• Health Communication
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2017

Purpose: As the internet use of teenagers become more common, the need for research on the relationship between the internet and youth depression has emerged. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between internet use and adolescent depression. Methods: The subjects of this study were youth attending elementary($6^{th}$ grade), middle($2^{nd}$ grade), and high schools($2^{nd}$ grade) belonging to the Busan Metropolitan City Office of Education. Depression was assessed using the BDI depression scale. Internet functions were classified into 10 categories, and the degree of use by Internet functions was examined. The most frequently used Internet sites were surveyed. Univariate analysis using $X^2$ test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis were conducted to find out the difference of internet and smartphone media function on depression according to elementary, middle and high school students. Results: Depression was higher of 13.2 times for students who use online transactions (goods purchase), 0.07 times for students who use 'bulletin board' activities in elementary students. Depression was higher of 1.55 times for those who use online transactions (purchasing goods), and 2.3 times for those who use adult sites for middle school students. Depression was higher of 2.1 times when using e-mail and 1.9 times when using other information retrieval for high school students. Conclusion: It is necessary to consider characteristics of internet utilizing pattern by school class in policy regulation and prevention program to reduce youth depression.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2020

Purpose: The number of Korean adolescents engaging in gambling is increasing, especially among out-of-school adolescents. This study aimed to identify patterns of gambling activities and factors related to specific subgroups of out-of-school adolescent gambling activities. Methods: This descriptive study analyzed secondary data from the 2015 Korea Youth Gambling Problem Survey, including 1,200 out-of-school adolescents. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of gambling activities. The factors related to gambling subgroups were verified with multinomial logistic regression. Results: Three latent classes of gambling activities were identified: rarely gambling (RG), immediate gain gambling (IGG), and broad gambling (BG). These subgroups differed significantly in terms of gender, age at and type of first gambling experience, number and type of gambling activities, gambling frequency, time and money spent on gambling, problem gambling severity, and motivation for gambling. Compared to the RG subgroup, both the IGG and BG subgroups were strongly associated with an older age at the first gambling experience. Conclusion: Out-of-school adolescents who first gambled at an older age and who gambled mainly in order to gain money immediately were at risk of problem gambling. Developing strategies for early screening and referral to professionals is necessary to prevent gambling problems from worsening.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 2022

This study was conducted to examine the resources that influence the choice of drop-out students' reentry to school. A total of five years of panel analysis of 2,553 drop-out teenagers from 2013 to 2017 were utilized. In order to verify the resources that affect the choice of school reentry of teenagers with experiences of suspension of studies to formal middle and high school after July 2012, this study analyzed drop-out teenagers' family resources as well as their psychological, mental, and social-relationship resources. A crossover analysis, t-test, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis were conducted. The major outcomes of this study are as follows: First, the socio-demographic variables among the resources that affected the choice of reentry for school of teenager children were the type of family and number of moves to a new house. Second, the psychological and sentimental variable that affected the choice of school reentry was a decreasing level of positive recognition of the situation of suspension of studies combined with depression, impulsiveness, and perceiving society as one that discriminates based on the level of education. Third, significant family resource variables were the type of family form and parents providing economic support, which is a subfactor of parental attachment. Fourth, the presence of a mentor as a helpful social-relationship resource had a significant effect on relational resources. This study is significant in the sense that the positive family resources that affect the choice of school reentry of drop-out teenage students were determined, and the positive directivity of supportive family resources is presented for parents with teenage children experiencing a suspension of studies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.37-52
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• 2002

This study is preliminary study of the status of school counseling and demands for service at middle and high schools from universities to provide the youth middle and high schools in Changwon with counseling and educational service. The results of this research are below, First, the excessive workload became the most difficulties for operateschool counseling systems and counseling activities. Second, school counseling activities focused mainly on the formal and narrow areas of counseling such as career guidance, personality programs and intelligence test and so on. Third, the most problems which we have counselled, were friendship problems in the personal relationship, school absences in the delinquent, lack of information of sex in the sexual field, conflicts with Parents, in the family relationship, poor academic progresses in the academical and future directional problems and. character of personality difficulties in the psychological field. Fourth, the major offers from the teachers to counsel students in the school were advices, suggestions, career guidance, Preventative activities, and providing information through school counseling. Fifth, though the middle and high schools were in need of outside institutions related to counseling, It was difficult to get help because of being Ignorant of procedures or methods for using counseling and being lacking in enough information on such organizations. Sixth, ordinary students and students in danger of maladjustment besides problem students wanted to get a lot of help. Seventh, the counseling which are the most wanted from out of school was an opposite-sex relationship in the personal relationship, a lack of information on sex in the sexual fields, conflict with parents in the family problems, a strong unwillingness of study in the academical and future directional fields, and personalty difficulties In the psychological fields. Eighth, the subjects wanted to get counseling and educational service in regard to sex, addiction to PC, smoking, and ostracism and so on in counseling and education for young people. Ninth, education designed to have an adequate understanding of children turned out to be mostly needed as educational programs for parents Based on the above results, the proposals from universities for provide youth counseling and educational services are below. 1) setting up the positive publicity strategies E) developing and execution of various counseling and educational programs 3) expanding the counseling and education from maladjusted students to general students 4) expanding youth counseling and education to parental education and family counseling 5) continuous human resources improvement and training 6) reinforcement relationships with middle and high school organizations 7) building cooperation with local counseling organizations

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

Taiwan has plural agricultural education system and has accelerated its social and economic growth through Agricultural Extension Education. This study has been carried out centering around the work plans which analyzed the project of cultivating young farmers supported by the Republic of China Government. Taiwan has promoted administrative and financial support systems with the government as the central figure in order to equip the efficient and continuous development system of agricultural human resources for securing agricultural skilled personnel, developing farmers' organizations and cultivating young farmers that can cope with the open world. The main training programs are for developing farmers' organizations and they are as follows. 1) The Agricultural Production and Marketing Group(APMG) 2) Expert Farming Training Program for Rural Youth 3) Agricultural Extension Service Worker Training Program 4) Rural Youth Development Program 5) School 4-H Club Activities for Student Development Program 6) International Rural Youth Exchange Program Development 7) Agricultural Extension Education Program for Minority People 8) Job Change Training Program for Rural People The training programs are organized for all the rural residents and students to develop their individual careers systematically and continuously, and they are very encouraging in whole development. Also they offer us many suggestions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.315-326
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• 2001

This study is to suggest data for setting school uniform size with the size satisfaction degree through finding out the physical body change and uniform size problems following an increase in age during middle school girl days. For this purpose, by analyzing the physical body size data of 13~15 age of girls among $\ulcorner$human body size data of the youth for product design$\lrcorner$publicized under sponsorship of National Technology Quality Institute in 1999 the physical body size change by part following an increase in age during middle school girl days was found out and the most frequent physical body size by grade was suggested. Questionnaire about uniform production status and product size at the object of uniform makers were measured directly, a school uniform wearing status and size satisfaction degree by part were at the abject of middle school girls were examined by means of questionnaire and unsatisfactory factors in uniform size were found out. Based on collected data the most optimum product size in each part by item were suggested. The method of suggesting the most optimum size suitability by item was decided based on the result of survey into corresponding title and product size by maker and that of survey into the size satisfaction degree of middle school girls by maker, and the product size of maker showing the highest size satisfaction degree was selected as the most optimum product size.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.804-815
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to figure out the influence of social capital in out-of-school youths upon career behavior and to examine the mediating effect of resilience in its relationship. To achieve the research objective, the questionnaire survey was conducted targeting 127 out-of-school youths who dwell in Busan Metropolitan City. In the relationship between social capital and career preparation behavior, the resilience appeared to have a mediating effect. Seeing the outcomes of this study, a positive support seems to be necessary so that out-of-school youths can make good use of the social capital in local community in order to increase the career preparation behavior in out-of-school youths. Furthermore, the psychological and emotional programs must be developed that can enhance resilience in out-of-school youths. A career counseling with the focus on resilience will need to be carried out.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.603-610
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop a Youth Future Career Program for adolescents and to look into the effects of the program on the future efficacy. Through the program, adolescents would predict the future, explore alternative futures to solve future problems, find the shape of the future society they want and desire. In addition, they will discover or create future jobs. In this study, the Youth Future Career Program was developed into four modules: Future Understanding, Future Participation, Future-self, and Future Management. Ninety-three students in K University's Gifted Education Center participated in the Future Career Program (62 males and 31 females, 62 middle school students, and 31 high school students). The students responded to 14 questions about the future efficacy of the Youth before and after the program. Statistically significant differences were observed in 8 out of 14 questions (p<.05). In particular, the abilities of the participants were improved as follows: to apply newly learned things to society, to evaluate the current problems, to develop critical thinking to solve the problem, and to communicate with members of society.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.255-286
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• 2014

This study aimed at developing and validating two standardized measures, 'power controllability', and 'power desirability', which can be utilized to categorize power relationships among the school youth. In order to identify initial items for the measures researchers conducted individual as well as focus group interviews with middle and high school students. School teachers and other school related professionals involved in ensuring both the face validity and the content validity of the initial items. For the finally selected items both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been executed with the sample of 1,822 students attending elementary, middle, and high schools in the metropolitan area of Seoul, Korea. To test the validity of the confirmed factor structure of the measures the new sample of 348 middle school students were employed from the metropolitan area. Both construct validity and reliability were calculated from the validity test sample. Based on the two developed measures 4 types of power relationship were identified among the students. The four types of power relationship turned out to predict well the roles that students take in the field of school violence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.558-567
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• 2018

This study was the first attempt to investigate which factors influence problem gambling among out-of-school adolescents in South Korea. Using data from the 2015 Survey on Youth Gambling Problems, this study examined the influences of personal characteristics and betting games on problem gambling among out-of-school adolescents. Regression analyses of personal characteristics on problem gambling showed that being male adolescents, having more allowance, living without parents/guardians, or belonging to probation was associated with higher likelihood of doing problem gambling among out-of-school adolescents. Also, regression analyses of betting games on problem gambling revealed that doing betting games more frequently, doing betting games more time, or spending more money on betting games was associated with higher likelihood of doing problem gambling among out-of-school adolescents. Based on the findings, this study suggested practice and policy implications for addressing problem gambling among out-of-school adolescents.