• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.43
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• pp.222-245
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyse the realities of fundraising and distribution of the local community chest in Korea. Until now little empirical study has been conducted concerning the culture of giving. Using the sample of 900 citizens selected from 7 cities and another sample of 230 from policy-making group in 16 local community chest, this study analysed empirical1y how the capacity, motivation and opportunity of the prospective donors are related to giving and the current issues of fundraising and distribution. According to the results of analysis, the level of motivation in giving culture is very low. Also it was found that religious beliefs is the most important motivating factor in giving. Participation in volunteer activities is another important factor to influencing giving. Some effective fundraising strategies are suggested including strengthening the motivation of prospective donors, workplace donation and joint-fundraising with religious organization or other foundation, coordinating fundraising activities between the community chest and other social welfare agencies. Program-oriented distribution and change of some distribution standards are stressed as an effective distribution strategy.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are the major catalysts involved in the biotransformation of various drugs, pollutants, carcinogens, and many endogenous compounds. Most of chemical carcinogens are not active by themselves but they require metabolic activation. P450 isozymes playa pivotal role in the metabolic activation. The activation of arylamines and heterocyclic arylamines (HAAs) involves critical N-hydroxylation, usually by P450. CYP1A2 plays an important role in these reactions. Broad exposure to many of these compounds might cause carcinogenicity in animals and humans. On the other hand, P450s can be also involved in the bioactivation of other chemicals including alcohols, aflatoxin B1, acetaminophen, and trichloroethylene, both in humans and in experimental animals. Understanding the P450 metabolic activation of many chemicals is necessary to develop rational strategies for prevention of their toxicities in human health. An important part is the issues of extrapolation between species in predicting risks and variation of P450 enzyme activities in humans.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.218-231
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• 2002

As the environmental regulation worldwide emerges, most notably in Europe and Japan, the elimination of Pb usage in electronic assemblies has been an important issue for microelectronics assembly due to the inherent toxicity of Pb. This has provided an impetus towards the development of Pb-free solders. A major factor affecting alloy selection is the melting point, since this will have a major impact on the other polymeric materials used in microelectronic assembly and encapsulation. Other important manufacturing issues are cost, availability, and wetting characteristics. Reliability related properties include mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, coefficient of thermal expansion and reactivity with substrate. In this article, Pb-free solder alloys have been proposed so far have been reviewed and are summarized.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.159-176
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• 2004

Mark Twain's works are very good texts for students' understanding of American literature and culture deeply and comprehensively, However, professors teaching Mark Twain could be confronted with several problems: how to teach vernacular language in his works; how to deal with the massive volume; how to teach various issues systematically. This article aims to present a way to solve these problems, based on my experiences of teaching Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court in novel classes. One of good methods of discussing the various issues systematically in his works is focusing on his contemporary dominant discourses and his critiques on them. In teaching Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the black discourse is the comtemporary dominant dicourse to concentrate on. I tried to discuss various issues in my classes, mainly relating them to exploring how Twain was contained in his contemporary black discourse and how he resisted it at the same time. The representation of the blacks in the work is a good example to show this. To what extent Huck can have human relationship with Jim is an important question to contest his interaction with his contemporary discourse. In my paper I examine various issues and problems I was faced with in the classes. In teaching A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, the crucial discourses are industrialism and modernity. Here, what must be paid attention to is that although industrialism is a part of modernity, it is convenient to deal it separately from the issue of modernity. Twain was dominated by those discourses, but he criticized them on the other hand. Various issues can be discussed, related with the question how much he was contained in the discourse of modernity and how much he criticized it. Students' understanding of this work and his contemporary dominant discourses can be enhanced by discussing his ambivalence toward modernization, democracy. and the Medieval feudalism.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7321-7326
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• 2014

Background: Sexual health and function frequently are overlooked by healthcare professionals despite being identified as an essential aspect of patient care. Patients with cancer have identified sexuality issues as being of equal importance to other quality-of-life issues. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the views and attitudes of oncology nurses caring for cancer patients regarding sexual counseling. Participants and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the web site of the Turkish Oncology Nurses Association. With the participation of 87 nurses from oncology departments, the study determined that most nurses do not evaluate and counsel patients regarding their sexual problems and many difficulties prevent them from focussing on sexual health. The most important reasons for ignoring sexual counseling were the absence of routine regarding sexual counseling in oncology departments, the belief that the patient may become ashamed and the nurses' self-evaluation that they have insufficient skills and education to counsel in this subject. Conclusions: The most important variables in sexual evaluation and counseling are long years of service in the profession and a postgraduate degree.

• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2011

The first attempt in architectural design theory to consider the perceptual and metaphysical dimension separately with a fully modern scientific manner, which exist in contrast to the Renaissance idea, was Claude Perrault, who emphasized the cognitive factors as an important scientific human issue in building design in 1683 in his book "Ordonnance". Even today many elaborated works to reveal the mysterious design processes based on a set of rational approaches have been introduced since the Design Method movement in 1960's. Their pioneering and challenging efforts to rationalize design process have been mostly rely on the cultural issues whether it takes a qualitative or quantitative stance. On the other hand, however, today's computer generated free form architecture seems not to be aware of those lessons learned from the past and, therefore, this study conducted an extensive research through exploring on morphological building forms with cultural issues to fill up the missing and/or lacking characteristics of today trend in building design.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.19
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• pp.23-61
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• 1990

Libraries and information centers are no different from any other institutions in our society. Today, their managers have to make many more decisions which have certain legal implications than before. The ignorance of the law on their parts can not be an acceptable excuse anymore, since. the consequences sometimes maybe quite serious. This paper outlines some important legal issues involved in the services and management of libraries and information centers. They are: constitutional rights on human knowledge activities: library act and it's related laws; censorship and right to know; information access and the protection of privacy: library services and copyright law; labor relations; protections of the people and properties of the institutions, etc. The laws are not static: rather, they change with the social, political and technological environments. The managers, as well as the staff members of libraries and information centers should be constantly updated with the changes in the field, in order to give the maximum service to the clients and to prevent any infringement of the laws, which may discredit their services and the institutions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.411-427
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• 2010

Data sharing is an essential process for collaborative works particularly in the banking, finance and healthcare industries. These industries require many collaborative works with their internal and external parties such as branches, clients, and service providers. When data are shared among collaborators, security and privacy concerns becoming crucial issues and cannot be avoided. Privacy is an important issue that is frequently discussed during the development of collaborative systems. It is closely related with the security issues because each of them can affect the other. The tradeoff between privacy and security is an interesting topic that we are going to address in this paper. In view of the practical problems in the existing approaches, we propose a collaborative framework which can be used to facilitate concurrent operations, single point failure problem, and overcome constraints for two-party computation. Two secure computation protocols will be discussed to demonstrate our collaborative framework.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2004

Pharmaceuticals require more detailed packaging than do other sensitive products, such as foods, although there are several similarities in their requirements. Because the required action of a medication can be nullified by any deterioration in its active principles the protection required from its packaging is at least an order of magnitude greater than that needed by foods. Therefore, security and integrity of the package are more important and are controlled by licensing arrangements. To achieve levels of safety, reliability, and quality, pharmaceutical firms must identify and correct potential problems with packaging functions. Purpose of this study is to identify the present issues pharmaceutical packaging and to forecast their future for the development of pharmaceutical packaging.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.40-47
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify design evaluation items for assisted living facilities for the elderly. To achieve this purpose, the 23 design issues in assisted living facilities were examined through literature analysis. Then, the field studies were carried out by using these items and by asking open questions, or any other suggestions for unexpected, but important design issues in their facilities. The field studies were conducted through interviews with several residents and surveys with staff in six selected assisted living facilities in Cincinnati, Ohio. Finally, the 23 design evaluation items for assisted living facilities were identified. These items can be used as evaluation criteria or design guidelines for assisted living facilities.