• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.451-460
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a modified constraint induced movement therapy (mCIMT) using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the upper extremity function and activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with subacute stroke. Methods: Fourteen participants with subacute stroke were randomly assigned to a group using both mCIMT and PNF or a group using mCIMT alone. Each group underwent twenty sessions (1 h/d, 5 d/wk) for 4 weeks. Patients were assessed with the action research arm test (ARAT), the Fugl-Meyer assessment for the upper extremities (FMA-UE), the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and motor activity logs (MALs; amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]). Results: Both the experimental group and the control group showed significant intragroup improvement in the ARAT, FMA-UE, MBI, and MAL-AOU (p<0.05). The group using both mCIMT and PNF exhibited greater improvement in the ARAT, FMA-UE, MBI, and MAL-AOU than did the group using mCIMT alone. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the ARAT (p=0.01), FMA-UE (p=0.01), MBI (p=0.00), and MAL-AOU (p=0.01) between the groups. Conclusion: This study applied mCIMT combined with PNF for subacute stroke patients, and the results showed significant improvements in the patients' upper extremity function and ADLs. Therefore, mCIMT using PNF may be more effective than mCIMT alone in improving upper limb function and ADLs in patients with subacute stroke.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.21-31
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• 2024

This study provides the underlying data on the inclusion of medical technologists in the category of medical personnel. Medical personnel are defined in the Medical Service Act as physicians, dentists, oriental medicine doctors, midwives, and nurses. In the act, medical technologists shall be classified into clinical laboratory technologists (clinical pathology technologists in the Korean language), radiological technologists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, dental technologists, and dental hygienists. Although South Korea's medical personnel do not include medical technologists, Japan and Taiwan define them as medical personnel. Various standard occupational classification such as International Standard Classification of Occupations 2008, Korean Standard Classification of Occupations 2017, Japan Standard Occupational Classification 2009, Taiwan Standard Occupational Classification 2010, and USA Standard Occupational Classification 2018 were compared. The education system for medical health technologists was explained to include 4-year university and 3-year junior college programs. The roles of medical technologists in medical practice, therapy, and medical assistance were outlined. These basic materials incorporate the need for discussions about the meaning of including medical technologists in the type of medical personnel. These discussions will contribute to the legalization of medical technologists' professionality with regard to their inclusion in the type of medical personnel.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-92
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• 2003

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting organizational citizenship behavior of hospital employees, and based on the investigation, to suggest some implications for effective human resources management of hospitals. For this purpose, physical therapists were selected as the subject of the research. Using their individual characteristics, job characteristics, professionalism and group cohesiveness as the variables affecting organizational citizenship behavior, an empirical model was constructed and tested. A survey was conducted through structured and self-administered questionnaire for the physical therapists working at hospitals of Busan-Kyongnam area, and data from 240 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, perception on professionalism and the degree of organizational citizenship behavior were higher for male, older, relatively more-educated and higher-grade employees. It is necessary to develope some measures to educate and motivate the employees who are in lower state of professionalism and organizational citizenship behavior. Second, among the individual characteristics, need for growth was found to have significant, positive influence on professionalism and group cohesiveness, but no direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, extroversion had direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as on professionalism and group cohesiveness. This result suggests that personnel selection and personality education should be conducted carefully. Third, job characteristics appeared to have very large, positive effect on professionalism, but not directly on organizational citizenship behavior. Fourth, professionalism was found to have very large, positive influence on group cohesiveness and direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This implies that enhancing professionalism of physical therapists can strengthen organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals, and hence top management should actively support the programs for job re-design, skill education and quality improvement to enhance professionalism of their employees. Fifth and last, as an intervening factor, group cohesiveness appeared to have the largest, direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. It is, therefore, important for top management to improve group cohesiveness by exploring ways toward greater harmony and solidarity among the members of physical therapy department.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1477-1484
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• 2006

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ extracts following gamma-ray irradiation on the change of weight, the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid level in obese mice induced by high fat diet, and the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and blood pressure (BP) in normal rats. Experimental materials were as follows ; 10AS was the bark powder of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ stems which was exposed in 10 kGy electron beam, 10AS was the bark powder of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ roots which was exposed in 10 kGy electron beam, 100S was the bark powder of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ stems which was exposed in 100 kGy electron beam, Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed with normal diet and administered with distilled water during 5 weeks, Control group was fed with high fat diet and administered with distilled water during 5 weeks, Sample A group was fed with high fat diet and administered with 10AS of 300 mg/kg/mouse/day during 5 weeks, Sample B group was fed with high fat diet and administered with 10AR of 300 mg/kg/mouse/day during 5 weeks, Sample C group was fed with high fat diet and administered with 100AS of 300 mg/kg/mouse/day during 5 weeks. The results were as follows ; Sample A group, Sample B group and Sample C group were significantly decreased body weight and the serum LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, total lipid level in comparison with Control group. Sample A group, Sample B group and Sample C group were significantly increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. Sample B group and Sample C group were significantly decreased the serum total cholesterol, free fatty acid and phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. This results were suggested that all experimental materials were able to be used for the obesity. 10AS did not changed rCBF and MABP in a dose-dependent manner. 10AR significantly increased rCBR in a dose-dependent manner, and BP did not change in a dose-dependent manner. 100AS decreased rCBF and BP in a dose-dependent manner. This results were suggested that 10 AR significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. According to above results, the authors suggested that 10AR was able to be used for the obesity and ischemic disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.506-516
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to report five patients who had multiple rib fractures after a traffic accident who improved with the combination of Korean medical admission treatment. Methods: We collected the data of traffic accident patients with multiple rib fractures who were admitted to the Daejeon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine from April 2018 to May 2018 to receive the combinational Korean medical treatment. We observed these cases of patients treated by Acupuncture, Pharmacopuncture, Herbal medicine, Oriental physical therapy, Chuna treatment. We measured the validity of the treatment with a numerical rating scale (NRS) and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ5D) at admission, at two weeks, and at the discharge date of hospitalization. Results: At the end of the treatment, all patients showed a decrease in NRS scores and in increase in EQ5D. The median NRS score was 6 (5-7) at the date of admission and 4 (2-7) at two weeks and then decreased to 3 (2-6). The median EQ5D score was 0.513 (0.350-0.752) at the date of admission and 0.692 (0.418-0.913) at two weeks, and then increased to 0.783 (0.671-0.913). Conclusions: After the combination of Korean medicine admission treatment, five patients with multiple rib fractures after a traffic accident showed that the treatments were effective. However, the number of subjects was insufficient and individual efficacy was not measured in this study. Therefore, further studies are needed on this topic.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.105-120
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• 2013

Objectives: Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) is a Traditional Korean Medicine based on the natural human emotions of joy(喜), anger(怒), sorrow(哀), and pleasure(樂). Therefore, in this paper I would like to construct SCM as a Mind-Body Medicine by studying the relation between SCM and psychotherapy focusing on control of emotions. Methods : I have researched the psychological characteristics of the four human physical constitutions, as described by SCM, and psychotherapy with an emphasis on the natural human emotions of joy, anger, sorrow, and pleasure as discussed in the works of Lee Je-ma(李濟馬, 1837-1900). Results and Conclusions : The joy, anger, sorrow, and pleasure in SCM do not simply refer to human emotions. They have an inherent nature(性), emotion(情) and Qi(氣). They are tied to the psychological characteristics of the four human physical constitutions and the relationship between body and mind. The turning point in the transformation from Sasang philosophy to Sasang therapy lies in these emotions. Sasang Constitutional Medicine, which focuses on 'mind matter' and diagnosing illness, emphasizes medicine and food(藥餌), along with health maintenance(調養). In particular, health maintenance requires the following mental practices. First of all, through countinuous awarness(恒戒) and self-reflection(自反), one needs to practice moderation(中) and restraint(節) of the emotions of joy, anger, sorrow, and pleasure. Therefore, 'inward reflection while sitting(坐思)' is necessary. In SCM, this is very similar to meditation in that it enhances psychological self-control through mental training or practice.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.41-63
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• 2005

Ginseng has been useful for the treatment of diverse disease in oriental countries for thousands of years. In addition, a folk medicine prescribed by seven herbal drugs including Panax ginseng has been antinarcotics in the treatment of morphine-dependent patients. Many articles have been reported on these works. Therefore, we review the protective effects of Panax ginseng on the neurotoxicity induced by abuse drugs. Ginseng total saponins (GTS) extracted and isolated by Panax ginseng antagonized morphine-induced analgesia, and inhibited the development of analgesic tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine. CTS inhibited morphine-6 dehydrogenase, which catalyzes production of mophinone from morphine, and increased hepatic glutathione level responsible to toxicity. Therefore, wehypothesized that these dual actions of ginseng can be associated with the detoxication of morphine. In addition, the inhibitory or facilitated effects of GTS on electrically evoked contraction in guinea pig ileum (${\mu}$-receptors) and mouse vas deferens(${\delta}$-receptors) were not mediated through opioid receptors, suggesting non-opioid mechanisms. On the hand, antagonism of U-50,488H (${\kappa}$-agonist)-induced antinociception is mediated by serotonergic mechanisms. GTS also inhibited hyperactivity, reverse tolerance (sensitization) and conditioned place preference-induced by psychostimulants such as methamphetamine, cocaine and morphine. On the other hand, GTS reduced the dopamine levels induced by methamphetamine. Moreover, GTS blocked the development of dopamine receptor activation, showing antidopaminergic effect. We suggest that GTS prevent the methamphetamine-induced striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity. In addition, Ginsenoside also attenuates morphine-induced CAMP signaling pathway. These results suggested that GTS might be useful for the therapy of the adverse actions of drugs with abuse liability.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic(EMG) activities of trunk and hip muscles between right and left sides while subjects performed prolonged manual task in asymmetric and symmetric weight-bearing posture. Fifteen healthy male college students were recruited for this study. The subjects were asked to perform bimanual upper extremity task for 6 minutes in two different standing postures. In the symmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects were standing with evenly distributed body weights to both legs. In the asymmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects distributed about 90% of their body weight onto their preferred(supporting) leg and 10% of their body weight onto the opposite leg while they were standing. EMG activities of the right and left internal oblique, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were measured and normalized as % MVIC. Then the EMG data were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests. The EMG activities of all measured muscles were not significantly different between the right and left side in the symmetrical weight-bearing posture(p>0.05). However, the EMG of the supporting side internal oblique was significantly lower than the opposite side(p<0.05), and the EMG of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were significantly greater on the supporting side(p<0.05). The results of this study support that unbalanced use of right and left muscle possibly causes the changes in muscle length which results in asymmetry of trunk and hip muscles. Furthermore, the uneven weight support onto right and left legs will cause a distortion of viscoelastic ligaments around hip and sacroiliac joints in the long run. Further studies to determine the effect of various manual tasks on the trunk and hip muscles as well as the effect of asymmetrical weight-bearing standing posture on hip and back muscle fatigue may be required.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.138-148
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• 2004

Objective : Insomnia is the disorder of initiation or maintenance in sleeping that results in daytime sleepiness and dysfunction, and it arises from multiple psychological, physiological and environmental factors. A number of stroke patients suffer from insomnia are classified as sleep disorder patients with physical illness. In addition, insomnia may have profound deleterious effects on the natural course of stroke. We are to assess the effectiveness of intradermal acupucture on stroke combined with insomnia. Methods : We recruited hospitalized patients with insomnia after stroke. Then, the subjects were allocated into a treatment group and a control group by randomization. The treatment group received intradermal acupuncture therapy at He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) correctly. However in control group, intradermal acupuncture were just attached to He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) without insertion. Treatment over time at first day and second day a various indexes were repeatedly checked such as sleep latency, total sleep time, sleep quality, condition on awakening, ability of concentration, morning sleepiness, Insomnia Severity Index, and Athens Insomnia Scale. In the second analysis, we divided the treatment group into a response and a non-response group by their response to intradermal acupuncture. With the acupuncture treatment, accompanied symptoms were checked Results : Among thirty two subjects, two of them were dropped out: One complained the pain from needle insertion, and the other underwent the change of his herbal medication. At baseline investigation with the residual 30 subjects, the control and the treatment group were assessed to have an equal comparability. In the treatment group, sleep latency, total sleeping time, a number of awakenings, sleep quality and ability of concentration showed improvement significantly compared with the control group. The non-response Group showed symptoms such as nausea and halitosis, belching and acid regurgitation, abundant expectoration, while Responder Group showed palpitation, oppressed feelings in chest and sleep disorder. Conclusions: The result of this clinical study suggests that the intradermal acupuncture at He-7(神門), EH-6(內關) is one of the effective treatments for the insomnia after stroke.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-36
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to identify disease characteristics and behavior pattern of treatment for patients with Fibromyalgia. This study was carried out between May to Aug. in 1998 through direct interview in Rheumatism clinic at H. University Hospital and subject in this study were 125 outpatients diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test, ANOVA using SPSS Window program. The results of this study are as follows. 1. General Characteristics : All of the persons with Fibromyalgia were female who were mostly in their forties(37.5%). A third of them(38.4%) were graduated from high school. The greatest part of them(54.4%) were christians but little part of them(16.8%) were employed 2. Disease Characteristics : They have struggled with Fibromyalgia for 10 years on an average. About half of them(56.9%) suffered from Fibromyalgia only but the others had another diseases which were in greatest part occupied by Osteoarthritis. The number of tender point which is a feature of Fibromyalgia differed according to measuring criteria. Yunus criteria. however, was proved to be the most proper measuring criteria than any other method as it showed high correlations between symptoms and physical activities. The most serious symptoms that complained the patients among subjective symptoms are pain, sleep disorder, and fatigue in sequence, and activities most hard to do among physical activities are washing by hand, scrubbing by hand, and shopping in sequence. 3. Behavior Pattern of Treatment : The largest part of them(42.4%) had received medical treatment after they were determined to have the disease and most of them were taking medicine as prescribed by physician(88.8%) or other medicines(16.8%), Of them, two thirds stated that the medicine they took were effective. Around a third of them took exercises mostly composed of swimming. The medical institution they visited in the past were orthopedic surgical department, Oriental hospital, physical therapy department in sequence and, in a slight percent(11.4%), psychiatric department. 4. Relations between Disease Characteristics and Behavior pattern of Treatment : It shows that number of tender point and level of symptom are significantly different according to duration of disease and medical intervention. As a results, it can be suggest that persons with Fibromyalgia need to take exercises and medicine continually regardless of medical treatment as it is a chronic disease whose symptoms are hardly mitigated.