• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2019

Objectives: Dental implants shorter than 8 mm, called short dental implants (SDIs), have been considered to have a lower success rate than standard length implants. But recent studies have shown that SDIs have a comparable success rate, and implant diameter was more important for implant survival than implant length. Also, SDIs have many advantages, such as no need for sinus lifting or vertical bone grafting, which may limit use in medically compromised patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, 33 patients with 47 implants 7-mm long were examined over the last four years. All patients had special medical history and were categorized into 3 groups: systemic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (controlled or uncontrolled), mental disability, and uncontrolled hypertension; oral cancer ablation with reconstruction, with or without radiotherapy; diverse osteomyelitis, such as osteoradionecrosis and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Most of these patients have insufficient residual bone quality due to mandible atrophy or sinus pneumatization. Results: The implant diameters were 4.0 (n=38), 4.5 (n=8), and 5.0 mm (n=1). Among the 47 implants placed, 2 implants failed before the last followup. The survival rate of 7-mm SDIs was 95.74% from stage I surgery to the last follow-up. Survival rates did not differ according to implant diameter. The mean marginal bone loss (MBL) at 3 months, 1 and 2 years was significantly higher than at implant installation, and the MBL at 1 year was also significantly higher than at 3 months. MBL at 1 and 2 years did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the results indicate that SDIs provide a reliable treatment, especially for medically compromised patients, to avoid sinus lifting or vertical bone grafting. Further, long-term follow-up is needed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.153-170
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• 1989

Recently, frequently using hyperbaric oxygen therapy is known for its effectiveness on the healing of problem wounds such as osteomyelitis, osteoradionecrosis and gas gangrenous wound etc. The main objectives of this study was to determine the best protocol of its application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Author used 238 rats (Sprague-Dawley strain) deviding into 2 Groups, experimental I group for skin and experimental II group for palatal mucosal ischemic wounds, and observed its effects by microscopically. The obtained results summarized as follows; 1. Severe infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in initial stages of both control and experimental I group. The infiltration showed decreasing tendency at 5th day of experimental D, E, F group while at 8th day in control group In d, f of experimental II group showed decreasing tendency at 8th experimental day while at 12th day in control group. 2. Macrophages appeared at 2nd day in D of experimental I group while at 6th day in control group. In d, f of experimental II group appeared at 6th day while at 10th day in control group. 3. As to the proliferation of capillary blood vessels showed at 3-4 day in most of experimental I group severely while at 8th day in control group. In experimental II group, it was at 8th day and 12th day respectively. 4. The proliferation of fibroblasts showed rather rapider in experimental I group, at 4-6th day, while at 8th day in control group. In experimental II group, it was at 8th day and 12th day respectively. 5. As to the collagen formations, it was at 4th day in experimental I group while at 8th day in control group. In experimental II group, it was at 6th day and 10th day respectively. 6. 5 rats (2.0 %) in E group and 8 rats (3.4 %) in f group showed oxygen toxic reaction, such as unstable attitude and tremor, during the experiments. This hyperbaric oxygen animal experiments disclosed excellent effects on the ischemic wound healing and it is thought to be the best protocol of its application was on D group (2.5 ATM. and 2 hrs, exposure).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

Objectives: Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of peripheral vessel disease and intermittent lameness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PTX and tocopherol in patients diagnosed with osteoradionecrosis (ORN), bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), and chronic osteomyelitis using digital panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in 25 patients who were prescribed PTX and tocopherol for treatment of ORN, BRONJ, and chronic osteomyelitis between January 2014 and May 2018 in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Radiographic densities of the dental panorama were compared prior to starting PTX and tocopherol, at 3 months, and at 6 months after prescription. Radiographic densities were measured using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe System Inc., USA). Blood sample tests showing the degree of inflammation at the initial visit were considered the baseline and compared with results after 3 to 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and repeated measurement ANOVA using IBM SPSS 23.0 (IBM Corp., USA). Results: Eight patients were diagnosed with ORN, nine patients with BRONJ, and the other 8 patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Ten of the 25 patients were men, average age was 66.32±14.39 years, and average duration of medication was 151.8±80.65 days (range, 56-315 days). Statistically significant increases were observed in the changes between 3 and 6 months after prescription (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between ORN, BRONJ, and chronic osteomyelitis. Only erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was statistically significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05) among the white blood cell (WBC), ESR, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Conclusion: Long-term use of PTX and tocopherol can be an auxiliary method in the treatment of ORN, BRONJ, or chronic osteomyelitis in jaw.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.6.1-6.10
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• 2019

Background: Osteomyelitis is an intraosseous inflammatory disease characterized by progressive inflammatory osteoclasia and ossification. The use of quantitative analysis to assist interpretation of osteomyelitis is increasingly being considered. The objective of this study was to perform early diagnosis of osteomyelitis on digital panoramic radiographs using basic functions provided by picture archiving and communication system (PACS), a program used to show radiographic images. Methods: This study targeted a total of 95 patients whose symptoms were confirmed as osteomyelitis under clinical, radiologic, pathological diagnosis over 11 years from 2008 to 2017. Five categorized patients were osteoradionecrosis, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaw (BRONJ, suppurative and sclerosing type), and bacterial osteomyelitis (suppurative and sclerosing type), and the control group was 117 randomly sampled. The photographic density in a certain area of the digital panoramic radiograph was determined and compared using the "measure area rectangle," one of the basic PACS functions in INFINITT PACS^® (INFINITT Healthcare, Seoul, South Korea). A conditional inference tree, one type of decision making tree, was generated with the program R for statistical analysis with SPSS^®. Results: In the conditional inference tree generated from the obtained data, cases where the difference in average value exceeded 54.49 and the difference in minimum value was less than 54.49 and greater than 12.81 and the difference in minimum value exceeded 39 were considered suspicious of osteomyelitis. From these results, the disease could be correctly classified with a probability of 88.1%. There was no difference in photographic density value of BRONJ and bacterial osteomyelitis; therefore, it was not possible to classify BRONJ and bacterial osteomyelitis by quantitative analysis of panoramic radiographs based on existing research. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that it is feasible to measure photographic density using a basic function in PACS and apply the data to assist in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.478-482
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• 2011

Purpose: Free flap reconstruction is performed on defects including benign and malignant tumors as well as trauma in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, but there are few reports of free flap reconstruction cases for oral cancer in patients in Korea. Methods: This study was designed to retrospectively analyze surgical outcomes and complications of 164 free-flap reconstructions performed at the Oral Oncology Clinic, National Cancer Center, during 2002~2011. A total of 164 free flaps were performed for reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial defects which were caused by oral cancer and osteoradionecrosis in 155 patients. Results: The present study had 162 successful cases and 2 failed cases for a total of 164 cases. The study had a success rate of 98.8% for free-flap reconstructions. Flap donor sites included radial forearm free flap (n=93), fibula osteocutaneous free flap (n=25), anterolateral thigh flap (n=18), latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap (n=16) and other locations (n=12). Postoperative medical complications were generally pneumonia and delirium. Postoperative local complications occurred including partial flap necrosis, delayed wound healing of the donor site, infection of the recipient site and salivary fistula. The incidence of postoperative complications and patient-related characteristics including age, sex, smoking, history of radiotherapy, hypertension (HTN) and diabetes Mellitus (DM) were retrospectively analyzed. Patient age ($P$=0.003) and DM ($P$=0.000) and HTN ($P$=0.021) were significant risk factors for complications overall. Conclusion: The present study had no mortality and confirms that free-flap reconstructions are extremely reliable in achieving successful results.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1997

목적 : 근원 불명 전이성 경부암으로 방사선 단독치료, 수술 후 방사선치료, 또는 유도 화학요법 및 방사선치료를 받은 환자들을 대상으로 생존율, 국소 제어율, 치료 실패양상 및 생존율에 미치는 요인 등을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1986년 1월부터 1994년 9월까지 근원 불명 전이성 경부암으로 방사선치료를 받은 35례의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다 환자의 연령은 41세에서 74세로 중간값은 58세였으며, 남자 26예, 여자 9예였다. 병기별 분포는 Nl 1예, N2 27예, N3 7예로 대부분이 N2에 속했다. 쇄골상부 임파절에만 전이가 있었던 환자는 7예였다. 조직학적으로는 편평 상피암 22예, 미분화 세포암 6예, 선암 4예였고, 나머지 3예에서는 조직학적 분류를 할 수 없었다 치료방법은, 방사선 단독치료 7예, 유도 화학요법 및 방사선치료 10예, 수술 후 방사선치료 18예였다. 방사선치료는 대부분의 경우에서 경부 임파절과 비인두, 구인두 하인두 부위를 포함하여 시행하였으며, 방사선 치료선량은 40-95.6Gy로 중간값이 600y였다. 유도 화학요법은 5-fluorouracll과 cisplatln으로 2회 시행하였다. 수술 방법은 17예에서 경부곽청수술, 1예에서는 단순 절제술을 시행하였다. 대상 환자의 추적기간은 2개원에서 95개월로 중간값은 15개월이었다. 결과 : 전체 환자의 4년 생존율은 $33.4\%$였고 중간 생존기간은 22개월이었으며 4년 무병생존율은 $33.9\%$였다. 조직학적 유형(선암 대 비선암, p=0.0005), N 병기(p=0.023), 침범된 임파절의 위치(p=0.021)가 생존율에 영향을 미치는 유의한 인자였다. 방사선 단독치료군에서 2년생존율이 $14.3\%$, 유도 화학요법 및 방사선치료군에서 $35.8\%$, 수술후 방사선치료군에서 $37.5\%$로 치료방법에 따른 의미있는 차이를 보였으나(p=0.05) 이는 N 병기의 분포 차이에 의한 것으로 사료되었다. 완전관해를 보인 29예 중 추적조사가 가능했던 25예에서의 치료 실패양상은 국소재발 7예, 원격전이 6예, 국소재발과 원격전이가 같이 있었던 경우가 1예로써 원격전이는 $28\%(7/25)$에서 관찰되었다. 추적기간 중 3예(3/35, $8.6\%$)에서 원발병소가 발견되었으며 원발 병소는 구강 1예, 비인두 1예, 하인두 1예였다. 결론 : N 병기, 침범된 임파절의 위치, 조직학적 유형이 생존율에 영향을 미치는 인자였다. N2 이상인 경우는 원격전이로 인하여 수술 눈 방사선 치료의 병합요법으로도 예후가 불량하므로 적극적인 화학요법이 필요하다고 사료되었다.