• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2022

Background: To analyze the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of 2 reconstruction methods after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: Three keywords, "gastric neoplasm," "distal gastrectomy," and "reconstruction," were used to search PubMed. We selected only randomized controlled trial that compared the anastomosis methods. A total of 11 papers and 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using the R software. Results: Among short-term clinical outcomes, a shorter operation time, reduced morbidity, and shorter hospital stay were found for Billroth type I (B-I) than for Roux-en-Y (RNY) reconstruction in the meta-analysis (P<0.001, P=0.048, P<0.001, respectively). When comparing Billroth type II (B-II) to RNY, the operation time was shorter for B-II than for RNY (P<0.019), but there were no differences in morbidity or length of hospital stay (P=0.500, P=0.259, respectively).Regarding long-term clinical outcomes related to reflux, there were significantly fewer incidents of reflux esophagitis, reflux gastritis, and bile reflux (P=0.035, P<0.001, P=0.019, respectively) for RNY than for B-I in the meta-analysis, but there was no difference between the 2 methods in residual food (P=0.545). When comparing B-II to RNY, there were significantly fewer incidents of reflux gastritis (P<0.001) for RNY than for B-II, but the amount of residual food and patient weight gain showed no difference. Conclusion: B-I had the most favorable short-term outcomes, but RNY was more advantageous for long-term outcomes than for other methods. Surgeons should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of each type of anastomosis and select the appropriate method.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.605-612
• /
• 2012

Multivariate data are often generated with multiple outcomes in various fields. Multiple outcomes could be mixed as continuous and discrete. Because of their complexity, the data are often dealt with by separately applying regression analysis to each outcome even though they are associated the each other. This univariate approach results in the low efficiency of estimates for parameters. We study the efficiency gains of the multivariate approaches relative to the univariate approach with the mixed data that include continuous and binary outcomes. All approaches yield consistent estimates for parameters with complete data. By jointly estimating parameters using multivariate methods, it is generally possible to obtain more accurate estimates for parameters than by a univariate approach. The association between continuous and binary outcomes creates a gap in efficiency between multivariate and univariate approaches. We provide a guidance to analyze the mixed data.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.39-50
• /
• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to substantiate the relationship between on-the-job training (OJT) characteristic factors and OJT outcomes and the moderating effect of the tie strength between a trainer and a trainee on the relationship. OJT characteristic factors were composed of a unit of work to be learned, trainee's motivation, trainer's ability, OJT design, and OJT support. OJT outcomes included job satisfaction and organizational commitment in the research. The tie strength means a sense of intimacy with a trainer. All of the OJT characteristic factors, OJT outcomes, and the tie strength were defined operationally as the perceived ones by a trainee. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzed the data of 302 employees in a domestic travel agency as early career for seven years or less. The main methods for the analysis were multiple linear regression analysis and moderating effect analysis. The whole process of the data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 21.0 for windows. Results - The results of the study are as follows: First, every five element of OJT, including unit of work to be learned, trainee's motivation, trainer's ability, OJT design, and OJT support, showed positive influence on OJT outcomes - job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Second, the tie strength between a trainer and a trainee was positively related with OJT outcomes. Finally, the strength of ties between the trainer and the trainee was found positively to moderate the relationship of a unit of work to be learned, OJT design, or OJT support, with OJT outcomes. However, the moderating effect of the tie strength was not significant statistically between the trainee's motivation or the trainer's ability, and OJT outcomes. Conclusion - In the study, it was demonstrated that every OJT characteristic factors have a positive contribution to job satisfaction and organizational commitment for early career employees. In addition, the study showed the need to pay attention to improve the quality of relationships between trainers and trainees, in order to increase the impact of a unit of work to be learned, OJT design, and OJT support. These findings suggest the implications in the three factors as external factors that constitute OJT. The three factors are made by HRD practitioners who are involved in design and operation of the program as well as their interventions to improve the quality of the relationship between trainers and trainees. On the other hand, it was demonstrated in the research that trainee's motivation and trainer's ability, regardless of their tie strength, have a direct impact on OJT outcomes by itself. Moreover, the trainee's motivation and trainer's ability are intrinsic characteristics, rather than external factors that constitute OJT. Therefore, they are unlikely to be changed by HRD practitioners' interventions. In conclusion, it was argued in the research that the trainee's motivation and trainer's ability should be a consideration in selecting and matching partners in OJT participants before starting OJT.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
• /
• 제33권51호
• /
• pp.328.1-328.12
• /
• 2018

Background: In cardiac arrest, the survival rate increases with the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), of which the initial response and treatment are critical. Telephone CPR is among the effective methods that might increase the provision of bystander CPR. This study aimed to describe and examine the improvement of neurological outcomes in individuals with out-of-hospital acute cardiac arrest by implementing the nationwide, standardized telephone CPR program. Methods: Data from the emergency medical service-based cardiac arrest registry that were collected between 2009 and 2014 were used. The effectiveness of the intervention in the interrupted time-series study was determined via a segmented regression analysis, which showed the risk ratio and risk difference in good neurological outcomes before and after the intervention. Results: Of 164,221 patients, 148,403 were analyzed. However, patients with unknown sex and limited data on treatment outcomes were excluded. Approximately 64.3% patients were men, with an average age of 63.7 years. The number of bystander CPR increased by 3.3 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-3.5) after the intervention, whereas the rate of good neurological outcomes increased by 2.6 times (95% CI, 2.3-2.9 [1.6%]; 1.4-1.7). The excess number was identified based on the differences between the observed and predicted trends. In total, 2,127 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) after the intervention period received additional bystander CPR, and 339 cases of OHCA had good neurological outcomes. Conclusion: The nationwide implementation of the standardized telephone CPR program increased the number of bystander CPR and improved good neurological outcomes.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.410-418
• /
• 2021

공학교육인증제를 운용하는 공학교육 프로그램에서 프로그램 학습성과는 학생이 졸업하는 시점까지 갖추어야 할 지식, 기술 그리고 태도를 말한다. 일반적으로, 프로그램 학습성과 성취도를 측정하는 평가도구로 캡스톤디자인을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 프로그램 학습성과 평가에 참여한 수요지향 평가자들의 평가 결과의 신뢰도를 측정하기 위해 급내 상관계수(ICC)를 계산한다. 즉, 같은 평가도구를 이용하여, 여러 명의 평가자가 학습성과를 평가하게 하고, 그 결과를 이용하여 평가자의 ICC를 구한다. ICC는 단체로 수집되거나 단체로 분류된 데이터에 대한 신뢰도의 등급을 측정하는 데 이용된다. ICC가 1에 가까우면 평가자 간 신뢰도가 높다고 판단할 수 있다. 이러한 방법을 지난 2년간의 4년제 대학 컴퓨터공학과 PO 평가 결과에 적용하여 평가도구의 신뢰성을 측정하고 분석하였다. 그리고 이 결과를 이용하여 평가자 간 ICC 측정값을 이용하면, 객관성이 부족한 평가도구를 찾아 보완할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, PO 평가체계에 대한 개선방안과 PO 수행 지침을 도출한다.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2011

The authors have developed a reading & writing textbook for engineering students to improve their communication capability, and also analyzed the outcomes that the students accomplished through the Engineering Reading and Writing class. The reading & writing textbook has been organized to be used as a guidebook with which the engineering students can practically solve the problems that they would face continuously after they finish their regular curriculum and when they are employed. The questionnaire survey analysis has been performed in order to evaluate the textbook contents, lecturing, and learning outcomes for the lecturers and students finished the engineering reading and writing classes. Desirable evaluation has been resulted in the broad areas: subject extraction from the readings, logical understanding, summarizing, practical writing, writing principle, etc.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.181-188
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of study was to determine differences in patient outcomes that exists in terms of Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) during hospital days of neurosurgical and respiratory patients. Method: Before starting clinical practicum, nursing students were received two hours' lecture on how to apply NOC to patient care plan and they were required to evaluate patient condition using NOC at the beginning and at the end of their clinical practicum. Data were extracted from 62 neurosurgical patients and 66 respiratory patients and analyzed by frequency and paired t-test. Results: The most frequently used NOC were Pain Level (37.1%), Mobility Level (25.8%), and Bowel Elimination (19.4%) in neurosurgical patients and Nutritional Status (37. 9%), Respiratory Status: Ventilation (37.9%) and Pain Level (25.8%) in respiratory patients. The numbers of outcomes used were 75 and 46 neurosurgical and respiratory patients respectively. During the hospital days, the level of patient outcomes increased significantly in all patient groups. Conclusion: The finding clearly suggests that nursing interventions make differences in patient outcomes and make contribution to the patient health achieved. To more effectively use NOC, however, nursing information system should be developed and included standardized nursing languages regarding nursing diagnoses and interventions.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.529-539
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This quantitative meta analysis sought to determine the effectiveness of SMIs. Method: Forty-six experimental studies with a randomized or nonequivalent control group pre-post test design were included in the analysis. The selected studies were classified according to the sample characteristics, the types and methods of the interventions, and the types of outcome variables. Six intervention types were distinguished: cognitive-behavioral intervention(CBT), relaxation techniques(RT), exercise(EX), multimodal programs 1 and 2(MT1, 2), and organization-focused interventions(OTs). Effect sizes were calculated for the 4 outcome categories across intervention types: psycho-social outcome, behavioral-personal resources, physiologic, and organizational outcome. Results : Individual worker-focused interventions(ITs) were more effective than OTs. A small but significant overall effect was found A moderate effect was found for RT, and small effects were found for other ITs, The effect size for OTs was the smallest. The interventions involving CBT and RT appeared to be the preferred means of reducing worker's psycho-social and organizational outcomes. With regard to physiologic outcomes, RT appeared to be most effective. CBT appeared to be most effective in reducing psycho-social outcomes. The effects of OT were non-significant, except for the psycho-social outcomes. Conclusions: SMIs are effective. Interventions involving RT and CBT are more effective than other types.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.57-66
• /
• 2015

This paper reviewed the effect of job burnout on safety outcomes, and the moderating effect of safety climate in Korean Air Force. The prevalence of burnout in air force pilots has not been determined and reviewed. It is also unknown whether pilots' burnout may affect their safety outcomes(safety action & compliance). The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout and it's effect on safety outcomes. For cross-sectional survey, 910 questionnaires were sent to pilots in air force, and 722 questionnaires among them were returned effectively. The questionnaire was divided into 4 parts examining pilots' demographic factors, job burnout, safety outcomes, and safety climates. To test and review proposed hypotheses, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used. The results of statistical analysis appeared as follow; 1) EE(emotional exhaustion) and RPA(reduced personal accomplishment) effected negatively on safety action. 2) EE and RPA effected negatively on safety compliance. 3) EE effected more positively on safety action in higher SS(superior support) group than in lower SS group. 4) RPA effected more positively on safety compliance in higher SS(superior support) group than in lower SS group. 5) RPA effected more positively on safety action in higher CW(coworker support) group than in lower CW group.

• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제59권3호
• /
• pp.281-304
• /
• 2007

사회복지 서비스 부문에서 최근 상호조직간 네트워크의 필요성이 증가하면서 상호조직간 네트워크 사업이 활성화되고 있다. 이와 함께, 네트워크 성과에 대한 책임성의 요구도 증가하고 있다. 네트워크 성과를 성공적으로 수행하기 위해서는 성과에 관한 상호조직 간의 공통된 이해의 틀을 갖추는 것이 필요하며, 성과 개념에 관한 합의 도출이 이루어져야 한다. 따라서, 본 연구는 사회복지 실천현장에서 각기 다른 이해관계에 놓인 조직들이 네트워크 성과측정을 기획하기 위한 기초 작업으로서 성과의 개념적 틀을 개발하고 개념적 합의를 도출할 수 있도록 돕는 concept mapping(개념도 연구법)을 적용한 사례를 소개하고 실천현장에서의 활용가능성을 모색해 보았다. 개념도 연구법을 적용한 결과 협력적인 수행과 지속적인 의사결정 과정 속에 놓여 있는 네트워크 조직에서의 성과측정 기획을 위한 실천적 함의를 발견할 수 있었으며, 사회복지 실천에의 적용 유용성을 향상하기 위한 대안들을 제시하였다.