• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.656-679
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• 2022

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the fidelity of stroke stage reporting, the timeliness of the outcome measures, and the use of the core outcome set. Methods: We searched the literature using 6 domestic databases. We selected studies that used Korean medicine interventions and targeted stroke patients with motor sequelae. We examined whether the included studies reported the stroke stage and whether they used the outcome measures in the appropriate period based on the recommendations of the "Stroke Evidence Database to Guide Effectiveness". We also confirmed the use of the essential assessment tools suggested by the core outcome set. Results: Overall, 77 studies were finally selected, with 16 (21%), 55 (71%), and 6 (8%) published on the acute, subacute, and chronic phases, respectively. Only 11 of the studies directly mentioned the stroke stage. The most commonly used assessments were the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Modified Barthel Index, and Manual Muscle Testing. Only 5 studies failed to apply the stage-related outcome measures at the recommended period. The outcome variables used inadequately were the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Functional Ambulation Categories, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Among the core outcome set items, some studies used liver and renal function tests, but no herbal medicine safety reporting was conducted. Conclusions: In future studies, we propose to ensure accurate reporting of the stroke stage with reliable outcome measures to deliver better clinical and research outcomes. Furthermore, in future clinical studies on stroke, a standard protocol that reflects the core outcome set should be developed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.863-866
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• 2016

Background: Extensive efforts have been made to investigate c-KIT expression in lung cancer specimens and its correlation with clinical outcomes, but the issue remains unresolved. Thus, this study will be conducted to clarify the prognostic value of c-KIT expression in lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We will search Pubmed, SCOPUS, and ISI web of sciences with no restriction of language. Studies with any design (except case reports or case series) evaluating correlations of c-KIT expression with survival or outcome in patients with lung cancer will be included. The outcome measures will include all types of survival indexes, including overall survival rate and disease free survival using Kaplan-Meier analysis and hazard ratios. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent researchers. Quality assessment (assessment of risk of bias) and data synthesis will be implemented using Stata software version 11.1. Results: No ethical issues are predicted. These findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences. Conclusions: This systematic review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number = CRD42015023391.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the immediate postoperative nutritional status and calorie adequacy on clinical outcomes in liver transplant recipients. Methods: A total number of 99 patients who received liver transplants were recruited from a tertiary university hospital. Demography, subjective global assessment, clinical outcomes and calorie adequacy were evaluated through personal interviews, electronic medical records and dietary records. Anthropometric measures, body mass index and percent of ideal body weight were also obtained. Results: At admission to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), the triceps skinfold thickness and mid-arm muscle circumference were significantly lower in the malnourished group than in the well-nourished group (p<.05, respectively). In the clinical outcomes, transfusion of red blood cells, mechanically ventilated hours, length of stay in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), length of stay in the hospital, and prothrombin time were significantly higher in the malnourished group than in the well-nourished group (p<.05, respectively). The mechanically ventilated hour was significantly higher in the group with less than 50% of their required energy intake (p<.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it is important to assess the nutritional status of immediate postoperative patients. Furthermore, studies on nutritional interventions are urgently needed to provide adequate nutritional care for patients in ICUs.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.194-204
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• 2014

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine significant improvement of gait ataxia, vertigo and tremor after treatment with Sipyimigwanjung-tang, Hyangsayangwi-tang in a Soeumin Greater Yin Symptomatology patient Diagnosed as Cerebellar ataxia. Methods The patient was diagnosed with Soeumin Greater Yin Symptomatology and treated with Soeumin's constitutional medications and acupuncture. The primary outcome measures for this study were the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale(UMSARS) and Cerebellar function test to assess the overall function of patient. Secondary outcome assessment included Global Assessment Scale(GAS), change of patient's sleep, stool and digestion. Results The symptoms of gait ataxia, vertigo and tremor decreased from GAS 100 to GAS 0~40 after treatment, and the UMSARS score decreased in Part I, II. Conclusions This case showed that Sasang Constitutional medicine treatment can be effective treatment method for cerebellar ataxia. We consider that consistent treatment can contribute to improve the patient's quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.209-215
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• 2021

Objectives: Vascular malformation (VM) of the tongue can cause true macroglossia in children. Reduction glossectomy provides primary relief when sclerotherapy has failed or is not possible. In this study, we evaluated the surgical role in functional outcome of reduction glossectomy performed for VM of the tongue. Patients and Methods: We evaluated the functional and surgical outcomes of seven children who were treated at a tertiary care centre in Southern India between 2013 and 2018. Results: Six children underwent median glossectomy, while one child underwent lateral glossectomy. Functional assessment was performed at least 2 years after the date of surgery. At the time of assessment, speech was comprehensible for three children and was occasionally unintelligible in four children. Taste and swallowing were normal in all seven children. Six children exhibited a minimal residual lesion after surgery, of which only one was symptomatic. Residual lesions were managed with sclerotherapy (n=3), observation (n=2), or repeat surgery (n=1). Conclusion: Reduction glossectomy in children with macroglossia secondary to VMs has acceptable outcomes in terms of cosmesis and speech, with no gastronomic restriction.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.57-71
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• 2004

This study aims to review the environmental impact assessment systems of Japanese local governments, to compare its outcome with the systems of Korean local governments, and to suggest the development direction for the environmental impact assessment systems of Korean local governments based on the result. The study results showed that, first, due to distinction in the political systems of Japan and Korea, while Japan has bottom-up environmental impact assessment systems, Korea has topdown environment impact assessment systems. Second, although introduction of national systems on planning was put on hold as a future initiative, local governments including Tokyo and Saitama are experimenting evaluation procedures tailored to local features by legislating them as regulations. On the other hand, while 'prior environmental review system' was in effect as a national system, nothing was practiced at all by local governments. Third, in a total of 47 Japanese local governments, about 45 projects and 44 assessment items were added to local government environmental impact assessment only and designated as target projects and assessment items. Fourth, in both national and local environment impact assessment systems in Japan, screening procedures to determine assessment by separating into Type 1 projects and Type 2 projects and scoping procedures to discuss assessment items in advance were introduced and in effect. This Japanese EIA system may serve as a good reference to the Korean national and local government EIA systems.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2008

The study is intended to develop the measures to introduce the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) project manager (Environmental Assessor), who will be responsible for leading the EIA task. This role requires a quality standard of expertise in the area of natural science, social science, knowledge and technology on environment design mechanism, and the integrated approaches that combine the relevant policies and systems. To facilitate the system, the certificate will be given to the person who is well acquainted with the knowledge on EIA with relevant experiences, thereby authorizing them to coordinate the assessment task for reliable outcome. Hence, the need for introducing the system is very crucial. The EIA project manager, as a guide for an EIA project team, shall be the person who has a comprehensive understanding of the project, the knowledge about the principal for implementation of EIA and the expertise in structuring the management system, with a skill to maintain the good relationship with the people engaged in the project. To that end, it is highly recommended to set up such a certificate system to be incorporated in the college curriculum.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

The regulation for industrial accident rate level assessment of construction companies was introduced to the construction industry in the Republic of Korea since 1993 and has brought positive outcome on industrial accidents reduction at construction work sites. There were considerable decrease of industrial accident ratio and enforcing of contrators' safety organizations from the beginning of the regulation for industrial accident rate level assessment. In spite of these positive outcomes, there were some negative effects such as contractors' shrinking accident reports to keep good accident ratios since these figures had a great impact on pre-qualification stage of bidding when general contractors were competing for new construction projects. In addition, Comprehensive evaluation bid system, which replaces the lowest price bid system is applied to government-ordered construction projects since 2016. Comprehensive evaluation bid system includes construction company's accident rate as one of the evaluation items and carries out with the industrial accident rate level assessment of construction companies at the same time. The regulations of two systems have been called for improvement to unify these different procedures and standards which have led business stakeholders to confusion for several years. This study aims to devote on lessening shrinking accident reports and to reduce the waste of business stakeholders through changing the regulation for industrial accident rate level assessment.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.361-378
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• 2021

While the pavement rating system is being utilized for periodic road condition assessment in the Eastern Region municipality of Saudi Arabia, the condition assessment is costly, time-consuming, and not comprehensive as only few parts of the road are randomly selected for the assessment. Thus, this study is aimed at developing a condition assessment model for a specific sample of a residential road network in Dammam City based on an individual road and a road network. The model was developed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) according to the defect types and their levels of severity. The defects were arranged according to four categories: structure, construction, environmental, and miscellaneous, which was adopted from sewer condition coding systems. The developed model was validated by municipality experts and was adjudged to be acceptable and more economical compared to results from the Eastern region municipality (Saudi Arabia) model. The outcome of this paper can assist with the allocation of the government's budget for maintenance and capital programs across all Saudi municipalities through maintaining road infrastructure assets at the required level of services.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2022

PURPOSE: A gait assessment is an important component of the rehabilitation process, and observational gait assessment (OGA) is used routinely in clinical settings. This study examined the association of OGA tools with the independent walking ability in stroke patients to determine a cutoff value of the OGA tool according to independence levels of stroke patient gait. METHODS: Two hundred ten hemiparetic stroke patients participated in the study. The independence of gait was identified using the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) classifications. The walking ability was assessed using OGA tools (Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment [RVGA], Wisconsin Gait Scale [WGS], Tinetti Gait Scale [TGS], and Functional Gait Analysis [FGA]). RESULTS: Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that among the OGA tools, the FGA correlated with the FAC. The FGA explained approximately 77% of the variance in FAC. In distinguishing the independence levels, the cutoff values were as follows: between FAC 1 and FAC 0 was .5 points; between FAC 2 and lower levels, 5.5; between FAC 3 and lower levels, 11.5; between FAC 4 and lower levels, 14.5; and between FAC 5 and lower levels, 18.5. Items 1, 2, 3, and 10 were identified as explaining most of the variance in the FGA in the stepwise multiple regression. CONCLUSION: The present study found that the FGA is an assessment tool related to the level of gait independence after stroke. Furthermore, the FGA total score can serve as an index of the increase in independence level after stroke.