• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.151-167
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• 2016

This study is focus on the relationship between the role of FTA and service trade performance enhancing strategy in Korea. and It is on the verification of the focus to the competitive promoting strategy of the logistics industry. finally proposition of the policy making to the government is proposed in the research. The invigoration of the service trade through FTA focus on the logistics industry is very combinative economy policy target with the side of government and the side of private enterprises both. added to this, this is the goal of impossible to achieve just with the development of logistics industry itself. it needs to construct the organic relationship, that is the implement and enforcement of the SCM through logistics industry network. Thus, on logistics, the 3rd party operating system implementation is top priority to gain international competitiveness. furthermore, the 4th party facilitation including consulting function and IT technology to pursue the maximum effectiveness logistics service providing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

This study's objects are to suggest effective forest community-level management measures by identifying the vulnerable forest vegetation communities types to climate change through a comparative analysis with present forest communities identified and delineated in the Actual Vegetation Map. The methods of this study are to classify the climatic life zones based on the correlative climate-vegetation relationship for each forest vegetation community, the Holdridge Bio-Climate Model was employed. This study confirms relationship between forest vegetation and environmental factors using Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis. Then, the future distribution of forest vegetation are predicted derived factors and present distribution of vegetation by utilizing the multinomial logit model. The vulnerability of forest to climate change was evaluated by identifying the forest community shifts slower than the average velocity of forest moving (VFM) for woody plants, which is assumed to be 0.25 kilometers per year. The major findings in this study are as follows : First, the result of correlative analysis shows that summer precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest month, elevation, soil organic matter contents, and soil acidity (pH) are highly influencing factors to the distribution of forest vegetation. Secondly, the result of the vulnerability assessment employing the assumed velocity of forest moving for woody plants (0.25kmjyear) shows that 54.82% of the forest turned out to be vulnerable to climate change. The sub-alpine vegetations in regions around Mount Jiri and Mount Seorak are predicted to shift the dominance toward Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora communities. In the identified vulnerable areas centering the southern and eastern coastal regions, about 8.27% of the Pinus densiflora communities is likely to shift to sub-tropical forest communities, and 3.38% of the Quercus mongolica communities is likely to shift toward Quercus acutissima communities. In the vulnerable areas scattered throughout the country, about 8.84% of the Quercus mongolica communities is likely to shift toward Pinus densiflora communities due to the effects of climate change. The study findings concluded that challenges associated with predicting the future climate using RCM and the assessment of the future vulnerabilities of forest vegetations to climate change are significant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.591-596
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• 2011

The applications of chemical fertilizers and various types of organic materials may cause heavy metal accumulation in soil. In this study, we conducted to investigate the relationship between the different chemical forms of heavy metals such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn retained in soil and the metal concentrations in Korean raspberry plant. Forty five soil samples were collected from 2 to 6 years old Korean raspberry cultivation fields (RCFs), Gochang, Korea, to determine total, exchangeable (1.0 M $MgCl_2$-extractable), DTPA-extractable metal contents. The leaves and fruits of raspberry plant were sampled at harvest stage. Total metal contents in soils ranged from $0.87mg\;kg^{-1}$ to $66.82mg\;kg^{-1}$. Exchangeable and DTPA-extractable metals ranged between 0.02 and $0.67mg\;kg^{-1}$ and between $0.05mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $7.07mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The metal concentrations in the plant leaf and fruit determined on a dry-basis were between $1.30mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $38.82mg\;kg^{-1}$ and between $0.05mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $21.51mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively, but Cd and Pb were not detected in the leaf. The total, exchangeable, and DTPA-extractable contents of the metal ions in soil were directly correlated one another, but the contents of different metals in the different fractions were inversely correlated in general. Most of total and DTPA-extractable metals in the soil were directly correlated with the contents of the same metals in the plant, whereas exchangeable metals in the soil were not statistically correlated with the same metals in plants. Thus, we concluded that the metal contents in the raspberry field soils were much lower thanthe levels of Soil Contamination Warning Standard (SCWS), and the plant metal concentrations were also less than the maximum permissible limits. The total and DTPA-extractable metals in the soil were closely related to the metal concentrations in the plant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.243-252
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• 2002

To develop indicators for soil health evaluation, biological characteristics of native soils from the different parent materials were studied. Survival rate of fluorescent Pseudomonas in soils was the lowest as 0.1% while those of thermophilic Bacillus and alkaliphilic bacteria were over the 90% by the soil drying stress. There was positive relationship between soil microbial biomass and organic carbon exudated from the microbial biomass by the treatment. The average air-drying effect of soils was 39.7% with ranges of 9.7~95.0%. The propagules of mesophilic Bacillus and Gram negative bacteria were increased by the re-wetting of dried soils. Soil pH affected positively to the recovering rate of microbial number. Average recovering rate of microbes was 65.3%, and there was positive relationship between microbial biomass recovery and fluorescent Pseudomonas population.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 1991

The chemical and organoleptic properties of dongchimi studied for their changes during fermentation at $4{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ in 7% NaCl solution with seasonings. It was found that pH decrease showed three variation points in its slope at about pH 5.2, 4.7 and 4.1 during fermentation. A negative linear relationship between total acidity and logarithmic value of pH was obtained. The slope of the relationship curve was increased as the fermentation temperature increased. The reducing sugar was increased until pH reached$4.0{\sim}4.2$ followed by a small decrease and its amount was lowered as the temperature increased from $4\;to\;25^{\circ}C$ The major nonvolatile organic acids were lactic and citric acids. The increase in lactic acid were more marked at $25^{\circ}C$ than at $4^{\circ}C$. As fermentation proceeded the fresh radish odor significantly decreased while sourness and yeast-moldy odor increased. The crispness of the radish decreased slightly during fermentation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.79-85
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• 2019

'Experiments in Art and Technology' Group was established in the mid-20th century, and then developed the larger interdisciplinary experiments into the range of art world and its outside field. The motive power of group's activities was the collaboration between artists and engineers traversing the boundary between old different disciplinary conventions. E.A.T was officially launched in 1967 by the engineers Billy $Kl{\ddot{u}}ver$ and Fred Waldhauer and the artists Robert Raushenberg and Robert Whitman. They performed various possibility of material, technology, and engineering available to contemporary art. By reflecting the function of art and technology in society, eventually they developed the methodology of new aesthetics which had organic relationship with contemporary world. In this sense, this research have its academic significance. This paper firstly examined the socio-cultural context of emerging the E.A.T. group as a representative model for convergent practice, and verified the fact that the collaboration between artists and engineers had produced the expansion of artistic expression as well as new relationship among art, engineering, and society by considering E.A.T's various projects. Therefore, I will refer the E.A.T. group as an exemplary model for concrete method of collaboration that contemporary discourses about convergence need.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.380-386
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• 2011

Tip burn has been reported as one of the most serious physiological disorder in Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum Rottl.) cultivated in plastic film house. In this study, a physiography and chemical properties of 132 plastic film house soils were investigated to elucidate factors affecting tip burn symptom. Also influence of soil properties on tip burn was statistically determined by path analysis and association analysis including a chi-square test or logistics analysis. Probability distribution of inorganic aqueous species, such as ammonia (g) was calculated using MINTEQ program. Soil order and chemical properties, especially pH, exchangeable calcium and inorganic nitrogen, showed a significant relationship with tip burn of Chinese chives. Tip burn symptoms occur mainly in an alkaline soil classified as Alfisols. Result of linear regression and path analysis exhibited that formation of ammonia (g) from soil solution depend upon soil pH and were associated with ammonium resulting from soil organic matter or nitrate. These results indicate that tip burn symptom of Chinese chives is directly affected by ammonia gas originated from alkaline soil condition.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.4-29
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• 2015

This article considered generally gradational change aspect, character of community for the tombs of the Three kingdoms prepared by some certain homogenous groups. It was completed by tracing the transfering process to grasp character of social structure and organizing System in the community. For this reason, it's analyzed that Wooden chamber tomb was formed in some certain Time-Space of the Yaksadong Buk-dong archaeological site in the Three Kingdom Period. Constructed group was distinguished by the five classes. So perhaps scale of Wooden chamber and sort, material of burial relics, the top layer and the upper layer were established two status those are active the ruling class led the Wooden chamber tomb's society, the general public hold a large majority from the middle class to the lowest class. And it depends on age(nonage-adult) that differed in relation of arrangement, character. It's changed with function or roles, property, purpose etc. of social community in accordance with these individual position, age. Received signification, value of social status were considered with social worth, faith. Members in a community had been conducted under premeditated, organised system for common target, relatedness. Also it seems to attempt organization's own maintenance, persistiveness in norms that given at common law. To do that, relation for combination between members who consisted systems had to be organic. The relation for combination was considered to form relation for the much larger community in based on blood relationship that most vital part. One social structure had established family(house, household) community in based on individual blood relationship, family communities gather up to develop into relative(blood relative, same race) community gradually. Furthermore, relative(blood relative, same race) communities, that focus on the public good gather up to develop into social community in based on regionalism. It's considered to go through the Development Process of family(house, household) community - relative(blood relative, same race) community - social community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.885-892
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• 2017

We estimated the limiting nutrient and DIP limiting history based on alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity during the spring of 2017 in the Southern Sea, Korea. In the frontal area, concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN): DIP ratio and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) were < $0.2{\mu}M$, 23.2 and $2.2{\mu}g/L$, respectively, indicating high productivity despite DIP limiting. The relationship between APase and DIP indicates that the study area had limited DIP because of a strongly reverse correlation (r= -0.81; P<0.001). Relationship between APase and Chl-a (r=0.61, p<0.001) also indicated that APase may have been induced by phytoplankton (ca. 60 %) and bacteria (ca. 40 %). In DIP limiting history in this study area, frontal area and non-frontal areas might have induced long-term DIP limitation and the recent relief from DIP-limitation, respectively, based on distributions of dissolved APase and particulate APase. Thus, these results suggest that by measuring the enzyme that hydrolyzes organic matter such as APase in frontal area, it is possible to estimate temporal and spatial characteristics of limiting nutrient, thereby improving our understanding of biogeochemistry cycles.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.68
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• pp.141-173
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to help examine the nature and direction of today's village education community by examining the characteristics of Osan School and Myeongdong School, which were representative national schools during the Japanese colonial period, as village education communities. These two schools were prestigious private schools that became the bases for national and international independence movements at home and abroad. The fact that these schools were able to produce excellent graduates by faithfully carrying out the national education, which was the mission of the time, despite the oppressive situation, was influenced by the village education community formed by the organic cooperative relationship between the school and the village. The two schools have had active support from the village since their establishment, and the schools invited villagers if there was a good educational opportunity or cultural event. The school opened all the facilities of the school to the residents, and the villagers took care of the students and teachers, forming a close fusion between the two sides. Based on this relationship, the school and village made an effort to create an ideal village community based on independence, equality and solidarity. As such, the historical examination of Osan School and Myeongdong School suggests implications that help the village education community move forward to a more mature stage.