• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify men fungus which produces conjugated linoleic acid. IS-13 fungus hydrogenated conjugated linoleic acid and trans-11 vaccenic acid within 12 hr after addition of linoleic acid. The homology of IS-13 rumen fungus was compared with internal transcribed spacer 1 region (ITS1)sequences of twenty three men fungi. The length of ITS1 region of IS-13 isolate was 218 bp. IS-13 isolate has the most similar sequence (98% matched) with Orpinomyces species according to maximum-likehood and distance matrix results. The result supported that IS-13 isolate belonged to Orpinomyces genus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1694-1698
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to identify biohydrogenation pathways for linoleic, linolenic, oleic and stearic acids by Orpinomyces species of rumen fungus during in vitro culture. Biohydrogenation of linoleic acid produced conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2), which was then converted to vaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1) as the end product of biohydrogenation. Biohydrogenation of linolenic acid produced cis-9, trans-11, cis-15 C18:3 and trans-11, cis-15 C18:2 as intermediates and vaccenic acid as the end product of biohydrogenation. Oleic acid and stearic acid were not converted to any other fatty acid. It is concluded that pathways for biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids by Orpinomyces are the same as those for group A rumen bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.797-802
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• 2001

Two strains of rumen fungi (Piromyces rhizinflata B157, Orpinomyces joyonii SG4) and three strains of rumen cellulolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus albus B199, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD1 and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85) were used as mono-cultures or combinationally arranged as co- and sequential-cultures to assess the relative contributions and interactions between rumen fungi and cellulolytic bacteria on rice straw degradation. The rates of dry matter degradation of co-cultures were similar to those of corresponding bacterial mono-cultures. Compared to corresponding sequential-cultures, the degradation of rice straw was reduced in all co-cultures (P<0.01). Regardless of the microbial species, the cellulolytic bacteria seemed to inhibit the degradation of rice straw by rumen fungi. The high efficiency of fungal cellulolysis seems to affect bacterial degradation rates.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.466-472
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• 2017

This study was designed to examine the diversity census of fungi in rumen microbiome via meta-analysis of fungal 28S rDNA sequences. Both terms, "rumen" and "ruminal," were searched to retrieve the sequences of rumen fungi. As of September 2016, these sequences (n=165) of ruminal origin were retrieved from the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP; http://rdp.cme.msu.edu), an archive of all 28S rDNA sequences and were assigned to the phyla Ascomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, and Basidiomycota, which accounted for 109, 48, and 8 of the 165 sequences, respectively. Ascomycota sequences were assigned to the genera Pseudonectria, Magnaporthe, Alternaria, Cochliobolus, Cladosporium, and Davidiella, including fungal plant pathogens or mycotoxigenic species. Moreover, Basidiomycota sequences were assigned to the genera Thanatephorus and Cryptococcus, including fungal plant pathogens. Furthermore, Neocallimastigomycota sequences were assigned to the genera Cyllamyces, Neocallimastix, Anaeromyces, Caecomyces, Orpinomyces, and Piromyces, which may degrade the major structural carbohydrates of the ingested plant material. This study provided a collective view of the rumen fungal diversity using a meta-analysis of 28S rDNA sequences. The present results will provide a direction for further studies on ruminal fungi and be applicable to the development of new analytic tools.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.104-115
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• 2003

A series of experiments was carried out to determine the possibility for the non-ionic surfactant (NIS) as a feed additive for ruminant animals. The effect of the NIS on (1) the enzyme distribution in the rumen fluids of Hereford bulls, (2) the growth of pure culture of rumen bacteria and (3) rumen anaerobic fungi, (4) the ruminal fermentation characteristics of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo), and (5) the performances of Holstein dairy cows were investigated. When NIS was added to rumen fluid at the level of 0.05 and 0.1% (v/v), the total and specific activities of cell-free enzymes were significantly (p<0.01) increased, but those of cell-bound enzymes were slightly decreased, but not statistically significant. The growth rates of ruminal noncellulolytic species (Ruminobacter amylophilus, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella ruminicola and Selenomonas ruminantium) were significantly (p<0.01) increased by the addition of NIS at both concentrations tested. However, the growth rate of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) were slightly increased or not affected by the NIS. In general, NIS appears to effect Gram-negative bacteria more than Gram-positive bacteria; and non-cellulolytic bacteria more than cellulolytic bacteria. The growth rates of ruminal monocentric fungi (Neocallimastix patriciarum and Piromyces communis) and polycentric fungi (Orpinomyces joyonii and Anaeromyces mucronatus) were also significantly (p<0.01) increased by the addition of NIS at all concentrations tested. When NIS was administrated to the rumen of Hanwoo, Total VFA and ammonia-N concentrations, the microbial cell growth rate, CMCase and xylanase activities in the rumen increased with statistical difference (p<0.01), but NIS administration did not affect at the time of 0 and 9 h post-feeding. Addition of NIS to TMR resulted in increased TMR intake and increased milk production by Holstein cows and decreased body condition scores. The NEFA and corticoid concentrations in the blood were lowered by the addition of NIS. These results indicated that the addition of NIS may greatly stimulate the release of some kinds of enzymes from microbial cells, and stimulate the growth rates of a range of anaerobic ruminal microorganisms, and also stimulate the rumen fermentation characteristics and animal performances. Our data indicates potential uses of the NIS as a feed additive for ruminant animals.