• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.1_2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1997

LBD-001, a recombinant human interferon $\gamma$ produced by genetically engineered yeast as a host system, was intravenously administered to pregnant female rabbits (New Zealand White strain) from day 6 to 18 of gestation at dose levels of $0.35 \times 10^6$, $0. 69 \times 10^6$, and $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day. Hydrocortisone sodium succinate (0.3 mg/kg/day) was also given in the same way. Teratological effects of the test agents on the organogenesis of fetuses and the development of offsprings (F1 rabbits) were investigated. The results were as followings: (1) No significant changes by the treatment of LBD-001 or hydrocortisone sodium succinate were observed in the body weights, the food and water consumption, the lactating or nurshing behaviors, and the autopsy of the pregnant rabbits. (2) No significant changes in the resorption rate, the fetal organogenesis, and the normal develpoment of offsprings (F1) by the treatment of LBD-001 or hydrocortisone sodium succinate were detected. The results show that LBD-001 at the dose of $1.38 \times 10^6$ I.U./kg/day or less and hydrocortisone sodium succinate at the dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day are neither teratogenic in the organogensis of the fetuses and the development of the offsprings (F1) nor toxic to the mother rabbits.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.367-370
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• 2006

The study was carried out to establish an improved protocol for shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf explant cultures of Scrophularia buergeriana M. with the treatment of ethylene inhibitors [silver nitrate (AgNO$_3$), aminoethox-yvinylglycine (AVG), Cobalt chloride (CoCl$_2$)]. The regenerated shoots obtained from leaf explant cultures on MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP, The additions of AgNO$_3$. AVG and CoC1$_2$ substantially improved the shoot regeneration frequency, at the optimal concentration of 7 mg/L, 7 mg/L, and 3 mg/L respectively, The regenerated shoots could be easily rooted with 0.1 mg/L IBA treatment. The noted plants were hardened and transferred to vermiculite with a 85% survival rate where they grew normally.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2018

Development of herbicide resistant transgenic legume plants through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has been worked in many previous studied. Plant regeneration after infection is the important step to obtain successful transgenic plants. Many attempts try to find the optimum media condition for plant regeneration after infection. However, the transformation efficiency of legume plants is still low. In this study, regeneration of some Korean legume species including two soybean cultivars (Dawon and Pungsan) and pea have been done with organogenesis which is used various kind of explants such as cotyledonary-nodes in soybean and bud-containing tissue in pea. We developed the optimum media condition for plant regeneration regulators under Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using different kind and various concentration of plant growth. As the results, B5 medium containing 2 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine was selected in this study for the optimum plant regeneration media. The segments were inoculated with Agrobacterium suspension harbored an IG2 vector containing bar gene which confers resistance to phosphinotricin (PPT) in 3, 5 and 7 days. The transformation efficiency was achieved in Dawon 3.03 % and pea 1.46 % with co-cultivation period of 7 days which is showed a high number of GUS positive expression period.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1999

An artificial symbiosis was established between diazotropic Azomonas insignis and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). The partnership was created by in vitro techniques through callus induction and organogenesis. The basis of this partnerships is the bacterial dependence on the plants metabolic activity, using maltose in the medium as a carbon and energy source which can be utilized by the plant cells only. The presence of bacteria in the intercellular spaces of the callus tissues and regenerated plants was proven by microscopic techniques. Nitrogenase activity could also be detected in the plant tissues. For successful and high frequency introduction of bacteria to the plant tissues, biolistic gun method was used. On the basis of the DNA transfer method, Azotobacter vinelandii bacteria were delivered directly into strawberry tissues by the particle bombardment. This was the first use of living bacteria as microprojectils for bombardment of plant tissues. The treatment was successful, the presence of bacteria in the developing callus tissue and regenerated plants were detected by light and electron microscopy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.173-173
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• 2017

Phalaenopsis orchid is one of the most important flowers in flower industry. We conducted an experiment to find out the response of different concentration of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) for the in vitro regeneration of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) of Phalaenopsis 'Fmk02010'. We used five different concentrations of CCC and these were 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1 and $10mgL^{-1}$ in modified MS medium and cultured for 42 days. We added two major salts ammonium nitrate ($412.5mgL^{-1}$) and potassium nitrate ($950.0mgL^{-1}$) to the MS medium for the modification. Maximum numbers of PLBs were found from media with $0.01mgL^{-1}$ of CCC (15.667) and maximum fresh weight (0.211 g) as well. The 100% PLB formation rate was also found from $0.01mgL^{-1}$ of CCC. We found 58.83% variation in number of PLBs ($R^2=0.5883$) and 47.44% variation in fresh weight ($R^2=0.4744$) to the different CCC concentrations. Our study suggested that increase in the CCC concentration negatively affect the PLBs organogenesis of Phalaenopsis. We can suggest that the addition of very low concentration of CCC in plant culture medium can increase the number, formation rate and fresh weight of PLBs of Phalaenopsis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2017

Phalaenopsis orchid is one of the most important flowers in flower industry. We conducted an experiment to find out the response of different concentration of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) for the in vitro regeneration of protocorm like bodies (PLBs) of Phalaenopsis 'Fmk02010'. We used five different concentrations of CCC and these were 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1 and $10mgL^{-1}$ in modified MS medium and cultured for 42 days. We added two major salts ammonium nitrate ($412.5mgL^{-1}$) and potassium nitrate ($950.0mgL^{-1}$) to the MS medium for the modification. Maximum numbers of PLBs were found from media with $0.01mgL^{-1}$ of CCC (15.667) and maximum fresh weight (0.211 g) as well. The 100% PLB formation rate was also found from $0.01mgL^{-1}$ of CCC. We found 58.83% variation in number of PLBs ($R^2=0.5883$) and 47.44% variation in fresh weight ($R^2=0.4744$) to the different CCC concentrations. Our study suggested that increase in the CCC concentration negatively affect the PLBs organogenesis of Phalaenopsis. We can suggest that the addition of very low concentration of CCC in plant culture medium can increase the number, formation rate and fresh weight of PLBs of Phalaenopsis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2003

The developmental features, growth and organogenesis of Macroorchis spinuiosus were observed in albino rats. Globular and thick walled metacercariae, possessed a stylet, Y-shaped excretory bladder and extracecal testes. Un albino rats, M. spinulosus showed habitat shifting. The majority of M. spinulosus reside in the jejunum for the first four days post Infection (p.i.) and migrate to the duodenum at the later stage of infection. M. spinulosus grew rapidly during the first four days and reached full maturity at 14 days p.i. and later reduced in size. The ovary was separated from the genital primodium at one day p.i. The seminal vesicle appeared on the third day and divided into two sacs on the fourth day p.i. and intrauterine eggs and sperm mass were produced on the fourth day. Organogenesis and enlargement of reproductive organs governed the growth of M. spinulosus. The similarity of related species of the genus Macroorchis to M. spinulosus was discussed In consideration to developmental features.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.347-356
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• 2001

Guarana, a tropical plant is found in powdered for in health food and is very popular soft drink in Brazil as an energy feaster with its high caffeine contents. We examined its radioprotection effects during organogenesis stages of ICR mice by malformations rate and cellular lead 8 the embryo by radiation and analyzed the mechanism of the radioprotection effects in the fetal of ICR mice. The results of this study showed that Guarana reduced clearly the embryonic death rate and teratogenesis rate by radiation. Its radioprotection effect inject be related with its radioprotection effect might be related with its antioxidant effect or free radical scavenger. We need to exposure the Guarana as a potential radioprotection agent. Therefore, we investigated about radiation effects by Guarana using to mice experiments in this paper.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.4 s.85
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• pp.254-259
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• 2005

Permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, has been widely used to protect domestic animals and the public health, as well as in agriculture against a variety of pests, which provides potential for environmental exposure. Permethrin is classified as possible human carcinogen and endocrine disrupting chemical by many international authorities. However, its developmental effects have been rarely studied. This study investigated the effects of permethrin during embryo-genesis. Developmental toxicity of permethrin was evaluated using short-term in vitro battery system. Gestation day 9.5 rat embryos (organogenesis) were cultured with permethrin (0.1,0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml) for 48 hours using whole embryo culture system. All the treatments exhibited significant decreases in the total morphological score. Permethrin induced significant growth retardation and the developmental abnormality at doses of 0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml. Moreover, the DNA and protein contents of embryos decreased in dose-dependent manner. These observations suggest that permethrin contributes to toxicity on embryonic developments in rats.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.300-306
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• 2022

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for a wide range of cellular responses in plants, including defense responses, responses to abiotic stress, hormone signaling, and developmental processes. Recent investigations have shown that the stress, ethylene, and MAPK signaling pathways negatively affect the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules by directly modulating the symbiotic signaling components. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense responses mediated by MAPK signaling in the organogenesis of nitrogen-fixing nodules remain unclear. In the present study, I demonstrate that the Medicago truncatula mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MtMKK5)-Medicago truncatula mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/6 (MtMPK3/6) signaling module, expressed specifically in the symbiotic nodules, promotes defense signaling, but not ethylene signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting nodule development in M. truncatula. U0126 treatment resulted in increased cell division in the nodule meristem zone due to the inhibition of MAPK signaling. The phosphorylated TEY motif in the activation domain of MtMPK3/6 was the target domain associated with specific interactions with MtMKK5. I have confirmed the physical interactions between M. truncatula nodule inception (MtNIN) and MtMPK3/6. In the presence of high expression levels of the defense-related genes FRK1 and WRKY29, MtMKK5a overexpression significantly enhanced the defense responses of Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). Overall, my data show that the negative regulation of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodule organogenesis by defense signaling pathways is mediated by the MtMKK5-MtMPK3/6 module.