• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2014

3-dimensional information for anatomic stucture plays a role as integral part in clinical aspect of dental practice. CBCT(cone beam computed tomography) has been accepted as useful diagnostic tool offering Volume data and images for evaluating teeth and jaws in lower radiation dose than conventional CT. CBCT equipment is essential for the quality assurance of it to ensure continued satisfactory performance and result of adequate images. Dental practitioner and oral and maxillofacial radiologist should have a responsibility and critical thinking to deliver this technology to patients in a responsible way, so that diaganostic value is maximised and radiation doses kept as low as resonably achievable. CBCT imaging modality should be used only after a review of the patient's health and imaging history and the completion of a thorough clinical examination. Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances Dental practitioners should prescribe CBCT imaging only when they expect that the diagnostic yield will benefit patient care, enhance patient safety or improve clinical outcomes significantly. Knowledge of patient dose is essential for clinicians who are making the decision regarding the justification of the exposure. There are some limitation in the measurement of patient dose in CBCT for the approval and adaptation of conventinal methodolgy in CT. It is also important to ensure that doses are optimised and in line with any national and international guidelines. The higher radiation doses of CBCT compared with conventional radiography, mean that high standards must be maintained. The Quality Assurance(QA) programme should entail surveys and checks that are performed according to a regular timetable. QA programme should be maintained by staff to ensure adherence to the programme and to raise its importance among staff.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.315-328
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• 1999

과학 및 과학교과에 대한 학생들의 정의적 인식이 어떻게 하면 긍정적인 방향으로 행동변화를 가져올 수 있는가?에 연구의 목적을 가지고서, 과학수업 과정에서 교사에 의한 학습환경의 분위기나 풍토를 조성하는 심리적 측면이 학생들의 성취도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1년간 동일한 교사로부터 과학수업을 받은 중 고등학교 2, 3학년학생들이 가지고 있는 교사인식을 바탕으로 심리적 학습환경을 측정하고, 이 환경인식에 따른 과학불안 인식, 과학에 대한 태도, 과학 탐구능력, 과학성취도와의 관계 및 효과를 조사하였다. 이를 토대로 밝혀진 결과는 심리적 학습 환경은 학생들의 정의적 인식 성향과 인지적 학습결과에 직 간접적인 효과를 주며, 유의한 정적 상관을 보였다. 즉, 교사가 조성하는 수업태도, 인성특성, 학습분위기, 수업행동, 지원적 행동 등은 학생들의 과학에 대한 정의적인 행동특성을 변화시킬 수 있는 수업의 사태로써 유의하게 작용할 수 있으며, 과학 성취에도 의미있게 작용한다는 점을 시사해주고 있다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2017

This study was designed to measure transit dose with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) in eight patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and to verify the accuracy of dose delivery to patients. The calculated dose map of the treatment planning system (TPS) was compared with the EPID based dose measured on the same plane with a gamma index method. The plan for each patient was verified prior to treatment with a diode array (MapCHECK) and portal dose image prediction (PDIP). To simulate possible patient positioning errors during treatment, outcomes were evaluated after an anthropomorphic phantom was displaced 5 and 10 mm in various directions. Based on 3%/3 mm criteria, the $mean{\pm}SD$ passing rates of MapCHECK, PDIP (pre-treatment QA) for 47 IMRT were $99.8{\pm}0.1%$, $99.0{\pm}0.7%$, and, respectively. Besides, passing rates using transit dosimetry was $90.0{\pm}1.5%$ for the same condition. Setup errors of 5 and 10 mm reduced the mean passing rates by 1.3% and 3.0% (inferior to superior), 2.2% and 4.3% (superior to inferior), 5.9% and 10.9% (left to right), and 8.9% and 16.3% (right to left), respectively. These findings suggest that the transit dose-based IMRT verification method using EPID, in which the transit dose from patients is compared with the dose map calculated from the TPS, may be useful in verifying various errors including setup and/or patient positioning error, inhomogeneity and target motions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1454-1466
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• 2016

This paper implements an estimated ranking algorithm of closeness centrality measures in large-scale workflow-supported social networks. The traditional ranking algorithms for large-scale networks have suffered from the time complexity problem. The larger the network size is, the bigger dramatically the computation time becomes. To solve the problem on calculating ranks of closeness centrality measures in a large-scale workflow-supported social network, this paper takes an estimation-driven ranking approach, in which the ranking algorithm calculates the estimated closeness centrality measures by applying the approximation method, and then pick out a candidate set of top k actors based on their ranks of the estimated closeness centrality measures. Ultimately, the exact ranking result of the candidate set is obtained by the pure closeness centrality algorithm [1] computing the exact closeness centrality measures. The ranking algorithm of the estimation-driven ranking approach especially developed for workflow-supported social networks is named as RankCCWSSN (Rank Closeness Centrality Workflow-supported Social Network) algorithm. Based upon the algorithm, we conduct the performance evaluations, and compare the outcomes with the results from the pure algorithm. Additionally we extend the algorithm so as to be applied into weighted workflow-supported social networks that are represented by weighted matrices. After all, we confirmed that the time efficiency of the estimation-driven approach with our ranking algorithm is much higher (about 50% improvement) than the traditional approach.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3345-3350
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• 2015

Background: Evaluation of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in cervical cancer patients is important in order to design the interventions for improving patient outcomes. Reports of HRQOL among cervical cancer patients in Indonesia are limited. Moreover, measurement using EQ-5D-3L is to our best knowledge has hitherto not been performed. This study aimed to examine the HRQOL of cervical cancer patients in Indonesia using EQ-5D-3L. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing cervical cancer patients using the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. Percentages of patients who reported having problems in each dimension of EQ-5D as well as EQ-5D index score (utility) were calculated. Results: Our findings indicated that the most frequent reported problems were pain/discomfort (67.8%) followed by anxiety/depression (57.5%). The mean of EQ-5D VAS was 75.8 (SD=17.0). The mean (SD) utility scores were 0.85 (0.19), 0.76 (0.20), 0.71 (0.21), and 0.77 (0.13) for cervical cancer patients in stage I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Conclusions: Cervical cancer significantly affects patient HRQOL. Efforts should be made to improve the quality of life of cervical cancer patients especially in terms of pain /discomfort and anxiety/depression reduction.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.99-116
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• 2012

이 연구는 국가적 차원에서 외국학술지의 효율적 이용을 위해 설립된 외국학술지지원센터들의 운영전반과 성과를 평가하기 위한 평가지표를 개발하기 위해 시도된 것이다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 평가지표를 운영전략과 운영시스템, 운영성과의 세 부문으로 나누고, 이를 다시 8개 세부부문, 16개 지표, 35개 세부지표로 구분하여 제시하였다. 각각의 지표는 AHP 전문가설문조사 결과 도출된 가중치로 배점을 결정하였으며, 최종점수는 운영전략부문 190점, 운영시스템부문 440점, 운영성과부문 370점, 총 1,000점 만점으로 구성하였다. 개발된 평가지표를 바탕으로 평가지표정의서를 개발하였으며, 이 정의서를 기반으로 시범평가와 자체평가를 실시하여, 차후의 실제평가에서 나타날 수 있는 문제점들을 검토하도록 하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is a pleiotropic hormone that affects various body organ systems. We evaluated the prevalence of a vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and its potential role in the clinical condition of critically ill Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Patients under 18 years old with a 25(OH) vitamin D measurement on the first day of PICU admission were included from among the children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our tertiary children's hospital between October 2017 and January 2019. RESULTS: A total of 172 pediatric patients were enrolled. The mean 25(OH) vitamin D level was 17.5 ± 12.8 ng/mL. There was a 65.1% prevalence of VDD (25(OH) vitamin D level < 20 ng/mL). VDD was associated with age at PICU admission, gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary disorders, International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis disseminated intravascular coagulation (ISTH DIC) score, pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (pMODS) score and with several laboratory test findings including hemoglobin, platelet, C-reactive protein, serum albumin, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, and anti-thrombin III levels. Most of these parameters also showed significant linear correlations with the 25(OH) vitamin D level (P < 0.05). However, no statistically meaningful association was found between VDD and other clinical conditions such as the need for a mechanical ventilator, requirement for vasoactive drugs, duration of the PICU and hospital stays, or PICU mortality. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of VDD in critically ill Korean children. There were significant associations between the 25(OH) vitamin D level and gastrointestinal/hepatobiliary disorders, the pMODS score and with coagulation related factors. Further large-scale studies with more specific subgroup analyses are required to more precisely assess the clinical implications of VDD in critically ill pediatric patients.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effect of Korean Medical Treatment and acupuncture based on M-test theory & herbal medicine for treating systemic sclerosis. Methods : We treated a patient diagnosed with systemic sclerosis. We used general acupuncture & acupuncture based on M-test theory, herbal medicine, moxibustion, and physical therapy. The outcomes were evaluated by using peripheral body temperature measurement, numeric rating scale(NRS), visual analog scale(VAS), and an activities of daily living(ADL) questionnaire for systemic sclerosis. Results : The average peripheral body temperature increased from $36.16^{\circ}C$ to $36.38^{\circ}C$. The NRS showed no difference, but VAS decreased from 7.43 to 5.43. The ADL questionnaire score decreased from 17 to 12. Conclusion : This case study suggests that Korean Medical Treatment and acupuncture based on M-test theory & herbal medicine could be effective for treating systemic sclerosis. However, further studies are needed to confirm this result.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.20.1-20.7
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• 2015

Background: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the reliability and outcomes of computer-assisted techniques in mandibular reconstruction with a fibula flap and verify whether the surgical navigation system was feasible in mandible reconstructive surgery. Methods: Eight cases were enrolled in the computer assisted surgery (CAS) group and 14 cases in the traditional group. The shaping and fixation of the fibula grafts were guided by computer assisted techniques, which could be monitored with the BrainLAB surgical navigation system. The variation of mandible configuration was evaluated by CT measurement in the Mimics software, including the variation of length, width, height and gonial angle of the mandible. The 3D facial soft tissue alteration was also analyzed in 3D chromatogram by Geomagic software. Results: All 22 fibula flaps survived. The mandibular configurations and facial contours had a better clinic result in the CAS group. The length, width, height and gonial angle of the reconstructive mandible were more similar to the original one. The Wilcoxon rank sum test analysis suggested significant differences in the measurements. The chromatographic analysis also visually showed superiority over the traditional group. Conclusions: The computer assisted surgical navigation method used in mandibular reconstruction is feasible and precise for clinical application. The contour of the reconstructed mandible and facial symmetry are improved with computer techniques.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 1990

This is a study on an instruction of estimation for error correction in the calculation with a computer or a calculator. The aim of this study is to survey a new aspect of calaulation teaching and the teaching strategy of estimation and finally to frame a new curriculum model of estimation instruction. This research required a year and the outcomes of the research can be listed as follows: 1. Social utilities of estimation were made clear, and a new trend of calculation teaching related to estimation instruction was shown. 2. The definition of estimation was given and actual examples of conducting an estimation among pupils in lower grades were given for them to have abundant experiences. 3. The ways of finding estimating values in fraction and decimal fraction were presented for the pupils to be able to conduct an estimation. 4. The following contents were given as a basic strategy for estimation. 1) Front-end strategy 2) Clustering strategy 3) Rounding strategy 4) Compatible numbers strategy 5) Special numbers strategy 5. In an instuction of estimation the meaning, method. and process of calculation and calculating algorithm were reviewed for the cultivation of children's creativity through promoting their basic skill, mathematical thinking and problem-solving ability. 6. The following contents were also covered as an estimation strategy for measurement 1) Calculating the sense of quantity on the size of unit. 2) Estimating the total quantity by frequent repetition of unit quantity. 3) Estimating the length and the volume by weighing. 4) Estimating unknown quantity based on the quatity already known. 5) Estimating the area by means of equivalent area transformation. 7. The ways of instructing mental computation were presented. 8. Reviews were made on the curricular and the textbook contents concerning estimation instructions both in Korea and Japan. and a new model of curriculum was devised with reference to estimation instruction data of the United States.