• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.860-864
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• 2002

In this study the composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oils obtained from Origanum onites, Mentha piperita, Juniperus exalsa, Chrysanthemum indicum, Lavandula hybrida, Rosa damascena, Echinophora tenuifolia, Foeniculum vulgare were examined. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activities of these eight aromatic extracts; their in vitro antimicrobial activities were determined by disk diffusion testing, according to the NCCLS criteria. Escherichia coli (ATTC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC 27853 were used as standard test bacterial strains. Origanum onites recorded antimicrobial activity against all test bacteria, and was strongest against Staphylococcus aureus. For Rosa damascena, Mentha piperita and Lavandula hybrida antimicrobial activity was recorded only to Staphylococcus aureus. Juniperus exalsa, and Chrysanthemum indicum exhibited antibacterial activities against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. We also examined the in vitro artimicrobial activities of some components of the essential oils and found some components with antimicrobial activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

The variety of functional plants has an attention for new natural food preservation and natural antiseptic development. The extracts from functional plants with various methods (ethanol extraction, hot water extraction and supercritical fluid extraction) tested antimicrobial activity against 10 strains including the pathogenic and food poisoning bacteria, the yeast and fungi. The antimicrobial activities of supercritical fluid extracts were shown higher than ethanol extract and hot water extract when tested with disc-diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Antimicrobial activity of supercritical fluid extract was two times higher than ethanol extract in Cinnaonomum cassia. In addition, the supercritical fluid extractions of Chamaecyparis obtuas and the C. cassia showed the higher yield than Origanum vulgare and Scutellariae baicalensis. The supercritical fluid extract of C. cassia showed an antimicrobial activity against all strains tested. The supercritical fluid extract of S. baicalensis showed strong antimicrobial activity on Listeria monocytogenes. Supercritical fluid extraction of O. vulgare and C. obtuas showed strong antimicrobial activity on Salmonella typhimuriium. In MIC test, C. obtuas was shown the best natural material for the preparation of natural antimicrobial agent by supercritical fluid extraction. In conclusion, these results suggest that supercritical fluid extraction technique was effective to obtain functional ingredient with higher antimicrobial activity in the development of new antimicrobial reagent from natural materials.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2019

The Origanum vulgare L.-mediated synthesis of Ag nanoparticles was successfully realized within the present study. Various concentrations of the $AgNO_3$ used as a silver precursor (1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 100 mM) were used. Very rapid formation of Ag nanoparticles was observed, as only minutes were necessary for the completion of the reaction. With the increasing concentration, red shift of the surface plasmon resonance peak was observed in the Vis spectra. According to photon cross-correlation spectroscopy results, the finest grain size distribution was obtained for the 2.5 mM sample. The transmission electron microscopy analysis of this sample has shown bimodal size distribution with larger crystallites with 100 nm size and smaller around 10 nm. The antibacterial activity was also the best for this sample so the positive correlation between good grain size distribution and antibacterial activity was found. The in-depth discussion of antibacterial activity with related works from the materials science point of view is provided, namely emphasizing the role of effective nanoparticles distribution within the plant extract or matrix. The antibacterial activity seems to be governed by both content of Ag nanoparticles and their effective distribution. This work contributes to still expanding environmentally acceptable field of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2007

A total of 39 essential oils were tested for antifungal activities as volatile compounds against five phytopathogenic fungi at a dose of 1 ${\mu}l$ per plate. Five essential oils showed inhibitory activities against mycelial growth of at least one phytopathogenic fungus. Origanum vulgare essential oil inhibited mycelial growth of all of the five fungi tested. Both Cuminum cyminum and Eucalyptus citriodora oils displayed in vitro antifungal activities against four phytopathogenic fungi except for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The essential oil of Thymus vulgaris suppressed the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani and that of Cymbopogon citratus was active to only F. oxysporum. The chemical compositions of the five active essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study suggests that both E. citriodora and C. cyminum oils have a potential as antifungal preservatives for the control of storage diseases of various crops.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate a adequate strength of nuttient solution in production of marjoram and oregano by hydroponicsl Two herbs were grown for 40days with the strength of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 dS${\cdot}m^{-1}$ in herb's nutrient solution developed by European Vegetable R & D Center, Belgium. the growth, vitamin C, and essential oil content of marjormam were higher in the treatment of 0.5 dS${\cdot}m^{-1}$ than the other treatments tested. But marjoram growtn with the sstrength of 20. and 3.0 dS${\cdot}m^{-1}$ had the highest mineral contents and essential oil content, respectively. Elevated strength of nutirent solution decreased chlorophyll content. In oregano, the growth was vest in the stength of 0.5, but withered in the strength of 3.0 The chlorophyll content was the lowest in the strength of 0.2dS${\cdot}m^{-1}$, while vitamin C contents had no statistical differences among treatments, Oregano grown with 1.0 dS${\cdot}m^{-1}$had the highest mineral and essential oil content, but the oil yield washighest in the treatment of 0.5 dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$. In conclusion, the strength of 0.5 dS${\cdot}m^{-1}$ herb's nutrient solution was adequated in production of marjorma and oregano in hydroponicc system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.240-244
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate a proper $Ca^{2+}\;:\;K^+$ ratio in nutrient solution to produce marjoram and oregano by hydroponics. Two herbs were grown for 40 days with the $Ca^{2+}\;:\;K^+$ ratio of 3.5;13, 4.5:11(standard herb's nutrient solution), 5.5:9 and 6.5:7mM${\cdot}L^{-1}$ of herb's nutrient solution developed by European Vegetable R &D Center, Belgium. The ratio of 5.5:9, and 6.5:7 mM${\cdot}L^{-1}$ showed better results in growth of marjoram than other treatments. Vitamin C contents and amounts of esential oil were the highest in the ratio of 5.5:9 and 6.5:7, respectively. Inoregano, the growth and vitamin C contents were the highest in the ratio of 5.5:9 and 6.5:7 mM${\cdot}L^{-1}$, respectively. The content (%) and amount (mg/plant) of essential oil were the highest in the ratio of 6.5:7mM${\cdot}L^{-1}$. These results indicated that 5.5:9 and 6.5:7 mM${\cdot}L^{-1}$were proper $Ca^{2+}\;:\;K^+$ ratio of nutrient solution of marjoram and oregano, respectively, by hydropoinics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 2015

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is an aromatic herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of oregano essential oil (OEO) on clinical bovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and/or Escherichia (E.) coli. Thirty-two quarters from 18 lactating cows with subclinical mastitis were selected from a dairy farm and were divided into 4 groups (8 quarters/group): negative control (CON), positive control (GEN) and two OEO-treated groups (OEO-1 and OEO-2). Each group was intramammarily treated with saline, 10 g/tube of gentamicin ointment, and single and double doses of 0.9 mL OEO ointment twice a day for three days, respectively. After the treatments, physical udder conditions were greatly improved in GEN and OEO groups. In CON group, somatic cell counts (SCCs), number of white blood cells (WBC) and bacteria were increased. However, in OEO groups, SCCs and number of WBC were significantly decreased and S. aureus and E. coli were not detected in milk as compared with those before the treatments as well as GEN group. These results suggest that OEO may be a useful alternative to antibiotics for the control of subclinical bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus and/or E. coli.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2010

Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of aging processes. One of causes may be the nonenzymatic glycation followed formation of browning products called advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), an irreversible cross-linked protein. The accumulation of glycated collagen cross-linked in skin inhibits the formation and function of skin tightening agents such as collagen and elastin. To development for anti-wrinkle ingredients from edible plants, MeOH and hot-water extracts were prepared and evaluated for their inhibitory effects of AGEs formation. The activities of both extracts from bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureirii), clove (Eugenia caryophyllate), oregano (Origanum vulgare), rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis), savory (Satureja hortensis) and star anis (Illicium verum) of western spices, and blackberry (Rubus coreanus), dayflower (Commelina communis), Epimedium koreamun (whole), termunalia frutus (Terminalia chebula) and turkestan rose (Rosa rugosa) of medicinal plants were higher than the others. Of Korean vegetables, however, MeOH and hot-water extract from only Asters caber and green tea showed higher activities, and no activity in Korean marine plants (seaweeds).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

One-day-old Cherry valley meat-strain ducks were used to investigate the effect of supplemental dried oregano powder (DOP) in feed on the productivity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and breast meat quality. One hundred sixty five ducks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments for 42 days. The dietary treatment groups were control group (CON; no antibiotic, no DOP), antibiotic group (ANT; CON+0.1% Patrol), 0.1% DOP (CON+0.1% DOP), 0.5% DOP (CON+0.5% DOP), and 1.0% DOP (CON+1.0% DOP). Upon feeding, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of oregano extracts was higher than that of tocopherol, although it was less than that of ascorbic acid. As a result of in vivo study, DOP in the diet showed no effects on final body weight, feed intake, or feed conversion ratio. However, dietary 0.5% and 1% DOP supplementation caused a significant increase in the serum enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with CON and ANT, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in tissue was increased as compared to ANT (p<0.05). Cooking loss from ducks fed with DOP decreased compared with the control ducks. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of duck breast meat at 5 d post slaughter was found to be significantly reduced in ducks whose diets were supplemented with 0.5% and 1% DOP (p<0.05). These results suggest that diets containing 0.5% and 1% DOP may beneficially affect antioxidant enzyme activity of GPx and SOD, improve meat cooking loss, and reduce TBARS values in breast meat at 5 d of storage in ducks.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.344-350
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• 2023

Background: 4-carvomenthenol[4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol] is a main component of Origanum vulgare L., Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC., and other plants. It has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-tumor effects. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct a toxicity test on 4-carvomenthenol to ensure its safety. Methods: This study included 5-week-old Institute of Cancer Research mice that were categorized into 3 treatment groups (12, 25, and 50 mg/kg 4-carvomenthenol dose levels) and a control group (10% dimethyl sulfoxide, 40% polyethylene glycol 300, 5% Tween 80, and 45% normal saline injection of the final volume), with 5 male mice and 5 female mice per group. All groups were observed for clinical symptoms and body weight in a period of 14 days and were subjected to gross necropsy after euthanasia. Results: No deaths were recorded. No test substance-related clinical signs in the female mice of the 12 mg/kg dose group were observed. Abnormal gait was observed in 1 male from day 1 to day 3 in the 12 mg/kg dose group; 1-3 males from day 1 to day 7 and 1-5 females from day 1 to day 15 in the 25 mg/kg dose group; and 2-5 males and 2-5 females from day 1 to day 15 in the 50 mg/kg dose group. No test substance-related effect on the body weight and necropsy findings was observed. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the lethal dose of 4-carvomenthenol could be greater than 50 mg/kg. However, further research is needed, especially repeated-dose toxicity studies, to confirm the efficacy and safety of 4-carvomenthenol.