• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제20권
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• pp.65-125
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• 1991

The study has tried to analize and appraise how did public library system under the Japanese imperialism affect the establishment and managemant of Korean public libraries. To achieve the purpose of the above-mentioned study, the contents of $\ulcorner$Japanese library statute$\lrcorner$ under Japanese imperialism and the current $\ulcorner$Korean library law$\lrcorner$ have been mutually compared, at the same time, the vestiage of Japanese imperialism in view of the establishment, personnel administration and reading systems have been concretely investigated, analyzed and compared. The conclusions obtained from the above are as followings. 1. In those days of the Korean Liberation, the situation of Korean public libraries was such as it under the Japanese rule and so, their names were only changed. However, as a part of its independent activities, the national library have once carried out the various programs such as the training of professional librarians, the establishment of the new classification schedule and the chief Librarian and deputy Librarian from the professional librarians in the office regulations, and they were well worth being the good examples for today's Korean library circle. Though the Goverment of the Republic of Korea had been formally established, the situation of the library circle was very dull owing to the Korean war for a long time. In 1963, $\ulcorner$The Korean library law$\lrcorner$ was promulgated, but the establishment of public libraries did not give satisfactory results because of the institutional fragility. In the 1980's the importance of library was embossed from the viewpoint of life-long education and the number of libraries was increased. However, there were still the remaining vestiges of Japanese library system in the practical library services. 2. After the Korean Liberation, the influnces of public library system under the Japanese imperialism showed in the office regulation of national library and the Korea library Law were also in the legal mechanism. In particular, the regulations of $\ulcorner$The staff-member of public library$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$Admission fee of public library$\lrcorner$ including the chief librarian have referred to the library system under the Japanese imperialism since the liberation day to date. 3. At that time of the Korean Liberation, the U.S.Military Government Office had decided that the public library administration should be attached to the administration of local and internal affairs in accordance with the Japanese administative system. As a result, the public libraries had been forced to be indirectly affected by public library system under the Japanese imperialism for twenty years since the Liberation. 4. Since the Liberation, the personnel adminstration of public library has been so far on the steps of model under the Japanese imperialism. As the result of the field survey, the position standards of local chief librarians, non-professional character, the extra post system and the preponderant appointment of non-professional offices have analyzed by the influence of Public library system under the Japanese imperialism. Therefore, the Government authorities-concerned must readjust the standards of qualification and the divided duties corresponding to the position of public library staff members and to stipulate expressly in the revised library law. In addition, the regulation of the admission fee should be also actively detected for the free adminssion of library users. 5. Since the Liberation Day, the reading methods of public library have been so far similar to reading method under the Japaness imperialism. For example, the admission fee levied, the complicated procedures of using books including entrance and exit of a library, no-admission system, the limited lending books, the deposit system of outdoor lending books and the surety liable jointly and severally are originally caused by bureaucracy of under the Japanese imperialism. Therefore, the public libraries should make an offer space and opportunities which can enjoy freedom to the gull in future. The procedures and standards of library users will be simplified, if possible. As the above-mentioned, the actual conditions of Korean public libraries have been examined and analyzed. As the result of it, there are still the remaining vestiges of public library system under the Japanese imperialism in the establishment and management of the nation-wide public libraries. Such the remnants are an obstacle to the democratic development of public libraries and so, the authorities-concerned should take the proper-measures as soon as possible.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2017

마을에서 벽화는 커뮤니티와 공간을 재생시키는 효과와 함께 경제적 효율성까지 겸하고 있다. 이 때문에 한국에서는 정부기관과 지자체를 중심으로 벽화조성사업을 활발히 진행하고 있고, 현재 벽화와 조형물 중심의 마을 프로젝트는 전국적으로 200곳에 이른다. 하지만 벽화마을 조성사업은 사업의 단기적 완결에 초점을 맞추어 획일화된 경관을 보급하고, 장소의 정체성을 오히려 파괴한다는 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 또한, 정부 주도 사업으로 조성된 벽화는 주민참여가 저조하여 지속가능한 경관관리가 잘 이루어지지 못하는 문제도 지적될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 벽화마을의 효시로 일컫고, 각종 미디어에서 주목받으며 급격한 경관 및 공간의 변화를 겪고 있는 이화동 벽화마을을 중심으로 벽화마을의 경관 변화과정의 맥락을 비판적 관점에서 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이화동 벽화마을의 경관 및 장소 정체성에 대한 주체 간의 인식 차이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 통해 장소의 정체성을 살리고, 경관 선호 차이를 고려한 장소 만들기에 필요한 기반을 마련하였다. 둘째, 이러한 데이터를 통해 벽화사업을 평가하고 발전방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 문헌조사를 통해 경관변화 과정의 맥락을 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 SNS로 재현되는 이화동의 경관자원을 분석하여 관광지로써의 현황 및 관광객들의 선호 경관을 파악하였다. 또한, 주민, 벽화사업으로 인한 새로 유입된 이주민, 관광객 각 이용집단 간 이화동 벽화마을의 장소 정체성 인식 및 경관선호의 차이를 심도 있게 알아보기 위해 현장조사 및 심층인터뷰를 진행하였다. 연구의 결과는 관광객들은 벽화 외에 의도적으로 조성하지 않은 풍경 또한 많이 주목하였는데, 선호 풍경과 선호 상점의 위치가 많은 부분 겹쳐 풍경감상이 가능한 장소의 인근 상점이 선호되고 있음을 파악하였다. 장소의 정체성에 대해 주민은 소외된 동네라는 인식이 강한 반면, 이주민과 관광객들은 비일상적 경관인 벽화를 장소의 정체성이라고 인식하였다. 경관 선호의 경우, 관광객은 휴식공간에 대한 선호가 높은 반면, 이주민과 주민은 휴식공간에 거의 주목하지 않았다. 또한, 이주민, 관광객은 특히 야간경관에 대한 선호를 보인 반면, 주민은 전혀 주목하지 않았다. 벽화사업의 방향과 관련해서는 주민과 이주민 모두 벽화조성 및 관리 등에 주체적 참여의식을 갖기보다는 정부에 의존적인 태도를 취하는 이들이 많았다. 본 연구는 전국적으로 확산되고, 도시재생, 참여디자인 등에 관해서 비판 없이 받아들여지고 있는 벽화마을 경관에 대한 문제점을 실증연구를 통해서 분석했다는 점에서 의의가 있을 것이다. 또한, 주민, 이주민, 관광객간의 장소 정체성 및 경관 선호의 차이를 분석하여 추후 벽화마을 사업에 시사점을 제공할 수 있으리라 기대한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2021

기후 온난화는 흰개미에 의한 목조건축문화재 및 가옥 등에 대한 피해를 증가시키고 있다. 현재 흰개미 피해 예방을 위해 건물 주변에 군체 제거 시스템을 설치하여 탐지와 제거를 진행하는 방법이 활용되고 있다. 그러나 1~2개월 단위로 현장을 주기적으로 방문해야 흰개미 유입 여부를 확인할 수 있어 신속한 조치를 취하기 어렵다. 또한 시스템이 장기간 노출된 상태로 설치·운영되기 때문에 결실되거나 훼손되어 기능 손상이 발생하고 있으며 문화재 주변에 설치된 경우 관람 환경을 저해하기도 한다. 본 연구는 목재, 셀룰로오스, 자석, 자력센서를 사용하여 흰개미 유입 여부를 판단하는 탐지 시스템을 제작하여 실험하였다. 그리고 현장을 방문하지 않고 결과를 확인하기 위해 적은 전력으로 작동되는 LoRa Network로 데이터를 전송받았다. 목재는 말목 형태로 제작되었고, 상부에서 하부로 구멍을 내어 유입된 흰개미가 셀룰로오스 시료로 이동이 용이하도록 하였다. 셀룰로오스 시료는 자석을 셀룰로오스로 감싸 원통형으로 만들었으며 목재의 구멍 상부에 삽입하였다. 그리고 목재 말목 상부를 마개로 덮어 이물질 등이 유입되지 않도록 하였으며, 빛·빗물 등 환경적 요인을 차단하여흰개미가 셀룰로오스 시료를 가해할 수 있는 환경을 조성하였다. 셀룰로오스가 흰개미에 의해 가해되면 자석 주위에 공간이 생기고 자석이 낙하하거나 기우는 등의 움직임이 발생하였다. 마개 내에 있는 자력센서는 셀룰로오스 시료 위쪽에 고정하여 자석의 움직임에 따라 자석과 센서 사이의 간격 변화를 측정하였다. 야외 현장 실험은 목재 탐지 시스템에 셀룰로오스 시료를 11개 삽입 후, 5~17일 사이에 현장 방문 없이 자석의 움직임을 통해 흰개미 유입을 확인하였다. 향후 추가적으로 기능을 개선하여 운영한다면 현장 방문 없이 흰개미의 침입 여부를 확인할 수 있고 제품 노출로 인한 훼손과 결실을 줄이며 이에 따라 문화재에 대한 관람 환경이 개선될 것으로 기대된다.