• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2002

The present study is developed device that effectively mixes raw water and chemicals by using the residual head of fluid in the front pipe of flocculation basin, and performed non-dimensional analysis and presented design standard to apply to water plants that have different equipment capacity. The variables for design are a proper ratio between an outer diameter of deflector and a diameter of pipe, a distance between deflector and orifice and a determination of orifice diameter for an optimal mixing. Numerical study has analyzed flow field on a basis of turbulent intensity in an orifice downstream. As Reynolds number of In-Line Orifice was increased from identical design variable, the turbulent intensity of pipe center was no changed almost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.329-334
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• 2009

The Study of steady performance of orifice must be precede before study of dynamic characteristics with configuration change. So, orifice performance with change of diameter ratio, thickness, expansion and angle predicted by CFD. The analysis algorithm is SIMPLEC. And PRESTO, QUICK scheme is used for dicretization. The $k-{\omega}$ STS turbulent model also used. The discharge coefficient is rapidly increased with increasing of diameter ratio and slowly decreased after rapidly increasing with orifice thicken. In case of expansion angle, the discharge coefficient is the smallest at $45^{\circ}$ of the angle.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.296-304
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• 2011

In order to design a shear coaxial injector of solid particles with water, basic experiments on a particle laden jet are necessary. The purpose of the present study is to understand the effect of particle loading ratio on the particle spray characteristics (i.e. spreading angle, distribution of particle number density, velocity profiles, and particle developing region length). Hydro-reactive Al2O3 particles with a primary particle diameter of 35~50 ${\mu}m$ are used in this experiment. An automated particle feeder was designed to supply constant particle mass flowrates. Air is used as the carrier gas. To determine the air velocity at the orifice exit, tracers (aluminum oxide, 0.5~2 ${\mu}m$ primary diameter) are also supplied by a tracer feeder. A plain orifice type injector with 3 mm diameter, and 20 mm length was adopted. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the mean and fluctuating velocity components along the axial and radial directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

Effects of an orifice on suppression of pressure oscillation in a fluid feeding line are investigated numerically through the installation of an orifice inside the feeding line. Based on linear acoustic theory, acoustic-damping effect of an orifice is emphasized in this study. When an orifice is installed at the node of pressure oscillation corresponding to the anti-node of velocity oscillation, damping capacity is maximized. On the other hand, the orifice installed at the anti-node of pressure oscillation has little damping capacity. As the blockage ratio and thickness of an orifice increase in the feeding line, damping factor increases. The feeding line with smaller diameter has more damping capacity, but damping factor increases more appreciably with blockage ratio in the feeding line with larger diameter.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 1994

I investigated experomentally the spray characteristics to the operating conditions and the shapes of internal mixing twin fluid atomizer. The wide variations of air per liquid ratio are conducted to predit the influences of the Sauter mean diameter(SMD), spray angle, distribution of drop size, the flowing condition of gas and length, flowing, area of gas and liquid, and diameter, number and place of the orifice. In this experiment, air per liquid raio, mixing chamber length per diameter, orifice diameter, and the flowing area ratio of gas and fluid influences greatly on SMD, spray angle, distribution of drop size and intermittent fluctuation region.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.532-537
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• 2003

Gas flow through orifice is encountered in many diverse fields of engineering applications. In order to investigate the critical gas flow through an orifice system, a computational analysis is performed using axisymmetric, compressible, Navier-Stokes equations which are numerically solved by a fully implicit finite volume method. In the present study, the discharge coefficients of two different types of orifices which are a straight-bore orifice and a sharp-edged orifice, are predicted to obtain the critical flow conditions. The present CFD data are compared with the previous experimental results. The present computational results show that the critical mass flow rate through orifice is well predicted and it is a strong function of Reynolds number. The discharge coefficient increases with the orifice diameter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2003

Effects of the orifice internal flow such as cavitation and hydraulic flip on transverse injection into subsonic crossflows have been studied. The liquid column breakup length and the liquid column trajectory were measured by changing the orifice diameter (d), the orifice length/orifice diameter (L/d), the injection pressure and the shapes (sharp and round) of orifice entrance, and were compared with previous results. It is found that cavitation bubbles, which occur inside the sharp-edged orifice, make the liquid jet very turbulent and especially in the orifices with L/d ＝ 5 hydraulic flip appear as cavitation bubbles are emitted from the orifice. The breakup length is shorter as cavitation bubbles grows and hydraulic flip appears. However, the liquid column trajectories normalized by the effective diameter and the effective momentum ratio have a similar tendency irrespective of cavitation and hydraulic flip.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1390-1398
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was experimentally to investigate the disintegration process and disintegration mechanism when co-axial air flows vertically for the longest smooth liquid jet. These were affected by liquid velocity, air velocity, air-to-liquid diameter ratio, nozzle shape, and air-liquid contacting position. That is, this process of disintegration of the liquid jet was similar to that occurred when liquid pressure was increased. At Reynolds number of 10, 000 and below, the changes in the breakup length represent different tendency according to liquid flow rate. The influence of air flow on the disintegration of liquid jet was different according to air-to-liquid diameter ratio, air orifice diameter, nozzle shape and contacting position of liquid and air. In particular, when the tip of liquid nozzle was inside the air orifice, the effect of air flow was the larger than outside the air orifice. The effect of liquid mass flow rate on the change rate of the breakup length was also different.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.966-972
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• 2010

Damping characteristics of a Helmholtz resonator to passively control the combustion instability were investigated by linear acoustic analysis and atmospheric acoustic tests. Its orifice length and diameter were selected as the design parameters and supplied SPL(sound pressure level) effect on damping characteristics were investigated. Damping capacity is improved by decreasing the orifice length as well as by increasing the orifice diameter. Also, the results showed that the damping capacity of the resonator decreased nonlinearly about above 110 dB and instabilities in the nonlinear region were more effectively suppressed by increasing the orifice diameter.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.667-673
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• 2001

As an alternative cooling method to reduce environmental hazard, vortex tubes have been studied for energy separation into cold and hot streams. Hence, the experiments were carried out systematically to find the best ratio of vortex chamber diameter to tube diameter. Also, the work was don to investigate how inlet pressure and geometric ratios of vortex tube affected temperature differences at tow needs as ell as cooling capacity and cooling efficiency. The result showed that the maximum temperature differences at the both ends and the maximum cooling efficiency were obtained when the ratio of vortex chamber diameter was about 1.45, while the inlet pressure ws not higher than 0.7 MPa.