• Title/Summary/Keyword: Oriental-western medicine treatment

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A Study on the Characteristics of Descriptions of the Perspiration in "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" (황제내경(黃帝內經)에 보이는 한(汗)관련 서술(敍述)의 특징(特徵)에 대한 고찰(考察))

  • Lyu, Jeong-Ah;Jang, Woo-Chang;Baik, You-Sang;Jeong, Chang-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Medical classics
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.205-223
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    • 2010
  • In Korean Traditional Medicine(abbreviated to K.T.M.), hyperhidrosis and anhidrosis are the targets of the medical treatment. Furthermore sweating appearance is also one of the important symptoms which explain a particular situation of the patient in K.T.M. And at "Sanghanron(傷寒論)" which is a traditional chief clinical bible written by Jang Gi(張機) later Han dynasty(漢代) in China made full use of the various kinds of diaphoresis[汗法] as a main medical treatment with purgation therapy[下法] and emetic therapy[吐法]. So the sweat in itself not only is the disease, but also is one of the symptoms explain a disease pattern. This thesis inquires into "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)" referring to sweat which is the origin of recognition to the sweat in K.T.M. Some theses similar to this research had been made progresses and already reported, but most of them have classified the contents into biology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment after the model of western medical theory. In the aspect of comparative studying with other literature and clinic practical using, we found characteristics of referring to sweat in "Hwangjenaegyeong(黃帝內經)". And we classify the characteristics into some categories as follows. 1. There are some terms which make a title including sweat and symbolize the characteristics, for example sweat of soul[魄汗], sweat of death[絶汗], sweat of streaming[灌汗], sweat of weakness[白汗], sweat of sleep[寢汗], sweat of bright and heat[炅汗], sweat of kidney[腎汗], sweat of escaping[漉汗], cold sweat[寒汗], sweat on the head[頭汗], hyperhidrosis[多汗], heavy sweat[大汗]. But there aren't spontaneous sweat[自汗] or sweat like a thief[盜汗] which are the normal terms referring to sweat in history of K.T.M. And there are several descriptions about sweat appearance such as sweating in half of body[汗出偏沮], sweating in the rear end and thigh and knee[汗出尻陰股膝], hyperhidrosis in the neck and aversion to wind[頸多汗惡風], hyperhidrosis in the head and face and aversion to wind[頭面多汗惡風], cannot stopping the sweating under head[頭以下汗出不可止], make a person sweat to one's feet[令汗出至足], sweating like escaping[漯漯然汗出], sweating like soaking[汗出如浴], sweating become moist[汗出溱溱], hardly escaping sweat[汗大泄], escaping sweating[漉漉之汗], sweat moisten the pores [汗濡玄府], ceaseless sweating like pouring[汗注不休] sweating like pouring and vexation[汗注煩心], damp with sweat[汗汗然], sweating spontaneously[汗且自出], removal of fever with sweat drying[熱去汗稀]. That can be divided into sweat region and sweat form. 2. There are detailed explanations of the principle of perspirations caused by hot weather, hot food, hard working and meeting damp pathogen. 3. There are some explanations of the principle of removing fever due to the excessive heat from internal and external body through sweating by replenishing the body fluid. And many descriptions about overcoming the febrile disease by dropping temperature through sweating and many diaphoresis for curing. 4. There are some descriptions about five Jang organs perspirations and attachment of five mucous body fluid to five Jang organs. 5. There are pathogenic progresses after sweating affected by the Six Atmospheric Influences and water. And detailed explanations of disease mechanism a sweat leading to another disease. 6. There are descriptions about various sweat absent situations.

The Suppressive Effect of Th2 Cytokines Expression and the Signal Transduction Mechanism in MC/9 Mast Cells by Forsythiae Fructus Extracts (비만세포에서 연교(連翹) 추출물의 Th2 사이토카인 발현 및 신호전달 기전 억제 효과)

  • Lee, Jin Hwa;Han, Jae Kyung;Kim, Yun Hee
    • The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.31-46
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    • 2014
  • Objectives Forsythiae Fructus treatment has been used for inflammatory and allergic diseases in Korean Medicine. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action and the cellular targets are not understood well. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases are associated with Th2 cytokines such as IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$, IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, which are secreted by the mast cells. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Forsythiae Fructus extracts (FF) on Th2 cytokines expression and signal transduction in MC/9 mast cells. Methods In the study, MC/9 mast cells were stimulated with DNP-IgE for 24 hours and then treated separately with CsA $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and varying doses of FF for one hour. MC/9 mast cells stimulated with DNP-IgE was the control group, a treatment with CsA was the positive control group and a treatment with varying doses FF was the experimental groups. The mRNA levels of IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 were analyzed with Real-time PCR. The levels of IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). NFAT, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 were examined by Western blot analysis. Results 1. FF were observed to suppress the mRNA expression of IL-13, IL-5, GM-CSF, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 in comparison to DNP-IgE control group. 2. FF also has inhibited the IL-13, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ production significantly in comparison to DNP-IgE control group. 3. Western blot analysis of transduction factors involving Th2 cytokines expression has revealed a prominent decrease of the mast cell specific transduction factors including NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Jun, and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 but c-Fos. Conclusions In conclusion, the anti-allergenic activities of FF may be strongly related to the regulation of transcription factors NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Jun, and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 causing inhibition of Th2 cytokines in mast cells.

Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Extract from Lonicera japonica Flower on LPS-induced Inflammatory Mediators in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. (금은화 수용성 추출물의 LPS 유도 염증매개물 억제 효과)

  • Yun, Young-Gab;Kim, Gyu-Min;Lee, Sung-Jun;Ryu, Seong-Hun;Jang, Seon-Il
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.117-125
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    • 2007
  • Objective : Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae) has long been used for treatment of infectious diseases in oriental countries. The aim of this study was to investigative the effect by which the aqueous extract from flower of L. japonica (LJFAE) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells Methods : The dried flowers of L. japonica were extracted with distilled water at $100^{\circ}C$ for 7 h. The extract was filtered through 0.45 ${\mu}m$ filter, freeze-dried. The dried extract was dissolved in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) and filtered through 0.22 ${\mu}m$ filter before use. Accumulated nitrite, an oxidative product of nitric oxide (NO), was measured in the culture medium by the Griess reaction. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$), and IL-6 production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis. Results: LJFAE (10-400 ${\mu}g$/ml) per se had no cytotoxic effect in unstimulated macrophages, but LJFAE concentration-dependently reduced NO, PGE2, TNF-, IL-l, and IL-6 production and COX-2 activity caused by stimulation of LPS. The levels of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions were markedly suppressed by the treatment with LJFAE in a concentration dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that LJFAE suppress the NO and PGE2production in macrophages by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression and these properties may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of Lonicera japonica.

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Clinical studies for Tan-San (呑酸) (탄산(呑酸)에 관(關)한 임상적(臨床的) 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, In-Sang;Moon, Goo;Moon, Seok-Jae
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.77-83
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    • 1992
  • Clinical studies were done on 43 cases of Tan-San(呑酸) patient which were treated by outpatient, took medicine with Ge-Wool-Hwa-Dam-Jeon (開鬱火痰煎) in Dept. of 2nd clinic, Christian Oriental Hospital from June in 1991 to end of May in 1992. The results were as follows. 1. The ratio of sex and age was 37.2% males (16 cases) and 62.7% females (27 cases) somewhat higher than males, In the age distribution, the highiest decade was thirtieth decade 48.83% (21 cases). 2. In the vocational distribution, housewives 51.16% (22 cases), commerces 23.25% (10 cases), company employee, teachers, students were in order of frequency and in the regional distribution was city 93.02% (40 cases), from village 6.97% (3 cases). 3. In the type distribution, the highiest frequency was Gan-Gi-Beom-Wi(肝氣犯胃) type 53.48% (23 cases), and Sik-Jeok (食積) 18.8% (8 cases), Bi-Gi-Heo(脾氣虛) 16.27% (7 cases) were in order of frequency. 4. In the western name of a disease distribution, the highiest frequency was chronic gastritis 37.20% (16 cases). 5. In the period of history, the highiest freguency was between six months and one year 23.25% (10 cases), furthermore between 5 years and 10 years 2.32% (40 cases). 6. In the treatment period, the highiest frequency was between 3 weeks and 4 weeks 38.46% (10 cases), and between one month and 2 months 30.76% (8 cases) was in order of frequency. 7. Treatment progress found out progressed 74.2% (26 cases) among the 35 cases which was known treatment progress.

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Effects of polysaccharide (polycan) derived from black yeast in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy cell model (Dexamethasone으로 유도한 근위축 세포모델에서 흑효모 배양물 유래 polycan의 근위축 개선에 대한 효과)

  • Hwang, Su-Jin;Lim, Jong-Min;Ku, Bon-Hwa;Cheon, Da-Mi;Jung, Yu Jin;Kim, Young-Suk;Oh, Tae Woo
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.45-55
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    • 2021
  • Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-atrophic effect of polycan in dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in vitro model. Methods : C2C12 myoblast were differentiated into myotube by 2% horese serum medium for 6 days, and then treated polycan extract at different concentrations for 24h. The effect of dexamethasone on the induction of muscle atrophy and expression of atrophy-related genes in differentiated C2C12 myotubes using a GSH, ROS, real-time PCR, western blots analysis. Results : The results showed that Treatment with polycan (100 and 200 ㎍/㎖) noncytotoxic levels on both myoblast and myotube. Polycan decreased the ROS level overproduced with dexamethasone and improved the depletion of GSH level. Dexamethasone showed a decrease in myotube diameter, which was associated with up-regulation muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases markers, such as atrogin-1, FoxO3, myostatin and muscle RING finger-1 (MuRF1), and down-regulation of myogenin, MEF2, Myogenic regulatory factor 5, 6 and MyoD. The results showed that polycan treatment significantly dose-dependently inhibited it. Furthermore, decreased expressions of PI3K/Akt signal pathway by dexamethasone were reversed by treatment with polycan. Conclusions : Thus, polycan suppresses dexamethasone induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotube in vitro model through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and protective effect of improve skeletal muscle function.

Survey on the current status of the management of traditional Korean medical clinics and perception of the policies (한의원의 경영 현황과 정책 인식도에 대한 조사 연구)

  • Bak, Yo-Han;Kang, Byoung-Kab;Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo
    • The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.205-216
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    • 2014
  • Objectives The purpose of this study is to help improve the management of traditional Korean medical(TKM) clinics and the policies for supporting them, by conducting a survey of the practitioners of TKM. Methods Stratified sampling was conducted based on regional location, and 700 samples were selected in a random manner from the membership list. The questionnaire was delivered and returned by mail. The survey was conducted between 20 July and 31 August 2010. A total of 177 questionnaires (recovery rate: 25.28%) were recovered and analyzed for the study. Results 1. The the survey indicate that the overall size of TKM clinics has fallen compared with previous survey, while the average number of beds per clinic has remained unchanged at 7.9. The sale of medicine as a proportion of total monthly sales has increased. 2. There has been no change in the composition of clinical staff as there are three nursing assistants. Although the average daily number of patients to clinics has remained at around 33.90 compared with ten years ago, the number of patients requiring seeking acupuncture treatment has increased while the number of those treated with medication has decreased. 3. Clinicians in TKM have indicated their preference for a binary system that separates TKM from western medicine (57.4%). The respondents do not favor the separation of dispensary from medical practice (81.5%), marks of origin for medicinal herbs (68.9%), disclosure of the prescriptions (67.2%), and the overseas expansion of Korean medical services (70.4%). However, they indicated that they are very much in favor of being granted the authority to employ and give orders to medical technicians (96.0%). 4. The respondents selected Korea as the country that maintains a proper academic system for traditional medicine (45.5%), and are not in favor of opening Korea's traditional medicine market under an Free Trade Agreement(FTA) with China (72.7%). Conclusion The overall status of the management of TKM clinics has declined compared with the preceding decade. There has been only a slight change in clinicians' opinion of the related policies and regulatory issues.

Non-toxic and Anti-oxydative effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma on PC12 Cell (안태(安胎)에 활용되는 산약(山藥)의 신경세포주에 대한 안전성 및 항산화효과에 대한 연구)

  • Nam, Ju-Young;Roh, Jin-Ju;Seung, Jun-Ho;Son, Mi-Young;Khil, Mee-Jeong;Sung, Jung-Suk;Kim, Dong-Il
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.61-76
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    • 2006
  • Purpose : This study examined the non-toxic and the anti-oxidative effect of Dioscoreae Rhizoma on PC12 cells. Sanyak(Dioscoreae Rhizoma; chinese yam, shan yao) is well-known for its curing power for kidney, lung, spleen. Tonifies and augments the spleen and stomach. Tonifies the lung gi and augments the kidney yin. Tonifies the kidneys and also stabilizes and binds. it also binds the essence and treats spermatorrhea, frequent urination, and vaginal discharge. We are therefore interested in whether Dioscoreae Rhizoma is capable of causing abnormal apoptosis processes, and whether this condition can be rectified through Dioscoreae Rhizoma herb treatment. Methods : We used aqueous extract to treat PC12 cells with different concentrations treated with a water or a MeOH extract of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (0, x10, x20, x40, x80). The MTT (3, (4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol) 2, 5-diphenyl-tetraxolium bromide) reduction assay was employed to quantify the differences in cell activity and viability. The Bax expression level was monitored using western-blotting techniques. The patterns of the changes in expression were scanned and analyzed. Results : Bax and GSK-3${\beta}$ promotes cell death and down-regulated during the development of the PC12 cells. This is indicated that Dioscoreae Rhizoma is capable of inducing apoptosis in PC12 cells. The induced cell death and significantly inhibited by Dioscoreae Rhizoma, which can be explained by the increase in the inhibition of Bax and GSK-3${\beta}$ expression. It was also shown that Dioscoreae Rhizoma inhibits the release of $H_2O_2$ and prevents lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, the accumulation of wild type Bax protein significantly downregulated in a dose-dependent manner upon treatment with Dioscoreae Rhizoma. Conclusion : In conclusion, Dioscoreae Rhizoma can induce apoptosis via a Bax-dependent pathway or GSK-3${\beta}$ dependent pathway in PC12 cells into anti-oxidant and protective effect.

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A Study on Urinary Incontinence, Interstitial Cystitis, Atrophic Viginitis of Elderly Women Using Senior Welfare Center and Nursing Home and the Cognition of Traditional Korean Medicine (복지관 및 요양원 이용 노인 여성의 요실금, 간질성 방광염, 위축성 질염 실태 및 한방치료에 대한 인식 조사)

  • Heo, Su-Jeong;Ie, Jae-Eun;Cho, Hyun-Ju;Myoung, Sung-Min;Sohn, Young-Joo
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.123-138
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the real condition of urinary incontinence(UI), interstitial cystitis(IC), atrophic viginitis(AV) for elderly women and analyze the cognition of traditional korean medicine(TKM) for them. Methods: We utilized questionnaire from May to June, 2010. Questionnaires were taken from 125 women using senior welfare center and nursing home, aged over 65 up to 92. The data were analyzed by $X^2$-test using SPSS/PC ver 18.0 program. Results: The prevalences of UI, IC and AV symptoms were 50.4%, 40.8%, 56%, respectively. The average I-QoL score for UI was $82.62{\pm}21.16$, and the average ICSI score for IC was $8.16{\pm}2.50$. After adjustment for each of the variables considered in this study, alcohol was associated with UI and age, BMI(body mass index) were associated with IC. Most of respondents have no experience(94.4%) or don't know (79.2%) about TKM for UI, IC and AV. 44 women(37.3%) indicated that they weren't willing to use TKM for UI, IC and AV. Reasons for not taking TKM were because of 'no knowledge of TKM(34.1%)' and 'more accustomed to western treatment(34.1%)'. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of UI, IC, AV for elderly women was high, the actual percentage of treatment for these diseases was low, furthermore, patients were not aware of TKM and had very few experiences of TKM for these diseases. The development and increased promotion about TKM program for elderly women's urogenital diseases is needed.

Effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid on pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice (18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid가 lipopolysaccharide에 의한 생쥐 뇌조직의 염증성 사이토카인과 해마신경세포 자연사에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ji-Seung;Kwon, Man-Jae;Kweon, Su-Hyeon;Kim, Jeeho;Moon, Ji-Young;Cho, Yoon-Cheong;Shin, Jung-Won;Lee, Jong-Soo;Sohn, Nak-Won
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.73-81
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    • 2016
  • Objectives : $18{\beta}$-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18betaGA) is an metabolite of glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza (licorice). The present study investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect of 18betaGA on the brain tissue of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mice. Methods : 18betaGA was administered orally with low (30 mg/kg) and high (100 mg/kg) doses for 3 days prior to LPS (3 mg/kg) injection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA were measured in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus tissue using real-time polymerase chain reaction at 24 h after the LPS injection. Histological changes of Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1) neurons, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 expression in the hippocampus was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method. Results : 18betaGA significantly attenuated the up-regulation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 mRNA, and COX-2 mRNA expression in the brain tissues induced by the LPS injection. 18betaGA also significantly attenuated the reductions of the thickness of CA1 and the number of CA1 neurons. The up-regulation of Bax protein expression in the hippocampal tissue by the LPS injection was significantly attenuated, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression was increased by 18betaGA treatment. 18betaGA also significantly attenuated the up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3 expression in the CA1 of the hippocampus. Conclusion : This results indicate that 18betaGA has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect under neuroinflammation induced by the LPS injection and suggest that 18betaGA may be a beneficial drug for various brain diseases accompanied with the brain tissue inflammation.

The Effects of Cobrotoxin on $NF-{\kappa}B$ Activation in Human Prostatic Cancer Cell Line(PC-3) (Cobrotoxin이 전립선 암세포 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Chae, Sang-Jin;Song, Ho-Seub
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.37-48
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-caner effect of cobrotoxin on the prostatic cancer cell line(PC-3). Methods : After the treatment of PC-3 cells with cobrotoxin, we performed fluorescence microscope, MTT assay, Western blotting, Flow cytometry, PAGE electrophoresis and Surface plasmon resonance analysis to identify $NF-{\kappa}B$ the change of calcium and NO. Results : 1. The expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ was decreased at 1nM and It·as decreased significantly at 2, 4, 8nM. 2. $I{\kappa}B,\;NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor, was decreased significantly at 8nM and $p-l{\kappa}Ba$, phosphrylation of $I{\kappa}B$, was decreased significantly at all concentrations of cobrotoxin. 3. The expressions of p50 and p65 were decreased significantly and dose-dependently at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 4. The expression of p53 was increased significantly at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 5. The calcium concentration in cell wasn't changed at 1, 2, 4, 8nM, but was increased dose-dependently at 30, 70, 130, 250nM comparing with lower dose of cobrotoxin. 6. The NO concentration in cell was increased significantly at 1, 2, 4, 8nM. 7. In immunochemical staining, we found that cobrotoxin-immunochemical complex move into intracellular space dose-dependently. Conclusion : These results indicate that cobrotoxin has anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis.

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