• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-73
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• 2004

This paper proposes an efficient authentication scheme for multicast packet using recovery layer to provide source authentication. The problems of the existing schemes are as follows ： TESLA requires time synchronization between the sender and the receiver, md hash-based schemes have high communication overheads due to additional hash values and require many buffers and delay for verification on receivers. Our main focus is reducing the buffer size, communication and computation burden of the receiver. The proposed scheme in this paper is highly robust to packet loss using the recovery layer based on XOR operation. It also provides low communication overhead, low verification cost, non-repudiation of the origin, immediate verification and robustness against DoS attack on the receiver.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.19C no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

Sharing cross-site resources has been adopted by many recent websites in the forms of service-mashup and social network services. In this change, exploitation of the new vulnerabilities increases, which includes inserting malicious codes into the interaction points between clients and services instead of attacking the websites directly. In this paper, we present a system model to identify malicious script codes in the web contents by means of a remote verification while the web contents downloaded from multiple trusted origins are executed in a client's browser space. Our system classifies verification items according to the origin of request based on the information on the service code implementation and stores the verification results into three databases composed of white, gray, and black lists. Through the experimental evaluations, we have confirmed that our system provides clients with increased security by effectively detecting malicious scripts in the mashup web environment.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.387-408
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• 2012

This paper have examined the descriptive and legal approaches to the comparison and analysis of major content of direct transport in FTA rules of origin and the primary judicial precedents that arose during the executing process of FTAs. Preferential tariff treatment shall be applied to a good satisfying the requirement of this agreement(annex, article etc.,) and which is transported directly between the territories of the exporting party and importing party. However, products may be transported through territories of non-parties, provided that they do not undergo operations other than unloading, reloading, splitting-up of consignments or any operation designed to preserve them in good condition. During this period the products shall remain under customs control in the country of transit. The low perception of firms on the rules of origin was found to lead to breaking the rule and thus taking up losses. The FTA major countries enacted penalty rules against the violation of the rules of origin and bring civil and criminal suits and administrative sanctions. The types and level of penalties are subject to their domestic laws of each of those nations. With better recognition of major content of direct transport in FTA rules of origin and well-prepared countermeasures, firms will be able to enhance competitive advantage while benefiting from preferential tariffs.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.69-97
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• 2017

This study purpose to examine the importer's risks that may arise from origin investigation by Customs authorities. We have drawn the important factors affecting the application of FTA preferential tariffs and divided the stages from the conclusion of the contract for the importer to the undergoing origin investigation. In addition, we demonstrate empirically that the risks that arise in areas where importers are difficult to control exist. As a management method of the uncontrollable risk from the importer, we have provided the methods that the seller stipulated the seller's responsibility in the trade contract, prepared for situations in which no one was responsible, and formulated a friendly and cooperative supply chain. Even if the seller's liability is clarified in the contract for sale, the risk of the investigation into the origin of the imported goods is not completely eliminated. This is because, under the current agreement and system, there is no way for the customs authority of the contracting party of the FTA to claim compensation for damages incurred by importers due to breach of agreement such as not returning the result of the origin verification. Importers are subject to customs duties, but there may actually be situations in which no one is responsible for them.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed SNPs that appear between Korean and Chinese Scapharca subcrenata using the nucleotide sequence data of S. subcrenata analyzed by genotyping by sequencing (GBS). To distinguish the country of origin for S. subcrenata in Korean and Chinese, we developed a primer set as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis and validated by sequencing SNPs. A total of 180 samples of S. subcrenata were analyzed by genotyping by sequencing, and 15 candidate SNPs were selected. SNP marker selection for country of origin were identified through real-time qPCR. Insertion 1 and SNP 21 markers showed the most distinct separation between the sequence types as well as the country of origin through qPCR, with the observed amplification patterns matching the expected outcomes.. Additionally, in a blind test conducted by mixing samples of S. subcrenata at random, Insertion 1 showed 74% accuracy, 52% sensitivity, and 96% specificity, and SNP 21 showed 86% accuracy, 79% sensitivity, and 93% specificity. Therefore, the two SNP markers developed are expected to be useful in verifying the authenticity of the country of origin of S. subcrenata when used independently or in combination.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2020

Deep Learning has become the most important technology in the field of artificial intelligence machine learning, with its high performance overwhelming existing methods in various applications. In this paper, an interactive window service based on object recognition technology is proposed. The main goal is to implement an object recognition technology using this deep learning technology to remove the existing eye tracking technology, which requires users to wear eye tracking devices themselves, and to implement an eye tracking technology that uses only usual cameras to track users' eye. We design an interactive system based on efficient eye detection and pupil tracking method that can verify the user's eye movement. To estimate the view-direction of user's eye, we initialize to make the reference (origin) coordinate. Then the view direction is estimated from the extracted eye pupils from the origin coordinate. Also, we propose a blink detection technique based on the eye apply ratio (EAR). With the extracted view direction and eye action, we provide some augmented information of interest without the existing complex and expensive eye-tracking systems with various service topics and situations. For verification, the user guiding service is implemented as a proto-type model with the school map to inform the location information of the desired location or building.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.253-269
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• 2019

This study examines the utilization effect of FTA on the sales and profit of the secondary auto-part suppliers in two aspects: 1) firm-level survey on the utilization of FTA and 2) statistical inference on the FTA effects on their sales and profit. We use the GLS statistical technique, panel and survey data of 130 secondary auto-part suppliers in the Daegu and Kyungpook area in 2007-2016. The evidence shows that the secondary auto-part suppliers struggle to prepare documents for the FTA certificates of origin due to their small firm size, although they utilize the FTA at the relatively high rate of 92 percent. Statistical evidence shows that an increase in the export of the first vender significantly affects the sale of the secondary auto-part vendors, but not their profit. The low profit and high managing cost of utilizing the FTA deteriorate the utilization effect of the FTA of the secondary auto-part vendors, which is a key factor in a global supply chain and for the competitiveness of the automobile industry. Government policies are required for the secondary auto-part suppliers to utilize the FTA more effectively and share the benefits of tariff reduction with first auto-part vendors under FTA transaction.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.6C
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• pp.659-667
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• 2003

IPsec refers to a standardized set of security protocols and algorithms which can provide the integrity, the authentication and the confidentiality services for IP packets in the Internet. Between two security gateways, IPsec provides the access control, the connectionless Integrity, data origin authentication, the anti-replay, and the confidentiality services, not only to the IP layer but also to the upper layers. In this paper, we describe a VPN (Virtual Private Network) testbed configuration using the FreeS/WAN and analyze the ISAKMP messages exchanged between the linux security gateway during the IKE SA setup. Also, we describe our development of an IPSEC encryption verification tool which can be used conveniently by VPN administrators.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

We used flowcytometry to ploidy verification after that investigate difference between diploid and spontaneous triploid through the truss dimension and classical dimension at crucian carp, Carassius auratus, crucian carp C. cuvieri and common carp, Cyprinus carpio collected from Hangang river, Hantangang river, Imjingang river, Geumgang river, Yeongsangang river and Nakdonggang river, Korea. There were significant differences among the three species for the truss dimensions anterior origin of dorsal fin $(2){\times}$ anterior origin of anal fin (5), $2{\times}$ anterior origin of pelvic fin (6), $2{\times}$ origin of pectoral fin (7), posterior origin of dorsal fin $(3){\times}5$, $3{\times}6$, and $3{\times}7$ (P<0.05). There were no significant differences among the three species in the truss dimensions dorsal fin length ($2{\times}9$) and eye diameter (ED)(P>0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the several classical dimensions of each species (P>0.05). Three classical dimensions, most anterior extension of the head $(1){\times}2$, $1{\times}6$ and $2{\times}$ most posterior scale in lateral line (4) did not differ between the C. auratus diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). Two classical dimensions, $1{\times}6$ and longest length between most anterior extension of the head and gill cover ($1{\times}8$) did not differ between the C. cuvieri diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). One classical dimensions, $1{\times}2$ did not differ between the common carp diploid and spontaneous triploid (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the each diploid and triploid species (P<0.05). These results suggest that the classification of each species and classification between diploid and spontaneous triploid morphometrical parameters used in this study are useful indices of morphometrical status in the each species from major river of Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.148-160
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• 1999

In order to strengthen objectivity and availability of oriental herb medicine, the standard formula for herbs has been attempted to set up by documentary testing original herbs which were recorded in authorized document. The object herb medicines are CARYOPHYLLI FLOS. After this study, additional experimental verification is required as a matter of fact. As comparison materials, this thesis will be utilized. Specially the internal and external morphological standard in this study is expected to supply the search for several physiochemical reaction, biological reaction, determination of indicator material and identification of gene with basic sources in the future.