detection of Brucella species, the genus-specific primers were designed and synthesized from the sequence of gene encoding a 31kDa cell surface protein(BCSP) and a 36kDa outer membrane protein(OMPB) of B abortus. The amplified 711bp and 982bp DNA fragments were only visible in each species of Brucella by PCR method using the BCSP and OMPB primers, respectively. However, PCR product was not obtained with DNA from other Gram-negative bacteria. As little as 1pg of the B abortus genomic DNA could be detected by this PCR method. Using the PCR technique, semen samples from 185 bulls of Brucella-seronegative herds in Cheju island were examined for comparison of this PCR method with conventional methods in 1995. The semen samples from 5 bulls were positive by culture method and PCR, and one was positive and 5 were suspect by semen plasma agglutination test. However, the semen samples obtained from 177 bulls were negative by semen plasma agglutination, culture and PCR methods in 1996. The results of comparison tests suggested that PCR was a better test than agglutination test against semen of bulls. This study indicated that the PCR technique was a valuable for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, particulary in bull semens.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological changes of gonadotropes in pituitary gland and spermatogenic cells in testis, obtained from 150 of 3-year-old immature and mature male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the reproductive cycles from March to February in the following year. In the maturation cycle of the pituitary gonadotropes of cultured rainbow trout, three periods can be distinguished i.e. a period of resting(March-August), a period of full spermatogenesis (September-November), and a period of breeding (December-February). The ultrastructures of the gonadotropes largely parallel the cyclical changes in the tests. The seminiferous tubules contain all spermatogenetic stages and sperm cells in a period of early maturation. At first, the size of the nucleus and cytoplasm decrease gradually at every stages from spermatogonia to spermatids. In the secondary spermatocytes, the small mitochondria are located over the outer cytoplam. In spermatids, the cytoplasmic masses move toward the posterior part of the nucleus. In spermatids, the two large mitochondria are located over the cytoplasm. In spermatids, the cytoplasmic masses move towark the posterior part of the nucleus. In spermatids, the two large mitochondria are located over the cytoplasm and begin to elongate. In spermatozoa, the surface of the nucleus devreases in volume. Examination by TEM shows that the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane are slightlywrinkled and closely adhered to the nucleus of spermatozoa. Two oval mitochondria are quite separated and the flagellum is inserted into the base of the spermatozoa head.The axoneme in this fish has the typical pattern such as nine peripheral doublets and a central doublet(9+2). there are remarkable individual differences in the size and morphology of spermatozoa head as observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy.