• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Horse riding simulator exercise on pain, dysfunction and dynamic balance in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain. METHODS: In this study, total 19 college students usually complain of low back pain who were randomly divided into the horse riding simulator exercise group (n=10), lumbar strengthening exercise group (n=9) were recruited. Each group carried out for 30 minutes exercise three times a week for 4 weeks. Horse riding simulator exercise group carried out 15 minutes horse riding simulator exercise and 15 minutes lumbar strengthening exercise. Lumbar strengthening exercise group carried out 30 minutes lumbar strengthening exercise. Visual analogue scale (VAS) were measured for evaluation back pain. Korean oswestry disability index (KODI) were measured for dysfunction. Limits of stability (LOS) were measured for dynamic balance. RESULTS: VAS, KODI, LOS results showed a significant change within both horse riding simulator exercise group, lumbar strengthening exercise group. CONCLUSION: Present study suggested that the horse riding simulator exercise can improve back pain, dysfunction, dynamic balance. Horse riding simulator exercise provides more convenience, interest and motivation than conversional therapy and it could be a possible approach to adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.133-155
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the pattern and characteristics of population movement in Kangwon province. The data for this study were drawn from in- out- migration data established by Korea National Statistical Office(KNSO) between 2000 and 2007. Sample survey and depth interview were also used. The results showed that the population of all Si and Gun except Choonchun and Wonju declined. This decline of population in Kangwon province persisted during the last decades. The decline started with the industrialization in the 1960s and 1980s. The decline of population in Kangwon province continued in the 1990s and 2000s with the open agriculture policy rooted in UR and FTA. All Si and Gun can be classified into five groups in terms of population movement in Kangwon province between 2000 and 2007. The first group(Group B) is where in-migration from other Si and Gun and out-migration to Seoul and Kyunggi continues in the period. Choonchun, Wonju, and Sokcho belong to this category. The second group(Group C) is where out-migrarion to Seoul and Kyunggi is larger the in-migration. It includes Cholwon, Taebaek, Donghae, and Samchok. The third group(Group D) is where out-migration to Group B is larger than that of other places. Hwachun, Pyungchang, Hoegsung, Gosung, and Hongchun are included in this group. The fourth group(Group E) is where out-migration to both Group B and Seoul & Kyunggi is large. Youngwol, Gangnung, and Chungsun belong to this category. The fifth group(Group F) is where few population movement occurs. It includes Yangyang, Yanggu, and Injae. The findings also shows that the extent of population movement to Choonchun and Wonju is larger than that of Seoul and Kyunggi in recent period. This finding indicates that the effect of base city like Choonchun and Wonju has become in recent years.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2007

This study was to investigate dietary life and eating-out style related to breakfast frequency of male students in culinary college. This survey was conducted using questionnaires for 110 male students at college in Hongseung. Mean height and body weight of those we investigated was 174 cm and 70.5 kg. The one to two times per week breakfast eating group was 34.55%, which is exceedingly numerous; none per week breakfast eating group was 30%; three to tow times per week breakfast eating group was 15.45%; everyday breakfast eating group was only 9.09%. The breakfast frequency was very low, and the not-eating breakfast problem is serious to think of in male college students. Mean weight, body fat and body mass index(BMI) of the everyday breakfast eating group was lower than the other group even it was not significant. The self-boarding house or dormitory living condition group was not eating breakfast was significant. So a correct dietary lift and eating habit should be taught further for male college students. The smoking group was a significant low frequency of breakfast eating, as well as the lower frequency of breakfast, or worse recognition of self health condition. Higher frequency of breakfast showed more contentment of self body weight. Cooked rice was significantly the most preferable for breakfast. The lower breakfast frequency tended to eat breads or cereals. The lower frequency of breakfast, self recognition of eating rate as speedier was significant, and tended to have a higher frequency of eating-out because of being annoyed by cooking. The lower breakfast frequency ate out more. Twenty five percent of the everyday breakfast eating group ate out because of a special day, and thirty five percent of the not eating breakfast group did so because of being annoyed by cooking. Their mean dietary evaluation grade was under the normal grade, which means that culinary college male students' dietary lives were poor. The lower frequency of breakfast and lower grade of food life evaluation, indicates the importance of nutritional breakfasts education should be improved for male culinary college students also.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.789-797
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• 2009

In order to investigate the effects of frequent eating-out and breakfast skipping of working men on body mass index and nutrients intake status, working male adults aged 20 or over were selected (n = 1883) from the data of 2001 Korea national health and nutrition survey. The subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the eating-out frequency(high: once or more daily, low: less than once daily) and breakfast eating or not. Four groups were high eating-out with breakfast eating (n = 609), high eating-out with breakfast skipping (n = 192), low eating-out with breakfast eating (n = 877), and low eating-out with breakfast skipping (n = 205). High eating-out group showed higher body mass index (BMI) than low eating-out group, but the difference of BMI was disappeared when adjusted with age, residence region and family income. However high eating-out group in case of breakfast eating, compared with the low eating-out, showed higher intakes or densities of energy, fat, fat-energy% and higher ratio of energy-fat overintake, and also showed higher mean nutritional adequacy ratio and lower ratio of nutrients intake deficiency. Calcium, iron, vitamin A and C intakes were not affected by eating-out frequency, but were lowered by breakfast skipping. Breakfast skipping also decreased intake frequency of unprocessed cereals and increased those of ramyon and carbonated and alcoholic beverages. From the results frequent eating-out with breakfast eating caused increased intakes of energy and fat, but did not cause BMI increase. Breakfast skipping, but not eating-out, had negative influences on mineral and vitamin intakes. Accordingly good eating-out as well as breakfast eating should be exceedingly emphasized at nutrition education for the working males.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 1969

Heterotopic abdominal homograft of canine heart was carried out in 20 pairs of dogs. Of these 12 cases were subjected as a control and 8 were subjected to immunosuppressive group. The dosage of immunosuppressive agent was 5mg/kg/day of Imuran [Azathioprine] for 3 days preoperatively, 10mg/kg on operative day and 5mg/kg/day postoperatively. For reducing the metabolic demand, the donor heart was preserved in 4degree heparinized saline solution for approximately I4 minutes. In the most of the cases, transplantation was performed with the technique of end-to-side aorto-aortic anastomosis and end-to-side pulmonary artery-inferior vena cava anastomosis at the infrarenal portion. Five out of 20 grafted dogs were survived more than one day. The longest survived 18 days in the control group and survive more than 60 days in the treated group. The survival cases were 3 out of 8[37. 5%] in the group of dogs treated with lmuran and 2`out of 12 [16.6%] in the group of non-treated. A prominent gross findings of the grafted heart was a minimal to moderate degree of dilatation of the heart with or without thrombosis in the cardiac chambers and/or anastomotic site. The case number 10, 15, and 19 showed moderate hypertrophy in grossly. The microscopic findings were as follows; 1. There were early hypersensitive histologic reactions such as interstitial edema, cellular infiltrations and early degenerative changes in the myocardium in the cases of 3 hour survival. 2. In the cases of more than 6 hours survival, organizing thrombosis of myocardial vessels, vasculitis,myocardial necrosis and lymphocyte, plasma cell, round cell infiltrations were noted. In the cases of more than 12 hours survival, the degree of these histologic changes especially in the non-treated group were more intensified than in the treated. 3. In the cases which survived more than one day, so called homograft specific histologic changes were milder in the immunosuppressive group compared with the control. 4. All the host hearts showed no evidence of pathologic findings histologically. Among the homologous canine cardiac transplantation tissue reaction, was milder and suvival time longer in the group treated with immunosuppressive drug.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.729-734
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• 2007

Purpose: The operative treatment for blow-out fracture involves restoration of intra-orbital soft tissue and bony structural integrity. There are several methods for reconstruction of inferior blow out fracture. We report reduction of inferior blow-out fracture with urinary balloon catheter in comparison with $Medpor^{(R)}$ using group to complication rate. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 67 patients who underwent inferior orbital blow-out fracture reconstruction with $Medpor^{(R)}$ implant or urinary balloon catheter following between 2003 and 2006. Hospital records were reviewed especially for preoperative and postoperative enophthalmos, diplopia, extraocular muscle movement limitations, and hypoesthesia between $Medpor^{(R)}$ implant group and balloon catheter using group. Results: There was no significant statistical difference between both groups on incidence of postoperative complications of enophthalmos, diplopia, extraocular muscle movement limitations, and hypoesthesia. Postoperative infection, ectropion were absent in both groups.Conclusion: The use of urinary balloon catheter is simple, fast and inexpensive. Urinary balloon catheter is an alternative and reliable use for reduction of inferior orbital blow-out fracture.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.123-131
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• 2005

In the present study, laboratory pull-out tests with screw anchors are carried out to investigate behavior characteristics of the anchors used in foundation system of underground structures which are applied to uplifting seepage forces. Small scaled pull-out tests in sand under saturated condition and dry condition were carried out. For estimating the group effects of the anchors, the upward displacement and the pullout load varied with spacing of the anchor were observed. The test results were compared with theoretical equation for the ultimate pull-out force. Also, the result of tests can be used to the finite element analysis program, $PENTAGON^{2D}$.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.135-156
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• 1990

This study was undertaken to investigate the difference of chin morphology and mandibular form in relation to different mandibular growth direction. The subject was divided into three group i.e., control group, vertical group, and horizontal group, according to the criteria of $Bj{\ddot{o}}rk$ sum, and each group was composed of 15 females and 15 males. Medial axis analysis in addition to the routine cephalometric analysis using P.I.A.S. (personal image analysing system) was carried out to find out the differences of mandibular morphology on each group. The results were as follows: 1. The area of symphysis was larger in horizontal growth group than that of vertical growth group. 2. Protruding chin area was also larger in horizontal growth group than that of vertical growth group. 3. There was a close correlationship between protruding chin area and other form of mandible. 4. Antegonial notch depth and ramus posterior contour depth was deeper in vertical growth group than in horizontal growth group, and antegonial notch depth was more influenced by anterior part of notch than posterior part of notch. 5. Mental medial axis and incisal medial axis length, in relation to corpus medial axis length was larger in vertical growth group than in horizontal growth group.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.52-62
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• 2024

Background: This study was to investigate effects of narrow squat exercise according to ankle angle of Toe in 10° and Toe out 10° on women with genu varum. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial or Cross-sectional Study. Methods: 30 adult women with genu varum participated in this study. All subjects were randomly assigned to 15 people of narrow squat exercise in ankle angle of Toe in 10° group (TI) and 15 people of narrow squat exercise in ankle angle of Toe out 10° group (TO). The narrow squat exercise program was conducted three times a week for six weeks. The distance between the knees was measured by using Digital Vernier Caliper. The quadriceps angle (Q-angle) was measured by using Goniometer. The stride length and propulsion were measured through G-Walk Results: Both TI and TO groups showed effective significant differences in distance between the knees, Q-angle, and propulsion (p<.05). There was no significant difference in stride length (p>.05). Left leg propulsion was found to be significantly more effective in TI group than in TO group (p<.05). Conclusion: These results suggested that narrow squat exercise according to ankle angle of toe in 10° and toe out 10° was effective for genu varum. However, compared to TO group, TI group was more effective in gait propulsion. It is considered that narrow squat exercise in ankle angle of Toe in 10° can be suggested as an effective intervention method for women with genu varum.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.231-251
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the drop-out from the domestic violence offenders' treatment group programs in Korea, on the assumption that it would be an important challenge to prevent the domestic violence offenders from dropping out from their treatment group programs in order to protect the victim women and improve effectiveness of the programs. For this purpose, the researchers sampled a total of 280 domestic violence offenders who had participated in the domestic violence offenders' treatment programs operated by 65 domestic violence counselling organizations throughout the nation. As a result, it was found that 159(56.8%) out of the 280 offenders had completed the programs, while 121(43.2%) had dropped out from the programs. As a consequence of comparing the two groups, it was disclosed that they differed significantly in terms of cohabitation with spouse and attitude toward sex role. As a result of the logistic regression analysis for the factors affecting the drop outs from the treatment group program, it was found the significant factors were employment, path of being referred to the program and attitude toward sex role.