• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2004

Granular cell tumor is characterized by large eosinophilic cells with granular appearances. These are mostly benign. Approximately $1\sim2%$ are malignant, and establishment of reliable criteria for diagnosing malignant granular cell tumor has been difficult to establish because oi the rarify. Reports on the cytologic features of this neoplasm are hardly found in Korea. We report a case of rarely-occurring granular cell tumor in the lower leg of a 40-year-old male, diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology, together with a review of the literature regarding significant adverse histology and prognostic factors. The aspirates revealed cellular smears of isolated cells, syncytial clusters, and occasionally stripped nuclei in a nine, bluish-purple, granular background. Tumor cells were polygonal, rounded, or slightly spindled, and showed ill-defined granular cytoplasm. Nuclei were small and round or oval, with inconspicuous or small, prominent nucleoli. The nuclei showed rare intranuclear cytoplasmic invagination. Occasionally, there were mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphisms with vesicular nuclei, with large, prominent nucleoi, but no mitosis. The immunocytochemical stain for S-100 was strongly positive in the cytoplasm of tumor cells with occasional nuclei.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2008

Many recent studies suggest that the posterior dynamic stabilization(PDS) can be a more physiologically-relevant alternative to the rigid fixation for the patients suffering from low back pain. However, its biomechanical effects or clinically proven efficacies still remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated kinematic behaviors of the lower lumbar spine with the PDS system and then compared to those of the rigid fixation system using finite element (FE) analysis. A validated FE model of intact lumbar spine(L2-L5) was developed. The implanted model was then constructed after modification from the intact to simulate two kinds of pedicle screw systems (PDS and the rigid fixation). Hybrid protocol was used to flex, extend, laterally bend and axially rotate the FE model. Results showed that the PDS systems are more flexible than rigid fixation systems, yet not flexible enough to preserve motion. PDS system allowed $16.2{\sim}42.2%$ more intersegmental rotation than the rigid fixation at the implanted level. One the other hand, at the adjacent level it allowed more range of motion ($2.0%{\sim}8.3%$) than the rigid fixation. The center of rotation of the PDS model remained closer to that of the intact spine. These results suggest that the PDS system could be able to prevent excessive motion at the adjacent levels and restore the spinal kinematics.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.118-122
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• 2012

Taking history and ultrasonography is important to detect foreign body which might be located in the soft tissue. We encountered a case of soft tissue foreign body (transobturator tape) in a patient who had been treated with the impression of adductor myositis resulting from vagina fistula. The foreign body was found through ultrasonographic examination and the patient's symptom was relieved after removal of the foreign body from the ultrasonography-guided operation. Clinicians should keep in mind the fact that foreign bodies may exist when the inflammation persists without appreciable cause and ultrasonography can be useful tool in case of small fibrous band not detected with magnetic resonance imaging due to inflammatory change of the surrounding tissues.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2012

Septic arthritis of the elbow is a rare, but serious disorder in neonates. However, neonates often present with few systemic signs other than irritability or poor feeding. When the clinical findings are minimal or absent, joint aspiration gives us helpful information in making a diagnosis. Although many clinicians rely on its result, we experienced a case of early clotted joint effusion, which resulted negative joint aspiration in a neonate with septic elbow arthritis. Ultrasonography helped us to make an early decision to perform surgical intervention as showing different echogenicity of intracapsular portion from generally presented in septic effusion. Presenting case shows that ultrasonography can be an excellent second step examination of neonatal elbow presenting atypical clinical findings of septic arthritis.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.94-98
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• 2012

Calcific tendinitis is characterized by inflammation around calcium hydroxyapatite crystal deposits. Minimally invasive extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been postulated to be an effective treatment option for treating calcific tendinitis. In clinical practice, shock waves usually are aimed at the painful area after palpation and not focused. It has been known that exact fluoroscopic focusing of ESWT at the calcific deposit for treatment of calcifying tendinopathy is highly effective. Ultrasound is a simple, inexpensive and radiation-free diagnostic tool that has been used to demonstrate tendinopathy including calcific tendinitis. However, focusing of shock wave under ultrasound is less well established. We present a patient in whom large calcific tendinitis of gluteus medius was completely resolved by exact focusing of ESWT by ultrasound with literature review.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2015

There are many traumatic foot and ankle problems in orthopaedic fields. Though it is not life-threatening problems, a delay in accurate diagnosis and treatments can danger limb function and therefore correct diagnosis can prevent long-term complications. Achilles tendon rupture is relatively common injury for active sports people. Ultrasonography is cost-effective, irradiation -free, effective for evaluation of soft tissues and dynamic analysis. It has been growing importance in Achilles tendon rupture. Ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool in Achilles tendon rupture. Physical examination and patient history is needed to diagnose Achilles tendon without image, but it is missed up by 20% in private clinic. Discontinuity of normal fibrillar architecture seen on an ultrasonographic image is diagnostic for Achilles tendon rupture, and can be accentuated by the performance of dorsi-flexion and plantar flexion, while observing in real time. And ultrasonography is a reliable method for serial observation after surgical treatment or conservative treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2015

Diagnosis of the long head tendon of biceps is not easy. and an ultrasonography is helpful at the office. We report a case who visited with the right shoulder pain and was diagnosed as a mass around the bicipital groove using the ultrasonography, finally undertook an arthroscopic resection. On the histologic examination, synovial lining cell were not found, the wall was thickened. He diagnosed as ganglion.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2014

Acromioclavicular (AC) joint cyst is an uncommon presentation around the shoulder joint that is usually associated with chronic rotator cuff pathology and degenerative AC joint arthritis. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology of the shoulder joint is essential for appropriate interpretation of the AC joint cyst, assistance in determining the therapeutic strategy, and prevention of complications after treatment. We present a case of AC joint cyst with an aseptic fistula which was complicated by simple excision for recurred AC joint cyst after multiple aspirations. This case revealed a massive rotator cuff tear involving supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis tendon on ultrasonography. We also reviewed the clinical approach and treatment options to be considered for its pathogenesis in the literature.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 2008

Snapping triceps syndrome is a rare condition in which a distal portion of triceps and ulnar nerve dislocate over the medial epicondyle as the elbow is flexed or extended from flexed position. Because it is frequently misdiagnosed as other elbow pathologies, accurate diagnosis is essential and imaging study is often needed to confirm the abnormal movement of ulnar nerve and triceps. Ultraonography is a convenient and effective method which is able to allow continual visualization of soft tissue movement compared to the other imaging modality including MRI. We reported one patient of snapping triceps syndrome who was diagnosed with the use of dynamic ultrasonography and treated with ulna nerve anterior transposition and repositioning of medial head of triceps. And we also provide the usefulness of musculoskeletal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of snapping triceps syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2008

After the introduction of ultrasound enabling a detailed view of both neonatal hip instability and morphology, two different streams have developed: one arguing that neonatal hip instability is the major pathology warranting treatment, the other including acetabular dysplasia as an important feature. Graf's method including the acetabular dysplasia led to higher treatment and follow-up rate than that based upon neonatal hip instability only. Recent report suggested that improved examination techniques and a better understanding of the findings have enabled a more tailored approach, and no differences in treatment rates exist due to different ultrasound techniques. I'd like to emphasize that enough experiences and the understanding enabling standardized examination and high repeatbility is more important than the choice of different techniques. Here the mothods and meanings of different techniques of ultrasound and its usefulness in the diagnosis and treatment of DDH is discussed.