• 유기물자원화
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 유기인 화합물인 Paraoxon의 분해를 위하여 재조합 대장균에서 세포내 간극(periplasmic space)으로 분비되는 organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH)의 생산에 대하여 고찰하였다. OPH 생산의 향상을 위하여 성장 배지에 첨가되는 최적의 조건은 1.0 mM isopropyl-${\beta}$-D-thiogalactopytanoside (IPTG), 0.25 mM $Co^{2+}$ 및 0.1 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) 이었다. 이 조건에서 최대OPH 생산은 $174Unit/L{\cdot}OD$를 나타내었다. 또한 1 mM의 Paraoxon은 OPH에 의하여 완전히 분해되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 토양 및 수계에 잔류하는 환경독성 유기인 화합물을 제거하는 bioremediation의 수수단으로 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XII)
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• pp.101-101
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• 2003

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2002년도 학술발표대회
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• pp.104-104
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• 2002

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.278-288
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• 2019

In the present investigation, we attempted to design a protocol to develop a hybrid protein with better bioremediation capacity. Using in silico approaches, a Hybrid Open Reading Frame (Hybrid ORF) is developed targeting the genes of microorganisms known for degradation of organophosphates. Out of 21 genes identified through BLAST search, 8 structurally similar genes (opdA, opd, opaA, pte RO, pdeA, parC, mpd and phnE) involved in biodegradation were screened. Gene conservational analysis categorizes these organophosphates degrading 8 genes into 4 super families i.e., Metallo-dependent hydrolases, Lactamase B, MPP and TM_PBP2 superfamily. Hybrid protein structure was modeled using multi-template homology modeling (3S07_A; 99%, 1P9E_A; 98%, 2ZO9_B; 33%, 2DXL_A; 33%) by $Schr{\ddot{o}}dinger$ software suit version 10.4.018. Structural verification of protein models was done using Ramachandran plot, it was showing 96.0% residue in the favored region, which was verified using RAMPAGE. The phosphotriesterase protein was showing the highest structural similarity with hybrid protein having raw score 984. The 5 binding sites of hybrid protein were identified through binding site prediction. The docking study shows that hybrid protein potentially interacts with 10 different organophosphates. The study results indicate that the hybrid protein designed has the capability of degrading a wide range of organophosphate compounds.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.12-17
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• 1998

버드나무 껍질중의 배당체인 salicin으로부터 유래된 salicylic acid와 그 유사화합물인 3-hydroxy benzoic acid의 질산화된 중간체를 출발물질로 하여 몇몇의 알콜과 에스테르화반응을 거쳐 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 화합물의 전구체를 합성하였다. 합성된 전구체의 수산기에 diethylchlorophosphate와 methyl isocyanate를 반응시켜 유기인계 및 카바메이트계 화합물 11종을 합성하였다. 합성된 화합물은 살충, 살균활성실험을 실시하였다. 유기인계 화합물의 벼멸구에 대한 활성은 500 ppm의 농도에서 O-(2-carbomethoxy-4-nitro phenyl) O,O-diethylphosphate 화합물이 96%의 살충력을 보였다. 반면 carbamate 화합물의 경우는 500ppm농도에서 살충력이 전혀 나타나지 않았다. 살균효과는 유기인계 화합물인 경우 도열병에 대해서 ester에 관계없이 250 ppm농도에서 95% 이상의 방제가를 나타냈으며, 그 이외의 병원균에서는 낮은 방제가를 보였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2001

The acute oral LD5O toxicity values of isazofos, pyraclofos, diazinon and methomyl were determined for Japanese quail based on OECD guideline. The $LD_{50}$ of isazofos, pyraclofos and diazinon was 16.26 mg/kg, and 7.11mg/kg body weight In female respectively. And the $LD_{50}$ of each chemical in male was 21.44, 35.64, 8.28 mg/kg body weight respectively. Diazinon was the most susceptible compounds to Japanese quail in both sexes. The $LD_{50}$ of methomyl was 21.24 mg/kg body weights in female, and 28.28 mg/kg body weight in male respectively. Diazinon, isazofos and methomyl were more toxic In the female than male. The symptoms of poisoning were similar in quails administrated with each chemicals. The clinical sign in Japanese quail were ataxia, salivation, diarrhea, ruffled feather and convulsion at dead point. There were severe hemorrhage and catarrhal inflammation from duodenum to ileum In all compounds. In Japanese quail treated with organophosphorus and carbamate compounds, brain acetylcholinesterase was inhibited by 88-96. The recovery was not observed after 5 h in sublethal dose.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.363-371
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• 1999

연구배경: 유기인제는 국내에서 1950년대부터 농업용 살충제로 널리 사용되고 있으며, 최근 공업용 화공약품으로 사용이 증가하면서 이로 인한 중독 환자가 증가하고 있다. 아트로핀, PAM 또한 호흡부전 발생시 인공호흡기를 이용한 적극적인 치료로 사망률은 과거보다 감소하였으나, 호흡부전으로 인한 사망은 유기인제 중독의 주요한 사망 원인이다. 저자들은 유기인제 중독시 호흡부전의 발생 빈도 및 그 유발 인자를 관찰 분석하여 유기인제 중독으로 인한 사망률을 줄여 보고자 하였다. 방 법: 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 유기인제 중독증으로 진단 받은 111례를 대상으로 하였으며, 특히 호흡부전이 발생한 31례의 임상 소견 및 치료 방법, 혈중 cholinesterase 활성도 등을 조사하여 호흡부전 발생과 관계가 있는 요인들을 알아보았다. 결 과: 유기인제 중독환자 111례 중 자살 목적인 경우가 81례로 가장 많았고, 중독 정도도 가장 심하였다. 환자 중 15례에서 사망하였으며, 사망률은 14%였다. 호흡부전이 발생한 31례 중 23예가 중독 후 24시간이내, 8례는 25시간에서 96시간이내 발생하였으며, 중독 정도가 심할수록 호흡부전 발생 빈도가 높았다. 호흡부전이 발생한 31례 중 15례에서 사망하였고, 호흡부전이 발생하지 않은 경우에서는 사망한 예가 없었다. 16예의 환자에서 폐렴이 발생하였으며 이중 14례에서 호흡부전이 생겨, 폐렴이 생긴 대부분의 환자에서 호흡부전이 발생하였다. 심혈관 허탈은 5례에서 발생하였으며 이중 2례에서 호흡부전이 생겼으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 첫 24시간동안 아트로핀의 평균 요구량은 $56{\pm}65mg/dl$이고, 급성 호흡부전인 경우 아급성 호흡부전이나 호흡부전이 발생하지 않았을 때보다 아트로핀 요구량이 더 많아 중독 정도가 심할수록 아트로핀 요구량이 더 많았다. PAM으로 치료하였던 95례 중 26예와, 치료하지 않았던 16예 중 5례에서 호흡부전이 발생하여 PAM 치료 여부와 호흡부전 발생간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 혈중 cholinesterase 활성도는 호흡부전이 발생하였을 때보다 인공호흡기 이탈시 7배정도 높았으며, 인공호흡기로 치료한 기간은 급성 호흡부전이 생겼을 때 유의하게 길었다. 결 론: 급성 유기인제 중독에 의한 호흡부전은 중독 후 첫 96시간 이내 주로 발생하며, 중독 정도와 폐렴 발생이 호흡부전 발생의 중요한 유발 인자로 생각된다. 따라서 중독 후 첫 96시간 동안 세심한 관찰이 필요하고 적극적인 아트로핀 투여와 기도 확보 및 흡인성 폐렴 방지로 호흡부전 발생 빈도를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.218-224
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• 2013

Organophosphorus compounds are irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase enzyme. Exposure causes a progression of toxic signs, including hypersecretion, tremor, convulsion, respiratory distress, epileptiform seizure, brain injuries and death. To protect brain injuries, administration of diazepam as a neuroprotectant is now considered essential for severely exposed nerve agent casualties. However, studies have shown diazepam to provide less than total protection against the neuropathological consequences of nerve agent exposure. In this context, extensive studies have been carried out to find out effective alternative drugs to protect brain from epileptiform seizures induced by organophosphate compounds intoxication. It has been reported that a combination of carbamate and anticholinergic or antiglutamatergic can be a very effective medical countermeasure in dealing with the threat of organophosphorous poisoning. In this study, experimental animals including rats and guinea pigs were implanted with microelectrodes on their brain sculls, and treated with various centrally acting drugs such as physostigmine and procyclidine prior to soman challenge, and then its electroencephalography(ECoG) was monitored to see anticonvulsant effects of the drugs. It was found that seizure activities in ECoG were not always in proportion to clinical signs induced by soman intoxication, and that combinative pretreatment with physostigmine plus procyclidine effectively stopped the seizures induced by organophosphorous poisoning.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2007

Purpose: Organophosphate (OP) compounds insecticides are the most commonly associated with serious human toxicity all over the world. The aim of this study was to identify sociocultural factors that contribute to high incidence of pure OP poisoning and prevent OP poisoning in order to reduce the factors responsible for deaths in South Korea. Methods: This is the 38 multi-centers survey and prospective study of pure OP poisoning by structural reporting system and hospital records from August 2005 to July 2006. 238 patients with acute pure OP poisoning were enrolled. We collected patient information regarding poisoning, clinical, and demographic features. Results: The mean age was $55.32{\pm}17.3$ years old. The most frequent site of exposure was their own residence(85.7%). Frequent compounds involving pure OP poisoning were dichlorvos(22.7%), methidathion(8.4%), and phosphamidon(6.7%). Intentional poisoning was 77.9%. The most frequently route of exposure was ingestion(94.5%). The mean arrival time to hospital after poisoning was 12.7 hours and mean hospitalization duration was 12.9 days. 2-PAM was administered to 101 patients in mean doses of 6.3 g/day intravenously. Atropine was administered to 81 patients in mean doses of 74.6 mg/day (maximal 910 mg/day). The presence of lower level of GCS score, respiratory complications, hypotension, acute renal failure, and serious dysrhythmia was associated with serious and fatal poisoning. Overall final mortality in pure OP poisoning was 9.7%(23/238). Conclusion: This study highlights the problem of pure OP poisoning in South Korea as a basic national survey. Futhermore this might help the establishment of strict policies availability of OP and the statistics of OP poison exposure in South Korea.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2007

The carbamates are a group of insecticides derived from carbamic acid, with a broad spectrum of uses as agricultural and household garden insecticides. Carbamate insecticides are reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. Their inhibitory action is mediated by reversible carbamylation of acetylcholine, as with the organophosphate insecticides. Carbamates are absorbed by the body through multiple routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption. Although poisoning can result from occupational exposure or accidental ingestion, in most cases there is suicidal intent. This is particularly true in developing countries, where the highest incidence of morbidity and mortality from this cause occurs. Cardiac complications often accompany poisoning by carbamate compounds, which may be serious and often fatal. The extent, frequency, and pathogenesis of cardiac toxicity from carbamate compounds has not been clearly defined. Possible mechanismsinclude sympathetic and parasymphatetic overactivity, hypoxemia, acidosis, electrolyte derangements, and a direct toxic effect of the compounds on the myocardium. Patients with carbamate poisoning should immediately be transferred to an intensive or coronary care unit where appropriate monitoring and resuscitative facilities are available. We here report a case of acute coronary syndrome resulting from acute carbamate ingestionthat resulted in a healthy discharge.