• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.4130-4136
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• 2021

By polymerization of gadolinium methacrylate (Gd (MAA)₃), lead methacrylate (Pb(MAA)₂) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), Gd and Pb were chemically bonded into polymers. The X-ray shielding performance was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation method, and the results showed that the more metal functional organic monomer, the better the shielding performance of terpolymers. When the X-ray energy is 65 keV, Gd (MAA)₃-containing polymers have better shielding performance than Pb(MAA)₂-containing polymers. Gd could compensate for the weak absorption region of Pb. Therefore, polymers containing both Gd and Pb enhanced shielding efficiency against X-ray in various low-energy ranges. For obtaining terpolymers with uniform monomer compositions, the relationship between the monomer composition of the terpolymers and the conversion level was optimized by calculating the reactivity ratios. The value of reactivity ratios of r (Gd (MAA)₃/Pb(MAA)₂), r (Pb(MAA)₂/Gd (MAA)₃), r (Gd (MAA)₃/MMA), r (MMA/Gd (MAA)₃), r (Pb(MAA)₂/MMA) and r (MMA/Pb(MAA)₂) was 0.483, 0.004, 0.338, 2.508, 0.255, 0.029. The terpolymers with uniform monomer composition could be obtained by controlling the monomer compositions or conversion levels. The results can provide new radiation protection materials and contribute to the improvement in nuclear safety.

• 지역과문화
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-57
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• 2020

본 연구는 창조농촌에서의 문화기반 활성화 전략에 초점을 맞춰 접근한다. 이를 위해 먼저 일본 및 서구권을 중심으로 논의가 진행되어 온 창조농촌의 개념을 정리하고, 창조농촌을 구성하는 요소들을 도출, 그들 간의 영향관계를 토대로 문화예술을 매개로 하는 창조농촌의 활성화 모델을 제안했다. 밀양시의 밀양연극촌 사례를 통해 보다 구체적으로 그 개념과 관계들을 살펴보고자 밀양연극촌이 가지고 있는 문제점들을 분석하고, 이를 창조농촌의 개념에 적용, 그 대안을 제시하고자 했다. 이 과정을 통해 창조농촌에서 문화예술이 갖는 의미와 가능성을 재고했다. 결과적으로 문화를 통한 창조농촌 활성화 모델 구상을 위해서는 지역의 물리적 환경, 정체성, 커뮤니티, 창의인재와 거버넌스, 지속가능한 창조환경과 같은 창조농촌의 요소들 간의 균형과 유기적 연계를 통해 실현이 가능함을 확인했다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.172-181
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• 2022

Pubertal onset is known to result from reactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is controlled by complex interactions of genetic and nongenetic factors. Most cases of precocious puberty (PP) are diagnosed as central PP (CPP), defined as premature activation of the HPG axis. The cause of CPP in most girls is not identifiable and, thus, referred to as idiopathic CPP (ICPP), whereas boys are more likely to have an organic lesion in the brain. ICPP has a genetic background, as supported by studies showing that maternal age at menarche is associated with pubertal timing in their offspring. A gain of expression in the kisspeptin gene (KISS1), gain-of-function mutation in the kisspeptin receptor gene (KISS1R), loss-of-function mutation in makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3), and loss-of-function mutations in the delta-like homolog 1 gene (DLK1) have been associated with ICPP. Other genes, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABRA1), lin-28 homolog B (LIN28B), neuropeptide Y (NPYR), tachykinin 3 (TAC3), and tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3), have been implicated in the progression of ICPP, although their relationships require elucidation. Environmental and socioeconomic factors may also be correlated with ICPP. In the progression of CPP, epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and non-coding ribonucleic acids may mediate the relationship between genetic and environmental factors. CPP is correlated with short- and long-term adverse health outcomes, which forms the rationale for research focusing on understanding its genetic and nongenetic factors.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

Background: Plant vegetation appears in heterogeneous and patchy forms in arid and semi-arid regions. In these regions, underneath the plant patches and the empty spaces between them are covered by biological soil crusts (moss, lichen, cyanobacteria, and fungi). Biological soil crusts lead to the formation and development of fertile islands in between vegetation patches via nitrogen and carbon fixation and the permeation of runoff water and nutrients in the soil. Results: The present study has investigated the association of biological soil crusts, the development of fertile islands, and the formation of plant patches in part of the Takht-e Soltan protected area, located in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. Three sites were randomly selected as the working units and differentiated based on their geomorphological characteristics to the alluvial fan, hillslope, and fluvial terrace landforms. Two-step systematic random sampling was conducted along a 100-meter transect using a 5 m² plot at a 0-5 cm depth in three repetitions. Fifteen samplings were carried out at each site with a total of 45 samples taken. The results showed that the difference in altitude has a significant relationship with species diversity and decreases with decreasing altitude. Results have revealed that the moisture content of the site, with biocrust has had a considerable increase compared to the other sites, helping to form vegetation patterns and fertile islands. Conclusions: The findings indicated that biological crusts had impacted the allocation of soil parameters. They affect the formation of plant patches by increasing the soil's organic carbon, nitrogen, moisture and nutrient content provide a suitable space for plant growth by increasing the soil fertility in the inter-patch space.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.295-308
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• 2023

This study applied a real-time IoT (Internet of Things) environmental monitoring system to wooden cultural heritages (WCHs) located in suburbs and forests in Korea. It automated the graphs of seasonal Temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) changes inside the heritage structures and seasonal Performance Index (PI) values. While utilizing line graphs of the existing T and RH change trends and a bar graph expressing the PI values, this study examined the current status of the conservation environment inside the WCHs throughout the year and its diagnosis. Consequently, at higher latitudes, the organic cultural heritage repeatedly experienced large T fluctuations, and the risk of physical and chemical degradation of the materials was greater. However, the RH showed significant seasonal differences, even within the same latitude, indicating that the impact of latitude was not significant. Therefore, the staff in charge must manage RH by considering the surrounding environmental conditions and adjusting the internal environment of the structures. The PI values for the year-round T and RH inside the heritages were confirmed to only be a maximum of approximately 60% of the environmental suitability for conservation throughout the year, depending on the season. The relationship between the germination and growth potential period of xerophilic fungi and the monthly internal temperature and humidity in five heritages located at different latitudes was analyzed. As a result, we could thus determine that four particular months of the year (June-September) represent the periods with the highest risk of damage from xerophilic fungi in the country, regardless of latitude.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.60-73
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• 2024

Background: The available information on terrestrial pest gastropods and their impact on the environment worldwide is scarce and outdated. The present study aimed to address this gap by conducting the first comprehensive survey of pest gastropods in the Nuwara Eliya District, an important vegetable growing area in the highlands of Sri Lanka. Eighty agricultural lands were surveyed over two years by establishing ten 1 m2 sampling plots per crop type in each agricultural land. Geo-coordinates, air temperature, elevation, relative humidity, daily rainfall, soil pH, species richness and abundance were recorded for rainy and non-rainy periods. The relationship between species composition and environmental variables was analyzed using multi-regression models and distribution maps. Results: Out of the 14 species recorded in agricultural lands, nine were identified as exotic pest species. Species abundance (t = 4.69, p < 0.05) and diversity was higher in the rainy period and the dominant species during this period were Bradybaena similaris (t = 2.69, p < 0.05) and Deroceras reticulatum (t = 2. 46, p < 0.05). Eggs and estivating adults were found in soil and under decaying organic matter during the non-rainy period. The exotic species showed broader preferences for the measured environmental factors and showed a wider range in distribution compared to the native species. Variation in pest gastropod composition was significantly accounted for by elevation, relative humidity, soil pH and daily rainfall. Additionally, the species richness and abundance varied across locations due to the combined effects of elevation, crop type and stage, and field type. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the biology and ecology of gastropod pests to develop effective management strategies. By considering the influence of environmental factors and implementing appropriate soil management techniques, such as targeting specific habitats and crop stages, it is possible to mitigate pest populations and minimize their impact on agricultural lands. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics and interactions of terrestrial gastropods in agricultural ecosystems, supporting sustainable pest management practices.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2024

This thesis explores the embodiment of a performer and a character/role specifically by examining what the term character is associated with and implies in a sense of the performer's bodily training through which what happens to their body. First of all, this research begins to investigate the relationship between a performer and a character centred on the performer's bodily experience through training and/or studio work. From a perspective of a performer, the concept and practical approach of a character itself essentially includes and signifies all the given circumstance of a specific play which has to be acknowledged then inhabited through the performer's body. That is, the internal structure of the text parallels with articulating and developing the spine of a specific character which take place as the substance leads the performer's body to an organic action and/or that of way corresponding to what the character needs and wants to obtain through a series of moment on stage. Here, we argue that the purposeful action as a process and result of applying/inhabiting the substance enhances the performer's body as the whole being participates in the given environment within which his/her body can also work or function by means of the integrated oneness. Second, in a manner of the most fundamental level, both the ethic of acting and the central task of a performer remind us the significance of allowing therefore experiencing subtle bodily movement, namely, responses to stimulus from in/outside of his/her body either visible or invisible on the one hand. At the same time, such a journey of self-discovery empowers the performer to explore new potential possibilities on the other. Finally, as the research finding suggests that these practical insights are necessarily need to be acknowledged as a point of the departure through which the quality of a performer's body is also cultivated by means of the changeable wholeness in order to being on stage.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2005

울진원자력 발전소 인근 해역의 해저 퇴적물에 대하여 광물분석과 함께 $^{137}Cs$의 농도를 분석하였고 이와 더불어 총 유기탄소(total organic carbon, TOC)의 양과 퇴적물의 입자 크기를 분석하여 퇴적물의 특성과 더불어 이들의 상관관계에 대하여 알아보았다. 퇴적물의 입자 크기는 주로 모래크기에 해당되며 $-0.48\~3.6Md\phi$의 분포를 보인다. TOC와 $^{137}Cs$의 경우 각각 $0.06\~1.75\%$와 최소검출활동도(Minimum detectable activity, MDA)$\~4.0Bq/kg-dry$의 범위로 나타나며 평균 방사능의 농도는 $1.15{\pm}0.62Bq/kg-dry$였다. 일반적으로 다른 해역의 경우보다 큰 입자와 작은 TOC의 양과 $^{137}Cs$의 농도가 특징적이다. 본 해역 퇴적물의 구성 광물은 주로 석영과 장석류들(알바이트, 미사장석, 그리고 약간의 정장석)로 구성되어 있으며 미량의 휘석, 방해석, 각섬석 등의 조암광물들과 함께 $10{\AA}$의 피크를 갖는 광물(주로 흑운모)과 일부 녹니석등의 광물들이 혼재해 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 광물 중 흑운모가 가장 대표적으로 $^{137}Cs$의 분포와 상관관계를 보이고 있으며 이는 흑운모의 풍화에 따른 닮은 모서리 자리(frayed edge site, FES) 나 시료에 혼재되어 존재할 가능성이 있는 일라이트 등에 의한 결과로 판단된다. 여러 가지 퇴적물의 특성 중 $^{137}Cs$의 분포와 가장 밀접한 양상을 보이는 것은 TOC의 농도로 이것은 본 해역에서 Cs을 강하게 흡착할 만한 광물이 존재하기 않기 때문이며, 따라서 $^{137}Cs$의 분포는 광물분포 보다는 TOC의 함량에 더 큰 영향을 받고 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2013

벼 재배 논에서 발생하는 온실가스 인벤토리 작성을 위해 볏짚 시용량에 따른 메탄 배출 특성을 3년 (2010~2012년)동안 조사하여 우리나라 국가 고유의 배출계수를 개발하였다. 볏짚은 ha당 0 Mg, 3 Mg, 5 Mg, 7 Mg 4수준을 3년 (2010 ~2012)간 가을에 연용하여 추경하였다. 화학비료는 3요소 ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ = 90-45-57 kg/ha)를 공통으로 시용하였으며, 물관리는 수확 2주전까지 상시담수를 유지하였다. 벼 생육시기별 메탄 배출량은 이앙 후 약 30일까지 (6월 중순)는 완만히 상승하다가 그 이후부터는 급격히 증가하여 고온기인 이앙 후 약 90일부터 110일 (8월 중순~하순)까지는 최대에 달하였으며, 이후 기온이 감소에 따라 배출량도 감소하는 경향이었다. 벼 생육기간 중 ha당 메탄 배출량은 볏짚 시용량이 증가됨에 따라 많아져 무시용구 2.05 kg/ha/day 대비 3Mg/ha, 5 Mg/ha, 7 Mg/ha 시용구에서는 46 %, 101 %, 190 % 각각 메탄 배출량이 증가하였다. 볏짚 시용량에 따른 메탄 배출량 증가로 구한 상관관계를 통해 유기물 시용에 따른 메탄배출 보정 계수를 구하였다. 본 연구에서 구한 보정계수를 이용하여 벼 재배 논에서 평균 10 a 당 볏짚이 500 kg 발생한다고 보고, 발생한 볏짚을 모두 논으로 환원한다면, 우리나라 벼 재배 논에서 발생하는 메탄 배출량은 IPCC GPG(2000)에서 제시한 보정계수로 구한 경우 보다 약 5 % 낮게 산정될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2019

기후변화 대응을 위한 토양수분 관리는 중요한 과제이며, 최적의 토양수분 함량을 예측할 수 있다면 대단위 토양수분 정보를 제공할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 포장용수량 및 위조점의 실측값과 추정값에 대한 상관 관계를 분석하였으며, 토양특성 인자와 토양수분 간 상관성을 조사하였다. 선정된 토양수분관측망 지점은 76 개이며, 모래함량이 높은 사토, 양질사토, 사양토가 77%를 차지하였으며, 유기물은 0.03~3.50%, 용적밀도는 1.01~1.69 Mg m^-3 범위로 조사되었다. 포장용수량 및 위조점의 추정값은 실측값과 상관계수가 낮고 실측값보다 과소 평가되었으나 추정값과 실측값 간에는 고도로 유의한 정의상관관계(p<0.01)가 나타났다. 토양수분(포장용수량 및 위조점)은 미사, 점토, 유기물과는 고도로 유의한 정의상관(p<0.01)이었으며, 모래와는 고도로 유의한 부의상관(p<0.01)이었다. 하지만 본 연구에서 조사된 토양수분관측망 토양은 농업기상대 설치를 위하여 인위적으로 조성된 지점이 포함되어 있어 일반농경지 토양 특성을 그대로 반영하기 다소 어려움이 있다. 따라서 토양수분 측정 조사지점을 농경지까지 포함하여 표본수를 확대하고 토양 인자를 적절하게 활용할 경우 국내 실정에 맞는 토양수분 추정식을 도출할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.